Design and implementation of microstrip antenna for

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 260
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR
WIRELESS APPLICATION IN UWB REGION
D.Nivitha1
, S.Vijayakumar2
, Reeba Korah3
1
PG Student, Department of ECE, Ganadipathy Tulsi’s Jain Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Ganadipathy Tulsi’s Jain Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Professor, Department of ECE, St.Joseph’s College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
A Ultra Wide Band Antenna (UWB) with notched band is proposed and to be analyzed. It consists of square radiating Patch and the
grounded plane. The Notched band characteristics are analyzed using T-shaped stubs embedded in the square slot of the radiation
patch and a pair of U-shaped parasitic strips beside the feed line. The results that are to be measure using the proposed notched-band
planar antenna is the rejection of the bands,3.3-4.0 GHz (WiMAX),5.05-5.90 GHz (WLAN),5.5 GHz (DSRC) and 6.2-9.5 GHz (FIXED
WIRELESS AND RADIO LOCATION) respectively. And to offer dedicated service in three bands. Both experimental and simulated
results of the proposed antenna are to be analyzed indicating that the antenna is attracted for various UWB Applications.
Keywords: riple notched bands, Ultrawide band (UWB) Antenna, Microstrip Antenna.
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1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, wireless communication is becoming more
popular. The technologies for wireless communication are
increasing day by day to satisfy higher resolution and data rate
requirements. In recent years communication is carried out in
ultra wideband (UWB) region, where high data transmission
rates, low power consumption and simple hardware
configuration is achieved. Radio frequency spectrum is spread
from 3 KHz to 300 KHz. Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) approved the rules for the commercial use
of ultra wide band (UWB) in 2002. The frequency range of
UWB region is 3.1-10.6 GHz.UWB pulses are very short.
Hence the signal reflections does not overlap also multipath
fading of narrow band signals does not exsist.
The Ultra wideband characteristics are suitable for short
distance communication, such as PC peripherals. Hence UWB
systems tend to be in short-range in indoor applications.
Because of short duration of UWB pulses, it is easier to
produce high data rates. Communication can be carried out
using UWB region for radio frequency sensitive environment,
in case of hospitals. Various antennas for wide band operation
have been studied for communications and radar systems. The
design of ultra wideband is complicated due to its size, cost
and simplicity which is to be achieved.
One of the key issue in design of ultra wideband antenna is
providing wide band characteristics over the whole operating
band. Some of the wide band configurations of antenna are
circular, rectangle, hexagonal, pentagonal have been proposed
for UWB applications. Nowadays double notched and triple
notched band antenna are gaining more importance. In this
design, the microstrip UWB antenna with band notched
characteristics is presented.
To achieve the band notched characteristics, a square slot is
itched in the rectangular radiating patch. T-stubs and U-stubs
are introduced in the patch and the feed line respectively. The
notched bands are introduced at the following regions, DSRC
[12], WiMAX, WLAN [13],FIXED WIRELESS AND
RADIO LOCATION, in order to provide dedicated
communication without overlapping with neighbouring
regions. The antenna is designed and fabricated to demonstrate
the proposed strategy. The proposed antenna is to be simulated
using CST microwave studio, one commercial 3-D full-wave
electromagnetic simulation software.
2. GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE
ANTENNA
The rectangular microstrip antenna is fabricated on FR4
substrate with dielectric constant of 4.5 and thickness of
0.1mm. The microstrip antenna has three layers. Top layer is
the radiating patch, middle layer is the substrate and the
bottom layer is the ground plane. The top patch and ground
plane are made up of copper.
The middle layer is made up of FR 4 substrate [4]-[11]. In
order to connect the transmitter and receiver, transmission line
is a mandatory. Since antennas are high frequency
components, transmission line effects are very important. The
transmission line used here is microstrip transmission line to
feed the antennas. Waveguide port is used for the propagation

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of power into the system from outside. The port construction
is shown in figure 1.
Fig-1: Port Construction of UWB Antenna
The frequency of operation of the antenna depends upon the
length and width of the antenna. The length and width of the
antenna can be calculated using equations given below.
𝒇 𝒄 ≈
𝒄
𝟐𝑳 𝜺 𝒓
=
𝟏
𝟐𝑳 𝜺 𝒐 𝜺 𝒓 𝝁 𝒐
𝑾 =
𝑪
𝟐𝒇 𝒓
𝟐
𝜺 𝒓 + 𝟏
Where c=3*108
m/s,εr=4.5
3. MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH BAND
NOTCHED STRUCTURES
Fig-2: Configuration of Antenna with Notched Bands
The proposed microstrip UWB antenna with band notched
structures is shown in figure 2. Notch bands are achieved by
introduction of T-shaped stubs and U-shaped stubs. The T-
stubs are introduced in the itched slot in the radiating patch.U-
shaped slots are introduced near the feed line of the UWB
antenna [13]. The antenna with central operating frequencies 6
GHz,8.4 GHz are obtained. The notched band and the
operating frequency of the antenna are analysed using the
return loss plot. The fabricated Antenna is shown in figure 3.
Notched band is calculated using the formula given below
𝒇 𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒄𝒉 =
𝑪
𝟐𝑳 𝜺 𝒓
Where L-Length of the stub (L1+2*L2) ;εr=4.5;c-speed of the
light.
Fig-3: Fabricated Antenna
4. ANTENNA DIMENSIONS
Based on the frequency of operation and notched frequency
the length and width of the antenna and the slots that is to be
introduced are found. The dimensions of antenna are as
follows, L=16; W=13; m=14; n=6.5; a=2; b=2; s=16;
u=4;f=13.5;h=4.5;Mt=0.1;c=4;g=0.8;j=2;i=0.4;U1=6.6;U2=5.
5. RETURN LOSS PLOT
The Notched bands are found using the return loss plot.
Return loss is the loss of signal power from the reflection from
transmission line/optical fiber. The impedance matching can
be measured from return loss plot. The device/load generates
the waves, which interferes with the waves generated from
other side. If both the waves interferes together, then standing
waves are produced. If the return loss increases,the standing
waves produced are minimized. The matching of devices and
lines are analysed using return loss plot. Return loss is releated
to standing wave ratio (SWR) and the reflection co-
efficient.Return loss is found using the formula,
𝑹 𝑳 𝒅𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏𝟎
𝑷𝒊
𝑷 𝒓
Pi - incident power
Pr - reflected power

