Deborah Aleyne Lapeyre - XML: Why and How JATS
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The document discusses the XML Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS), a standardized XML tag set designed for the interchange of journal articles across various platforms and institutions. JATS facilitates open science by ensuring articles are machine-readable, searchable, and compatible with different publishers' practices. It highlights JATS's global adoption among publishers, archives, and libraries, underscoring its importance in modern journal publishing.
Deborah Aleyne Lapeyre - XML: Why and How JATS
- 1. XML: Why and How JATS Deborah A Lapeyre Mulberry Technologies, Inc. 17 West Jefferson Street Rockville, MD 20851 USA dalapeyre@mulberrytech.com Version v1.0 (September 2018) Copyright @2018 Mulberry Technologies, Inc.
- 3. XML: Why and How JATS The XML Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JATS is a standard XML tag set (vocabulary) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JATS defined for interchange of journal articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 How JATS is being used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Why JATS is important? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ubiquity: JATS depth of use/adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 JATS naturalness of use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 JATS helps to enable Open Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Open Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Enabling: Declarative and structural markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Enabling: Semantics and structured metadata for search/data mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 JATS is how the world publishes journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Page i XML: Why and How JATS
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- 5. slide 1 The XML Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) • XML is a language for describing documents • XML markers (tags) are placed into the text of a document • these tags describe the document’s structure and content • computer programs can then process the document in various ways • each kind of document (report, memo, recipe, standard) has different XML tags • JATS is an XML tag set describing journal articles • JATS-specific tags are inserted into an article • used to produce and interchange articles • used to archive and host journal articles slide 2 JATS is a standard XML tag set (vocabulary) (the international language for describing journal articles) JATS is a named collection of XML elements (marked with tags) for describing the structure of one journal article called a “model” of the article • Originally modeled STEM articles (Scientific, Technical, Engineering, Medical) • Now covers all journal types (sociology, economics, soft sciences, etc.) • Models only journal articles, not books, issues of journals, magazines, etc. JATS is an ANSI/NISO standard: ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2015 JATS: Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS V1.1) page 1
- 6. slide 3 JATS defined for interchange of journal articles (article content and article metadata interoperability) • Each publisher/archive/library may use their own XML model • They need to get their articles into the same form of XML: • to exchange information with each other • to put information into a single repository • to sell/display items on the same hosting platform • to share tools and resources • so conversion vendors do not need to learn their particular model slide 4 How JATS is being used • Publishing new content • Converting backfiles • Public archives such as libraries accept or require JATS deposit • Hosting service and web vendor intake • Private and commercial archives ingest JATS page 2 XML: Why and How JATS
- 7. slide 5 Why JATS is important? slide 6 Ubiquity: JATS depth of use/adoption • Most middle-sized/small publishers world-wide use JATS • All of the huge publishers can (and do) make JATS for interchange • SciELO Publishing Schema is a JATS superset • Public and private archives accept (or require) JATS • PubMed Central (US and UK) • British National Library • Australian National Library • US Library of Congress • ITHAKA/JSTOR, and many many more • Conversion vendors all know how to handle JATS • Numerous web-hosting and service vendors require or support JATS • Free, public transforms make CrossRef deposits from JATS page 3 XML: Why and How JATS
- 8. slide 7 JATS naturalness of use Models what publishers are already doing • Models current article publishing practices • does not lead practice, but reflects it • changes as practices change • Tries to preserve current text order (reading sequence) • Should be easy to encode anyone’s journal articles in JATS • Does not typically define or set “Best Practices” • Escape hatch elements for metadata not defined by JATS slide 8 JATS helps to enable Open Science slide 9 Open Data Open Data means that documents should be: • Machine-readable (also hopefully human readable) • Searchable (and mineable) • In a non-proprietary format • Freely available and open (able to be modified) • Platform and vendor neutral Only a publisher can enforce truly Open Data But JATS is a key tool in that effort (providing XML, Unicode, and a public document model with clear semantics) page 4 XML: Why and How JATS
- 9. slide 10 Enabling: Declarative and structural markup • Separates content from presentation/behavior • Tags what something is, not what it looks like/behaves • Therefore multiplicity of output styles/formats/behaviors possible from a single XML source • print in all sizes and styles (branding) • web pages and apps • eBooks • accessible and pronouncing material slide 11 Enabling: Semantics and structured metadata for search/data mining (extensive metadata that travels with the XML article) • Bibliographic metadata for the article (title, authors, abstract, journal info) • Unique identifiers for authors (e.g., ORCID) • Unique identifiers for institutions, funders • Detailed funding description with grant numbers, investigators • Labeled Data Availability Statements • Links that tie terminology to ontologies/taxonomies • Bibliographic references (potentially very detailed) may include data citations • Machine-readable context for efficient searching page 5 XML: Why and How JATS
- 10. slide 12 JATS is how the world publishes journals JATS is no longer one of the cool kids; it’s just what you do if you have journal articles. —Jeff Beck of PubMed Central at JATS-Con 2017 JATS is in use in at least 25 countries world-wide including: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, etc. And SciELO use of JATS may add Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela. (Paraguay soon?) page 6 XML: Why and How JATS