Decision-Making Support in Biometric-Based Physical Access Control Systems
- 1. Decision-Making Support in Biometric-Based Physical Access Control Systems Presented by Sahithi Kotha Linga Srikanth Rohan Department of Computer Science
- 2. Authors and venue Authors: Svetlana N. Yanushkevich Vlad P. Shmerko Oleg Boulanov Adrian Stoica Venue: Research work was conducted at the Biometric Technologies Laboratory of the University of Calgary, Canada; and at the Humanoid Robotics Laboratory at the NASAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Year: 2008
- 3. Agenda 1. Understanding Physical Access Security Systems 2. Exploring Different Types of PASS 3. The Crucial Role of Computer System Architecture 4. Architectural Details 5. Decision-Making Process 6. Decision Strategies 7. Analyzing Strengths and Weaknesses 8. Concluding Remarks
- 4. Physical Access Security Systems Physical Access Security Systems (PASS) are security solutions designed to manage and regulate access to physical locations, buildings, rooms, or restricted areas. They are used to ensure that only authorized individuals can enter specific areas while preventing unauthorized access. PASS employ various authentication methods and technologies to achieve this
- 5. Types 1.Card – Based Systems 2.Biometric Systems 3.Keypad and PIN Systems 4.Biometric Door Locks 5.Mobile – Based Systems
- 6. Role of computer system architecture 1. It defines the hardware and software infrastructure that enables biometric data processing, storage, and decision- making. 2. It determines how efficiently and effectively these systems operate. Computer system architecture influences the speed, accuracy, and reliability of access control processes. 3. It also affects the integration of different security components, such as sensors, databases, and decision-making algorithms, ensuring a seamless and responsive security environment.
- 7. Architecture 1.Structure of the Proposed PASS: The Physical Access Control System (PASS) comprises various components, including sensors like cameras in visible and infrared bands, data processors, a knowledge domain converter, a dialogue support device, and a personal file generating module. Three levels of surveillance are implemented: pre- screening, monitoring during the transition from pre-screened to screened areas, and surveillance during the authorization process at the officer's desk. 2.Personal File Construction: The creation of a personal file involves gathering preliminary information from surveillance in visible and infrared bands. Additionally, information is extracted from observations, conversations, and other available sources.
- 8. 3. Reconfiguration into Training System: The PASS can be reconfigured into a training system known as T-PASS. This reconfiguration allows for real-world training conditions and follows the multitarget platform concept, emphasizing modularity for aggregation and reconfiguration. 4.Screening Process: The screening process in social infrastructures involves three distinct time intervals (T1, T2, and T3). T1 is the pre- screening phase, T2 is for information collection during movement, and T3 involves document checks and authorization. The physical distance between pre-screened and screened areas can provide additional information, such as gait biometrics, which can indicate various physical and psychological conditions.
- 9. 5. Generic Model of PASS: The above figure, illustrating three main data flows. Loop 1 focuses on the professional skills of personnel, while loops 2 and 3 handle biometric data processing and automate decisions related to pattern detection and recognition. The results of biometric data processing must be presented to officers in a comprehensible and actionable format to support dialogue and decision-making.
- 10. Decision making process The devices gathered from the sensors and intelligent data processing for the situational awareness are called decision-making support assistants. These assistants can be based on noninvasive metrics such as 1. Temperature measurement 2. Artificial accessory detection 3. Estimation of drug and alcohol intoxication 4. Estimation of blood pressure and pulse The basic design paradigm of these decision support assistances is the discriminative biometrics.
- 11. Temperature measurement It involves using sensors to determine the temperature measurement is crucial in the health screening process.
- 12. Artificial accessory detection It is used to detect items like masks, prosthetics, or other accessories that may be used to deceive or manipulate security measures.
- 13. Estimation of drug and alcohol intoxication: It involves assessing or measuring the level of influence or impairment in a person caused by the consumption of drugs or alcohol, which can impact their behavior, judgment, and physical abilities, particularly when it comes to issues like safety and security. Estimation of blood pressure and pulse: It refers to the process of measuring and determining an individual's blood pressure and pulse rate. These measurements are essential for assessing a person's cardiovascular health and overall well-being
- 14. Decision Strategy Averaging: In the preprocessing block of a decision support assistant, data collected while observing a pre-screening individual can vary due to factors like their pose, lighting conditions, and other variables. For instance, taking the temperature of an individual may be delayed because of their position in relation to the cameras. During this delay, the equipment processes data from other available sources, like the ear. However, this can sometimes lead to unreliable support decisions for the officer. To address this, adaptive weighted averaging is used, involving both numerical and linguistic averaging produce belief probabilities, which are then converted into linguistic forms for more meaningful representation and decision-making.
- 16. Strengths 1.Enhanced Security: These systems provide a robust defense against unauthorized access, theft, and security breaches, safeguarding valuable assets and sensitive information. 2.Access Control: They offer precise control over who can enter specific areas, ensuring only authorized individuals gain entry. 3.Audit Trail: Many systems maintain detailed logs, enabling organizations to track access history and investigate security incidents. 4.Integration: They can be integrated with other security measures like surveillance cameras and alarms for a comprehensive security solution.
- 17. Weaknesses 1.Cost: Implementing and maintaining these systems can be expensive, especially for larger facilities. 2.Human Error: Misuse of access cards or forgetting to secure access points can lead to vulnerabilities. 3.Maintenance: Regular maintenance is essential to keep the system functioning correctly; failures can lead to security gaps. 4.Vulnerability to Technical Failures: Systems can be vulnerable to technical glitches or power outages, potentially causing disruptions in security.
- 18. Applications 1. Corporate Security: Protecting office buildings, data centers, and sensitive areas within corporate environments. 2. Airports and Transportation: Managing passenger access to secure zones, boarding gates, and aircraft. 3. Healthcare: Ensuring controlled access to medical records, labs, and pharmaceutical storage areas in hospitals and clinics. 4. Smart Homes: Enhancing residential security with biometric access to smart locks and home automation. 5. Educational Institutions: Controlling access to classrooms, labs, and dormitories on campuses. 6. Banking and Finance: Securing bank vaults, data centers, and financial institutions' sensitive zones.
- 19. Conclusion 1. Physical access security systems are crucial for safeguarding physical spaces. 2. They control who enters, preventing unauthorized access. 3. Biometrics and advanced technologies enhance security. 4. Challenges like insufficient information persist. 5. Multidisciplinary approaches are key. 6. These systems offer promising applications and strengths.
- 20. Thank You