Design and Implementation of Smart Car Driving

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
ISSN: 2394-3696
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2 FEB.-2015
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Design and Implementation of Smart Car Driving
Kulkarni S.D.
Shendge P.S
Dixit P.K.
Raut S.A
Jadhav D.A.
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, BMIT, Solapur
Abstract
In this paper the system used which consist of different types of sensors such as alcohol sensor, eye blink
sensor, tilt sensor and also mainly used GSM modem, GPS receiver. The eye blink sensor is used to sense
the person driving the vehicle is sleeping or not. Tilt sensor is used to identify weather the vehicle is
running in normal condition or not when the accident occurs. it send the information to the controller
system. The Alcohol Sensor is used to sense weather the person driving the car taken Alcohol or not and
this data is also given to ADC. The ADC is used in this system because the signal comes from the Sensor
are analog in nature, so we want to convert the analog signals into digital signal for this purpose ADC is
used. GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle
location, mapping and reporting this information value.
Key words— Microcontroller, Alcohol Sensor, Eye blink sensor, Tilt sensor, GPS & GSM module.
INTRODUCTION
The Objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and protect it by the
occupation of the intruder.
“Driving to save lives, time, and money in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others.”
This is the slogan for Defensive Driving. Vehicle accidents are most common if the driving is inadequate.
These happen on most factors if the driver is drowsy or if he is alcoholic. Driver drowsiness is recognized
as an important factor in the vehicle accidents. It was demonstrated that driving performance deteriorates
with increased drowsiness with resulting crashes constituting more than 20% of all vehicle accidents. But
the life lost once cannot be re-winded. Advanced technology offers some hope avoid these up to some
extent. This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is
used to transmit the infrared rays in our eye. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays of
eye. If the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low.
This to know the eye is closing or opening position. This output is give to logic circuit to indicate the
alarm. This project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye blink. Here one eye
blink sensor is fixed in vehicle where if anybody looses conscious and indicate through alarm. A car
simulator study was designed to collect physiological data for validation of this technology. Methodology
for analysis of physiological data, independent assessment of Driver drowsiness and development of
drowsiness detection algorithm by means of sequential fitting and selection of regression models is
presented.
Methods:
The following method are used,
1. Alcohol sensor 2. Eye blinking sensor 3.Tilt sensor 4. GPS & GSM module

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1. ALCOHOL SENSOR:
Sensitive material of MQ-2 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the
target combustible gas exist, the sensor’s conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising.
Please use simple electronic circuit, Convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas
concentration. MQ-2 gas sensor has high sensitivity to LPG, Propane and Hydrogen, also could be used to
Methane and other combustible steam, it is with low cost and suitable for different application.
Fig (1): Alcohol Sensor [1-5]
An alcohol sensor is a device which detects the presence of alcohol within an area, usually as part of a
safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect an alcohol and interface with a control system so a
process can be automatically shut down. An alcohol sensor can also sound an alarm to operators in the
area where the detect is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave the area. This type of device is
important because the alcohol can be harmful to organic life, such as humans.[2]
2. EYE BLINK SENSOR:
This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is used to
transmit the infrared rays in our eye. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays of eye. If
the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low. This to
know the eye is closing or opening position. This output is give to logic circuit to indicate the alarm. This
project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye blink. Here one eye blink sensor is
fixed in vehicle where if anybody looses conscious and indicate through alarm. Infrared transmitter is one
type of LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver is used to
receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important point is both
IR transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to each other.
Fig(2): Eye blink sensor[1-5]

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The transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the signal is high, the IR transmitter LED is
conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver. The IR receiver is connected with comparator. The
comparator is constructed with LM 358 operational amplifier. In the comparator circuit the reference
voltage is given to inverting input terminal. The non inverting input terminal is connected IR receiver.
When interrupt the IR rays between the IR transmitter and receiver, the IR receiver is not conducting. So
the comparator non inverting input terminal voltage is higher than inverting input. Now the comparator
output is in the range of +5V. This voltage is given to microcontroller or PC and led so led will glow.
When IR transmitter passes the rays to receiver, the IR receiver is conducting due to that non inverting
input voltage is lower than inverting input. Now the comparator output is GND. So the output is given to
microcontroller or PC. This circuit is mainly used to for counting application, intruder detector etc.[3]
3. TILT SENSOR:
Fig (3): Tilt Sensor[1-5]
Tilt sensors are devices that produce an electrical signal that varies with an angular movement. These
sensors are used to measure slope and tilt within a limited range of motion. Sometimes, the tilt sensors are
referred to as inclinometers because the sensors just generate a signal but inclinometers generate both
readout and a signal. It is composed of sealed glass tuve, electrode and mercury. Circuit on &off, free
angle, flexible control can be achieved by liquidity of mercury. High temperature fire and making, it can
be made any shape. Widely used on control of water level (liquid level), warning device, checkout gear,
communication equipment, instrumentation and etc to transmit signal and control.
Fig (4): Working Of Tilt Sensor [1-5]
These sensors consist of a rolling ball with a conductive plate beneath them. When the sensor gets power,
the rolling ball falls to the bottom of the sensor to form an electrical connection. When the sensor is tilted,
the rolling ball doesn’t fall to the bottom so that the current cannot flow the two end terminals of the
sensor.[5]