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Mathematically, return loss is calculated using,
𝑹𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏𝟎 𝑺 𝟏𝟏 𝒅𝑩
Where S11 (complex number) here represents the input port
(Scattering parameter of input port). Return loss is closely
related to scattering parameter. This is used to model high
frequency N-port liner electrical network. The S-parameter are
arranged in the form of matrix. S-matrix consist of
𝑁2
elements of N-port networks.The designed antenna has
only one input port, hence only one port S11 is considered here.
The S11 is otherwise known as reflection co-efficient. When
the magnitude of S11 expressed in decibel, it is known as
return loss of input port.
Return loss plot is the plot of frequency (GHz) in x-axis and
return loss (S11) in y-axis. Using this plot we can conclude
whether the antenna is single band or multi band antenna. The
figure 4 below shows the return loss plot of designed antenna.
The three peaks here shows the rejection of three frequencies
3.3-4.0 GHz (WiMAX) and 5.05-5.90GHz (WLAN),5.5GHz
(DSRC),6.2-9.5 GHz (FIXED WIRELSS AND RADIO
LOCATION) respectively. From the figure below we
conclude the antenna is multi band antenna.
Fig-4: S11 (Return loss) plot. B and rejection characteristics
of UWB Antenna
6. VSWR PLOT
VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. VSWR is
the reflection co-efficient, which describes the power reflected
from the antenna. The VSWR is always real and positive. The
antenna is well matched to the transmission line and the power
delivered is high for smaller values of VSWR. No power is
reflected from the antenna in the ideal case, when VSWR is
1.0. The value can range till 7.0. In our case the VSWR value
is 2. Hence the designed antenna is efficient for UWB
communication. The figure 5 below shows the VSWR plot of
the designed antenna. Figure 6a and 6b shows the VSWR at
the specific operating frequency.
Fig-5: VSWR Plot
Fig-6a: VSWR plot at the operating frequency
Fig-6b: VSWR plot at the operating frequency
7. GAIN
The term Gain in antenna refers to the directivity and electrical
efficiency of the antenna. The antenna gain is usually
measured in terms of dBi. The gain obtained at different
frequency of operation is shown in figure 7.The variation of
gain can be observed clearly. However the operating regions
have positive gain. The entire gain variation is less than 3 dBi.

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Fig-7: Gain of the Antenna
8. RADIATION PATTERN
The term radiation pattern is otherwise called as far-field
pattern (farthest region away from antenna, irrespective of the
distance).The distribution of field and power are independent
of distance. It refers to the angular (directional) dependence of
the strength of radio waves from the antenna (power radiated
from the antenna).The radiation / farfield pattern of the
designed UWB Antenna is shown in figure 8a and 8b.The
polar plot of far-field at central operating frequency at 6 GHz
and 8.4 GHz is shown in figure 9a and 9b respectively.
Fig-8a: Radiation Pattern at 6 GHz
Fig-8b: Radiation pattern at 8.4 GHz
Fig-9a: Polar plot of the farfield at 6 GHz
Fig-9b: Polar plot of the farfield at 8.4 GHz
9. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
In this paper UWB antenna with triple band notched
characteristics used for UWB applications has been simulated.
By introducing the T-shaped and U-shaped stubs in the
radiating patch and near the feed line, stop bands for
applications of WiMAX , WLAN, DSRC and FIXED
WIRELESS AND RADIO LOCATION are created. This
simulated UWB antenna has high rejection band in UWB
region and it is converted into printed antenna by the process

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of fabrication. The printed antenna is to be tested under EMC
(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility) region, in order to avoid
interference. The designed and simulated antenna results are to
be compared.
REFERENCES
[1] John D Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka, Ahmad S Khan.
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Park, “A filter and the time-domain characteristics,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 54, no. 5, pp.
1453–1460, May 2006.
[3] Miniature UWB planar monopole antenna with 5-GHz
band-rejection Y. C. Lin and K. J. Hung, “Compact
ultra-wideband rectangular aperture antenna and band-
notched designs,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag., vol.
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[4] K. H. Kimand S. O. Park, “Analysis of the small band-
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[5] J. Liu, S. Gong, Y.Xu,X. Zhang, C. Feng, andN.Qi,
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[9] J. Jung, W. Choi, and J. Choi, “A small wideband
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[10] Ali Foudazi, Hamid Reza Hassani and Sajad
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[12] R.Azim and M.T.Islam,Institue of Space
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[13] Wen Jiang and Wenquan Che ,”A Novel UWB
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