Design Model of Photovoltaic System using PID Controlled Multi Level Inverter

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 6 Issue 4, May-June 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50071 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2022 Page 495
Design Model of Photovoltaic System using
PID Controlled Multi-Level Inverter
Farman Fayaz, Nirma Kumari Sharma, Deepak Kumar Joshi
Department of Electrical Engineering, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
Solar energy is considered as the energy that will rule the world in
coming time Various modern algorithms have been designed by
different researchers to get the maximum output from the PV such as
incremented conductance method, perturbing and observing method,
sweeping current type method, constant voltage type method, and
comparison method etc. various authors intend to produce a better
algorithm - reliable and efficient to suck the maximum possible
energy from the PV panel. It is obvious that though renewable energy
is available at free of cost it involves much of capital cost. Hence it is
very important to improve its efficiency. Since these energies are
natural resources, the availability is not constant. There will be
always fluctuations in the output. The paper presents different stages
of Solar Power plant are combined and a simulation of PV power
system integrated with grid is implemented and all the results are
displayed for the comparison. The results obtained have shown the
robustness in term of THD level, stability of different parameters,
and the tuned D.C. Voltage of the PV system with maximum power
of the PV capacity.
How to cite this paper: Farman Fayaz |
Nirma Kumari Sharma | Deepak Kumar
Joshi "Design Model of Photovoltaic
System using PID Controlled Multi-
Level Inverter"
Published in
International Journal
of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-6 |
Issue-4, June 2022, pp.495-499, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50071.pdf
Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an
Open Access article
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I. INTRODUCTION
The Study of Photo Voltaic System Integrated with
power Grid is targeted on renewable energy system
branch due to its numerous advantages. The
advantages of renewable energy sources are such as it
solves the environmental issues by helping the
environment to keep clean. It helps in preserving of
non-renewable sources for future generation as they
are limited source of energy. It does not require much
of running cost. The capacity of this renewable source
of generating plants range can vary from smaller to
bigger one and it can be installed very easily
according to the availability of the source and
location.
The points which are discussed above are the root
cause of search of renewable source of energy
conversion techniques. The sun (Solar) energy has a
huge demand (Potential) in future that, it is naturally
available and this never ends up (or) never goes to out
of stock condition. The fossil fuels which are
considered to be the main source of energy are now a
day’s slowly getting decayed in availability and it has
the ability to become the fuel (Source) for the future.
The main advantages of renewable energy sources are
that, it is naturally available and this never ends up
(or) never goes to out of stock condition. The fossil
fuels which are considered to be the main source of
energy are now a day’s slowly getting decayed in
availability.
Not only the unavailability of the fossil fuels is the
reason behind switching to renewable energy sources
but also the pollution produced. The by-products of
produced by these fossil fuels are dangerous to the
environment and to the humans. This forces any
country to adopt clean and green energy techniques
and mechanisms. As the present environmental
condition forces us to move towards the green energy,
we are in the situation to adopt renewable energy
which is an important life saving energy. When this
type of energies are targeted to produce in large
amount of electricity then there are various problems
arises such as poor efficiency, energy storage issues
(due to unavailability of large capacity of energy
storage device) etc. The continuous variation in the
input source (especially in Solar energy due to
IJTSRD50071

