DCE5
- 1. Manthan topic: Brain Gain “Indovation” Driving India’s Rise as an R&D Hub 1 Presented by Aarshi Jain, Akash Kalra, Anish Talwar, Prakirti Prakhar & Kulprakash Bhasin Dronacharya College of Engineering, Greater Noida
- 2. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 UnitedStates China Japan Germany SouthKorea France UnitedKingdom India Canada Expenditures on R&D Expenditures on R&D % of GDP (PPP) 2 UnitedStates China Japan Germany SouthKorea France UnitedKingdom India Canada 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 % of GDP (PPP) % of GDP… Comparison of countries by research and development spending India’s most significant achievements have been in the broad realm of human resource development. A Network of Government-supported R&D Laboratories with Expertise in a Variety of Disciplines Large Education Capacity with Several World-class Institutions Large Private Sector Industrial Base Government Recognition of the Importance of Industrial R&D Influence of Scientists in Policy-making Changes to Patent Laws & Increased Foreign Direct Investment in R&D “We can do it”
- 3. Sustained economic growth over more than a decade has raised visions of India becoming one of the largest and most important economies in the world. India government is strongly committed to feed the innovation process in the Country and it declared 2010-2020 the “Decade of Innovation”. India has 302 universities/deemed universities, 13 institutions of national importance and 16,885 colleges offering higher education in the country. Thanks to this large education network, India has one of the largest stocks of scientists, engineers and technical personnel in the world. Propelled by a boom in services, and with a healthy growth rate in manufacturing, the Indian economy has maintained a growth rate in excess of 6% since economic liberalization began. Cutting across political lines, the Indian political establishment has consistently expressed confidence in the Indian scientific establishment. Recent amendments to the Patents Act have brought Indian laws in line with the intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes prevalent in much of the industrialized world. With this framework in place, both Indian companies and multinational corporations are expected to step up R&D investments. Perhaps the biggest source of strength of the Indian innovation system today is the confidence that has been generated by India’s success in several industries such as software, pharmaceuticals, and automobile components. 3
- 4. India has the reputation of having one of the largest pools of technically trained personnel. At the same time, the country has depended on foreign sources of technology for a large number of its products. Confounding challenges to Indian Innovation • Lack of Dynamism of the Government R&D System • Quality of the Higher Education System • Absence of a Vibrant High- technology Sector • Limited Impact of Government Support Programs • The Science-Technology Divide • Low Magnitude of Spillovers of Foreign R&D Investment • Other Barriers to Innovation More than 90% of the large firms in our sample have introduced Innovations that are new to the company, industry and the Indian market and 42% have introduced Innovations that are new to the global market as well, i.e. 42% of large firms are ‘Highly Innovative’ as defined by NKC for the purposes of this survey. This indicates a high level of international competitiveness in India’s Innovation activities. 4
- 5. Overall.. 5 India Innovation Landscape is an uneven and rugged terrain. There are peaks of success and valleys of depression. In economic terms, India has had impressive growth story, but this growth has been uneven and has not reached all sections of the population. In terms of innovation inputs such as infrastructure, investments and others India continues to lag behind China and western nations. The innovation output is also not remarkable, however India is a very good in Innovation Efficiency.
- 6. A cross-cutting, multipronged strategy is needed to make India’s innovation system better meet the needs of the common people. The proposed system includes: 6 Structures could be reformed and organizational, operational and regional fragmentation should be reduced The co-ordination and steering of policy actions should be strengthened The prioritization and selection of subject matters and contents should be undertaken The exploitation of research and innovation activities could be promoted extensively Universities, polytechnics and public R&D institutes are supported in raising their profiles and specializing in their fields of strength; the quality of research could be improved Steering systems, incentives and the regulatory environment could be developed
- 7. The proposed system will affect the various sectors in a way mentioned below Enhancing organizational and operational structures This could lead to proper management of organizations without any confusions regarding the implementation of any prescribed policies as in where and where to apply. Data records and databases will be updated time to time so that relevant problems are seen beforehand for its solution. Enforcement of Industrial Property Rights, Copyright and Related Rights Should recognize the true value of the invention and accordingly take the action of providing suitable patent or not. Must be able to take action against infringers in order to prevent further infringement and recover the losses incurred from any actual infringement. Intellectual property disputes are in the main matters to be decided under civil law and the judicial system should make every effort to deal with them not only fairly but also expeditiously. Avoiding Litigation Prioritization and selection of subject matters and contents Keeping international trends in context, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has identified core areas where R&D will be stressed on. These include affordable healthcare, sustainable energy, chemistry & environment, smart & functional materials, engineering structures/ design and electronics and earth system science. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research will set up five such institutions in physical and virtual mode. These institutions will study Synthetic and Systems Biology, Bio- Mimetic Materials, Solar Energy, and Manufacturing Technology amongst others. 7
- 8. Further reforms could positively affect the present trends of India in Research and Development Promoting research and innovation activities exploitely Development of competitive industries the diffusion of technologies and best practices in defined segments of a given economy is the most efficient way to increase the performance of firms, and to generate wealth and jobs. developing countries should tap into the tremendous knowledge and technology by adapting resources to their needs and capabilities. Appropriate strategies at the national level Quality of research to be improved Appropriate strategies at the national level should be taken to enhance and inculcate grassroot interest among students. Flexible and autonomous agencies should be encouraged. Research activities, from basic to more applied, need to be adapted to local needs and capabilities. The legal and regulatory environment the strengthening of relevant established institutions to give them the necessary independence, legal and financial resources to accomplish correctly the functions they are supposed to fulfill. the establishment of efficient counter powers, made notably of users of the public services, including entrepreneurs, to get those services better functioning, etc. the implementation of institutional audits, focusing on innovation-related obstacles. 8
- 9. The proposed system on Research and Development will have significant impact on the present trends. 9 Advanced manufacturing, focusing on industry/university partnerships and enabling technologies in robotics, materials, and cyber- physical systems; Clean energy technology and efficiency; Climate change, with emphases on drought, Arctic impacts, and predictive capabilities; Information technology dealing with Big Data and cybersecurity; National security, with emphases on hypersonics, advanced computing, and countering weapons of mass destruction; Biological innovation and neuroscience, referencing the President's BRAIN Initiative and research at the intersection of biology, physical science, and engineering; and STEM education, with particular focus on the Administration's major reorganization of education programs. The reorganization has not been met with great acceptance by Congress, but promises to remain on the agenda next year; Early on in the appropriations cycle, the House targeted a few areas in particular for cuts or constraints, among them low-carbon energy and natural resources. At the same time, other areas like defense and agriculture would be spared deeper cuts. So far, this approach has been borne out in R&D funding. With the Senate continuing to ignore sequestration, the appropriations process has resulted in some areas of agreement, but other areas of clear divergence.
- 10. Appendix References • http://12thplan.gov.in/forum_description.php?f=13 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_research_and_develop ment_spending • http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/special_section.cfm?specialID=40 • “End of R&D” The Hindu, April 2, 2013 • INDIA: New Delhi launches plan to promote food R&D By Raghavendra Verma | 29 June 2011 http://www.just-food.com/news/new-delhi- launches-plan-to-promote-food-rd_id115783.aspx • R&D of emerging economies like India, China & Brazil faster than developed nations: Report PTI Jul 9, 2013, 04.19PM IST 10