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4. GPS AND GSM:
Fig (5): GSM Module [1-5]
The system can correctly send the position of vehicle to the server center by GPS positioning. The GPS
module obtains the precise locality by parsing received GPS signal. The GPS module can receive the data
by connected to microcontroller development-board through RS232 port. When the microcontroller chip
sends the instruction to GPS module, the GPS module starts receiving the data and saves it into memory.
This instruction sends the region information with the vehicle license information to the support-server
center through GSM net. Because the system is based on GPS data which is sent through GPRS net, it
must be initialed at first. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network.
Fig (6): GPS Module [1-5]
A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives
data through radio waves. The GSM module can send the information out b SMS message, including real
time position of the “lost” car and even the images of “the driver”. A GSM modem is a wireless modem
that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main
difference between them is that a dial up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line
while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. A GSM modem can be an external
device or a PC Card / PCMCIA Card. Typically, an external GSM modem is connected to a computer
through a serial cable or a USB cable.[4]

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Fig (7): GPS and GSM System [1-5]
5. MICROCONTROLLER 89S52:
Fig.(8) Block Diagram
The Atmel AT89 series is an Intel 8051-compatible family of 8 bit microcontrollers (µCs) manufactured
by the Corporation. Based on the Intel 8051 core, the AT89 series remains very popular as general purpose
microcontrollers, due to their industry standard instruction set, and low unit cost. This allows a great
amount of legacy code to be reused without modification in new applications. While considerably less
powerful than the newer AT90 series of AVR RISC microcontrollers, new product development has
continued with the AT89 series for the aforementioned advantages. All four ports in the AT89C51 and
AT89C52 are bidirectional. Each consists of a latch (Special Function Registers P0 through P3), an output
driver, and an input buffer. The output drivers of Ports 0 and 2, and the input buffers of Port 0, are used in
accesses to external memory. In this application, Port 0 outputs the low byte of the external memory
address, time-multiplexed with the byte being written or read. Port 2 outputs the high byte of the external
memory address when the address is 16 bits wide. Otherwise the Port 2 pins continue to emit the P2 SFR
content. All the Port 3 pins, and two Port 1 pins (in the AT89C52) are multifunctional. The alternate
functions can only be activated if the corresponding bit latch in the port SFR contains a 1. Otherwise the
port pin is stuck at 0. It has less complex feature than other microprocessor.[1]

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LITERATURE REVIEW:
This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is used to
transmit the infrared rays in our eye. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays of eye. If
the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low.This to
know the eye is closing or opening position This output is give to logic circuit to indicate the alarm. This
project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye blink. Here one eye blink sensor is
fixed in vehicle where if anybody looses conscious and indicate through alarm. A car simulator study was
designed to collect physiological data for validation of this technology. Methodology for analysis of
physiological data, independent assessment of driver drowsiness and development of drowsiness
detection algorithm by means of sequential fitting and selection of regression models is presented.
SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE:
The Objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and protect it by the
occupation of the intruders. Involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye blink.
PROPOSED WORK:
It is due to the driver’s fatigue, traffic accidents keep with a yearly increasing of a high rate. This paper
shows the new fatigue detection algorithms & techniques using eye blink, alcohol, Tilt etc. sensors. In this
technique the fatigue will be detected immediately and regular traps the events driver and third party.
Through research presented in this paper, we propose an intelligent car system for accident prevention and
making the world a much better and safe place to live.
RESULT:
If the alcohol is detected in humans breathe then the car will be stop or will not be start. While driving if
driver is sleeping then the car will automatically stop and driver is alerts by buzzer. In case if accident
occurs then using GPS and the position and location of the car is detected and using GSM module the
message of particular location is send to the relatives of the driver.
CONCLUSION:
Accidents occurred due to drowsy and driver cant able to control the vehicle, when he/she wakes. The
drowsiness is identified by the eye blink closure and blinking frequency through infrared sensor worn by
driver by means of spectacles frame. The alcohol consumption is also verified during the starting process
of the vehicle using alcohol detector.
If the driver is drunk then the buzzer indicates and the vehicle does not allow the driver to start the vehicle
after collecting all information which is stored in internal memory, μC send this data to base or
surveillance unit via SMS using GSM modem. The GPS smart receiver features the 16channels, Ultra low
power GPS architecture.
REFERENCES:
[1] Nisha singh1, Sr. Asst. Prof. Ravi Mishra 2 Microcontroller Based Wireless Temperature
Read-Out Vol. 3, Issue 1 (Jan. 2013), ||V5|| PP 01-06
[2] S.P. Bhumkar1, V.V. Deotare2, R.V.Babar3 Accident Avoidance and detection of alcohol on
highways International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume3Issue2- 2012
ISSN: 2231

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[3] B.Praveenkumar, K.Mahendrakan Prevention of Accident avoidance and detection of eye blink
on highways International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume3Issue2- 2012
ISSN: 2231.
[4] S.P. Bhumkar1, V.V. Deotare2, R.V.Babar3 Accident avoidance and detection on highways
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume Issue2- 2012 ISSN:
2231-5381
[5] www.elprocus.com/tilt-sensor-types-working-principle-and-its-applications

Design and Implementation of Smart Car Driving

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Design and Implementation of Smart Car Driving