Database ManagementSystem_Lecture_03.pdf
- 1. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Prepared By : Arslan Ali Mansab Lecture #03
- 2. WHAT IS RDBMS 1 RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. All modern database management systems like SQL, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, ORACLE, My-SQL, and Microsoft Access are based on RDBMS. It is called Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) because it is based on the relational model.
- 3. Data is represented in terms of tuples (rows) in RDBMS. A relational database is the most commonly used database. It contains several tables, and each table has its primary key. Due to a collection of an organized set of tables, data can be accessed easily in RDBMS. 2 HOW IT WORKS
- 5. Everything in a relational database is stored in the form of relations. The RDBMS database uses tables to store data. A table is a collection of related data entries and contains rows and columns to store data. Each table represents some real-world objects such as person, place, or event about which information is collected. The organized collection of data into a relational table is known as the logical view of the database. 4 WHAT IS TABLE/RELATION?
- 6. Each relation has a unique name by which it is identified in the database. Relation does not contain duplicate tuples. The tuples of a relation have no specific order. All attributes in a relation are atomic, i.e., each cell of a relation contains exactly one value. 5 PROPERTIES OF A RELATION
- 7. 6 A table is the simplest example of data stored in RDBMS. RELATION EXAMPLE
- 8. 7 WHAT IS A ROW OR RECORD? A row of a table is also called a record or tuple. It contains the specific information of each entry in the table. It is a horizontal entity in the table. For example: The above table contains 5 records.
- 9. No two tuples are identical to each other in all their entries. All tuples of the relation have the same format and the same number of entries. The order of the tuple is irrelevant. They are identified by their content, not by their position. 8 PROPERTIES OF A ROW
- 10. A column is a vertical entity in the table which contains all information associated with a specific field in a table. For example: "name" is a column in the above table which contains all information about a student's name. 9 WHAT IS A COLUMN/ATTRIBUTE?
- 11. 10 We can further divide a distributed database system into: Every attribute of a relation must have a name. Null values are permitted for the attributes. Default values can be specified for an attribute automatically inserted if no other value is specified for an attribute. Attributes that uniquely identify each tuple of a relation are the primary key. PROPERTIES OF AN ATTRIBUTE
- 12. The smallest unit of data in the table is the individual data item. It is stored at the intersection of tuples and attributes. Properties of data items: Data items are atomic. The data items for an attribute should be drawn from the same domain. 11 WHAT IS DATA ITEM/CELLS?
- 13. 12 The total number of attributes that comprise a relation is known as the degree of the table. DEGREE
- 14. The total number of tuples at any one time in a relation is known as the table's cardinality. The relation whose cardinality is 0 is called an empty table. 13 CARDINALITY
- 15. 14 For example: the student table has 4 attributes, and its degree is 4. For example: the student table has 5 rows, and its cardinality is 5. DEGREE/CARDINALITY
- 16. The domain refers to the possible values each attribute can contain. It can be specified using standard data types such as integers, floating numbers, etc. For example: An attribute entitled Marital_Status may be limited to married or unmarried values. 15 DOMAIN
- 17. The NULL value of the table specifies that the field has been left blank during record creation. It is different from the value filled with zero or a field that contains space. 16 NULL VALUES
- 18. There are the following categories of data integrity exist with each RDBMS: Entity integrity: It specifies that there should be no duplicate rows in a table. Domain integrity: It enforces valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, the format, or the range of values. 17 DATA INTEGRITY
- 19. Referential integrity: It specifies that rows cannot be deleted, which are used by other records. User-defined integrity: It enforces some specific business rules defined by users. These rules are different from the entity, domain, or referential integrity. 18 DATA INTEGRITY
- 20. 19 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DBMS AND RDBMS Although DBMS and RDBMS both are used to store information in physical database but there are some remarkable differences between them. The main differences between DBMS and RDBMS are as follow:
- 21. 20 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DBMS AND RDBMS
- 22. THANK YOU