Delivering accessible content from Social Semantic Information Sources through Adaptive Hypermedia

Delivering accessible content from Social Semantic Information Sources through Adaptive Hypermedia Filip Maciej Czaja Filip Maciej Czaja [email_address] SemInf, 23.05.2007

Presentation outline Informal Knowledge Social Semantic Information Sources (SSIS) Accessibility and WAI Initiative Adaptive Hypermedia (AH) SSIS as dataset for AH Future work

Motivation Many information sources are not fully exploited. Access to the web is still hard for disabled people. Interesting adaptive hypermedia techniques work only on prepared datasets. Semantic information is often omitted in content adaptation process.

Informal knowledge Over 70% of our knowledge comes from informal sources Everybody use them Not well structured No extensive documentation Example: wikis, blogs, youtube, ...

Social Semantic Information Sources Compilation of Semantic Web and social networking Combine advantages of Web 2.0 and SW Resources and people related to the resources are linked together Semantic plugins available for most popular blogging frameworks, wikis, etc. Common examples: semantic wikis, semantic blogs, semantic digital libraries (JeromeDL)

Model of SSIS Common components between SSIS: Content Traditional content description (title, authors, ... ) Semantic description (semantic metadata) Semantic annotations Aspect of user's collaboration SIOC ontology for modelling SSIS

Accessibility Many various aspects of “accessibility” What kind of accessibility do we mean? Real life accessibility aspects: Transportation Housing ... Most common aspect of accessibility in Web: making the use of Web resources possible for disabled people

Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Introduced by World Wide Consortium (W3C) WAI aims at improving Web accessibility by developing the following products: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG)

WAI vs. Rich Internet Applications Rich Internet applications: DHTML, AJAX, ... Accessibility problems because of the (X)HTML limitations Rich content not accessible for screen readers Beauty & Usability & Innovation vs. Accessibility WAI works on guidelines for Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) providing information about user interface controls to assistive technologies Roles, properties and states Easy to apply

Adaptive hypermedia Regular hypermedia structure base on large set of documents (text, media, etc.) linked together. Adaptive hypermedia: Concept of AH does not introduce any revolutionary technology Techniques for adaptive content presentation and navigation based on model of the user AH Techniques designed mostly for specially prepared hypermedia content (additional annotations, many variants of the same concept, etc.)

Adaptive hypermedia systems “ By adaptive hypermedia systems we mean all hypertext and hyper-media systems which respect some features of the user in the user model and apply this model to adapt various visible aspects of the system to the user.” Peter Brusilovsky 3 basic criteria for AH systems: work on hypertext or hypermedia dataset use a user model as a source of information about user's needs and preferences should be able to adapt the data it works on (hypertext/hypermedia dataset) to user's needs according to the information extracted from user's mode

Adaptive Hypermedia: user model Most common aspects used while modelling user in Adaptive Hypermedia systems:

Adaptable elements and methods Presentation additional explanation prerequisite/comparative explanations explanation variants sorting Navigation global guidance local guidance global orientation support local orientation support managed personalized views

Adaptive Hypermedia Challenges How to use existing information sources, which are not prepared for AH purposes? How to convince authors to put extra effort? Use of Adaptive Hypermedia in case of: systems without limited, predefined set of tasks fuzzy and constantly changing goals User modelling related issues: defining goals, knowledge, ... gathering data keeping data up to date

SSIS as dataset for AH Possible use of existing information sources in AH systems without any manual data transformation Which AH techniques can we use to improve browsing of SSIS (presentation, navigation, ...)? Content is not prepared for AH purposes but contains semantic information Reasoning over semantic metadata and annotations used for AH purposes: comparative explanation additional information explanation variants ...

IKAR – Informal Knowledge Adapter Prototype for adaptation of presentation of SSIS content Part of Didaskon eLearning Framework Didaskon prepares content of SSIS basing on their semantic annotations and common structure Content of SSIS delivered as Learning Object Metadata (LOM standard) User modelling basing on FOAFRealm component Adheres to WAI guidelines

IKAR: idea and techniques Uses AH Strechtext technique for providing additional explanation 3 classes of links:known, unknown and external Default adaptation: Known links collapsed Unknown links expanded 2 display modes: regular (additional explanations injected into content) sidenotes mode Accessibility WAI-ARIA guidelines applied: roles, properties and states Automatic content transformation according to WCAG 1.0

IKAR: default adaptation example

Future work Possible use of other AH techniques, also for navigation. Improvement of Accessibility Adaptation engine. Applying SSIS to real life eLearning scenarios as support or extension for formal knowledge

Delivering accessible content from Social Semantic Information Sources through Adaptive Hypermedia

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