Dementia Introduction Nursing

Dementia is a syndrome involving the deterioration of memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. It has various etiologies including hypoglycemia, arteriosclerosis, hydrocephalus, hypoxic or anoxic states, toxins, brain tumors, trauma, infections, genetic causes, and vitamin deficiencies. Diagnostic investigations include clinical history, neuroimaging, blood and CSF tests, and neurophysiology studies. Treatment involves managing symptoms, ensuring safety, providing structure, and addressing needs like nutrition, hygiene, toileting, and preventing accidents and wandering. Nursing care focuses on maintaining routines, orientation, proper nutrition, personal hygiene, toileting, fluid intake, and preventing injuries.