Deependra yadav training and development.ppt

ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
SUBMITTED BY –
DEEPENDRA YADAV
MBA 3rd
SEM.
SUBMITTED TO –
DR. SHRESHTHA
SHARMA

INTRODUCTION TO OD
The term organizational development was coined by Richard Beckhard in the mid-
1950s.Organizational development is an acronym of two words i.e., organization
and development.
 Organization: A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet
a need or to pursue collective goals.
 Development: The systematic use of scientific and technical knowledge to
meet specific objectives or requirements.
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT:
 Organization development (OD) is a deliberately planned effort to increase an
organization's relevance and viability.
 Organizational development is the framework for change, and often times a
manager helps to lead this change.

 MEANING OF OD:
 Organization development is known as both a field of applied
behavioral science focused on understanding and managing organizational
change and as a field of scientific study and inquiry.
 OD is a systemic learning and development strategy intended to change
the basics of beliefs, attitudes, and relevance of values and structure of the
current organization to better absorb disruptive technologies, market
opportunities, and ensuing challenges and chaos.
 DEFINITIONS OF OD:
 According to Middlemist and Hitt define “organizational development is a
systematic means for planned change that involves the entire organization and is
intended to increase organizational effectiveness.”
 Cummings and Huse define OD “A system wide application of behavioral
science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of
organizational strategies, structure, and processes for improving an
organization’s effectiveness.”

 Bennis. W define “Organizational development is a response to change,
a complex educational strategy intended to change beliefs, attitudes, values, and
structures of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies,
markets, and challenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself.“
 Cummings and Worley define “"Organization development is a system-
wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development
and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for
improving an organization's effectiveness."

 OBJECTIVES OF OD:
According to somil aseeja, the objective of od is:
 To increase the level of inter-personal trust among employees.
 To increase employee's level of satisfaction and commitment.
 To confront problems instead of neglecting them.
 To effectively manage conflict.
 To increase cooperation among the employees.
 To increase the organization problem solving.
 To put in place process that will help improve the ongoing operation of the
organization on a continuous basis.

ASSUMPTIONS AND VALUES OF OD
ASSUMTIONS
 Individuals:
 People want to grow and mature .
 Employees have much to offer (e.g.
creativity and energy) that is not being
used at work .
 Most employees desire the opportunity
to contribute (they desire, seek and
appreciate empowerment).
 Groups:
 Groups and teams are critical to
organizational success and individual
need satisfaction.
 Groups have powerful influences on
individual behaviour .
 The complex roles to be played in
groups require skill development.
VALUES
 Individuals:
 OD aims to overcome obstacles to the
natural human tendency to grow,
enabling employees to contribute more
to the organization.
 OD stresses open communication,
Treating employees with genuine dignity
and respect is emphasized.
 Groups:
 Hiding feelings or not being accepted by
the group diminishes individual
willingness to solve problems
constructively
 Acceptance, collaboration and
involvement lead to expressions of
feelings and perceptions.

 Organization:
Excessive controls, policies and
rules are detrimental Conflict can be
functional if properly channeled
Individual and organizational goals
can be compatible .
In most organizations, the level of
interpersonal support, trust and
cooperation is lower than desirable
and necessary
 Organization:
The way groups are linked,
influences their Effectiveness,
change should start at the top and
gradually be introduced through the
rest of the organization.
The group links the top and bottom
of the organization

 PROCESS OF OD:
Organization Development (OD) is a planned approach to improve employee
and organizational effectiveness by conscious interventions in those processes and
structures that have an immediate bearing on the human aspect of the organization.
A normal OD process can be phased in following manner:
.
Problem Identification
Data Collection
Diagnosis
Planning and Implementation
Evaluation and Feedback

 Problem identification:
The first step in OD process involves understanding and identification of
the existing and potential problems in the organization. The awareness of the
problem includes knowledge of the possible organizational problems of growth,
human satisfaction, the usage of human resource and organizational
effectiveness.
 Data Collection:
Having understood the exact problem in this phase, the relevant data is
collected through personal interviews, observations and questionnaires.
 Diagnosis:
OD efforts begin with diagnosis of the current situation. Usually, it is not
limited to a single problem. Rather a number of factors like attitudes,
assumption, available resources and management practice are taken into
account in this phase. There are four steps in organizational diagnosis:
 Structural analysis:
Determines how the different parts of the organization are functioning in
terms of laid down goals.

 Process analysis:
Process implies the manner in which events take place in a sequence. It
refers to pattern of decision making, communication, group dynamics and
conflict management patterns within organization to help in the process of
attainment of organizational goals.
 Function analysis:
This includes strategic variables, performance variables, results,
achievements and final outcomes.
 Domain analysis:
Domain refers to the area of the organization for organizational
diagnosis.
 Planning and implementation:
After diagnosing the problem, the next phase of OD, with the OD
interventions, involves the planning and implementation part of the change
process.
 Evaluation and feedback:
Any OD activity is incomplete without proper feedback. Feedback is a
process of relaying evaluations to the client group by means of specific report
or interaction

EFFECTIVENESS OF OD
Humanistic values underlie OD. Margulies and Raia articulated the humanistic
values of OD as follows:
 Providing opportunities for people to function as human beings rather than as
resources in the productive process.
 Providing opportunities for each organization member, as well as for the
organization itself, to develop to his full potential.
 Seeking to increase the effectiveness of the organization in terms of all of its goals.
 Attempting to create an environment in which it is possible to find exciting and
challenging work.
 Providing opportunities for people in organizations to influence the way in which
they relate to work, the organization, and the environment.
 Treating each human being as a person with a complex set of needs, all of which
are important in his or her work and life.

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