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
variation in the sun radiation) (Saket et al., 2016)
connecting to ON grid is the biggest problem. Due to
synchronisation issue between ON grid system and
the power plant output it end up with poor efficiency.
This poor efficiency makes the payback period too
long. And application of energy efficient techniques
increases the plant cost which may not be affordable.
The recent study reveals that in India in the upcoming
years the demand of the electricity by the consumers
will be increased due to increase in huge population
potential. Even some studies have been witnessed that
in the year of 2025 the electricity requirement by the
consumers of India will be increased by a factor of
2.25 (Dasha et al., 2015). And by this factor it is
almost the demand requirement is more than the
double as the present requirement. Now a day’s the
renewable energies is the life saving energy which are
playing a vital role.
II. Literature Survey
The connection topologies of PV system are different
types. The different topologies of connections of PV
systems have its own their merits and demerits. And
also it has its own technical challenges, technical
benefits in terms of efficiency and other technical
aspects. The different PV system connection
topologies are centralised topology, master slave
topology, string type topology, team type topology,
multi string type topology and modular type topology
(Kannabiran et al., 2016). The study of most
possibility of impacts of PV system on network of
existing commercial grid system is considered. This
study is useful in providing best operational solutions
for the problem of impact on grid system. The major
electrical impacts of characteristics are considered as
follows, availability of the plant, capacity of the PV
plant, Penetration level of the PV plant, short term
fluctuation level of the PV plant, suitability of the PV
system etc. are the factors.
Apart from the electric quantity impacts some other
general impacts are also affects the grid connected
system and they are, optimal placement of
Photovoltaic system, defined sizing of the
Photovoltaic system and sustainable suitability of
output power usage of the Photovoltaic system
(Omran et al., 2010). The impacts of high voltage
levels and large scale Photovoltaic system penetration
on the stability and security of power system are
discussed in reference (Seo et al., 2009). The large
scale PV generation also affects the electric quality,
voltage & frequency stability, power flow control,
latest necessities to power system test environment
and simulation technologies requirement, codes and
standards for revising the operational standards as per
the updated systems, dispatching methods are
discussed in reference (Prajna et al., 2010).
The experimental results of reference (Ayaz et al.,
2015) shows that the without disturbing the specific
required criteria in the standards, the grid connected
multilevel inverter in capable of detecting islanding
condition and then it start activate the protective
devices. The effective islanding feed forward
compensation also gas been proposed in it. As a first
step the algorithm of MPPT can be made with hybrid
combination so that the smart way of switching can
be possible so that the assurance towards the
maximum power harvesting for a longer period
efficiently. An efficient way of achieving the above
said point is by having hybrid algorithm with soft
switching technology for achieving maximum
efficiency under different climate conditions. By this
method the duty cycle of (DC-DC) converter can be
easily changed or modified automatically according
to level of requirement (Henrique et al., 2009). There
is another researcher who has proved that hybrid
algorithm switching technology between P&O and
constant voltage algorithm improves the efficiency
significantly (Carols et al., 2017). The different
researches have been carried out using P & O and
INC methods of MPPT algorithms (Ramalu et al.,
2016). The latest approach in this field of research is
that an artificial intelligence technique based
algorithms such as use of techniques called fuzzy
logic control, neural network control, soft computing
technique, ARDUINO platform technique etc. (Kim
et al., 2017).
III. Methodology
A simple H-bridge generally consists of three level
inverter build in it. So n case if the more level of
inverter operation is needed then the more number of
conventional H bridge inverter can be assembled in
series or parallel to obtain more than three level
inverters. The more the number of inverter level then
it also requires the number of switching devices
accordingly hence the number of switching devices
required for five level will be as double as three level
inverter. As we know that the inverters well
controlled as per the required signals using PI or PID
controllers hence it requires PWM generation circuits.
So the more the number of level of inverter the more
PWM generation circuits according to the level
needed by the logical operators through the carrier
signal. Figure 1 shows the MATLAB Simulink model
of the multi-level (five level) inverter which consist
of conventional H bridge inverter

Figure 1 Matlab simulation of 5-Level Multi level inverter
Fig 2 Represenatation of pulse given to inverter
Fig 1 shows the Matlab simulation of 5 level multi level inverter and Fig 2 shows the pulse given to the inverter.
Fig 4:- Voltage waveform
Fig 4 depicts the voltage waveform at the end of inverter.
IV. Result :-
The specifications can be varied and adjusted according to the requirements. To obtain the stable output the
specifications are adjusted accordingly. The PID controller which is designed is adopted with the MATLAB
simulation realisation of multilevel inverter and its responses are displayed for the comparison. It can be
observed from Fig 6 that the performance of the circuit has been increased with the proposed mythology. The
Proposed complete simulation model with best possible combination of proficient techniques at several levels of
the PV based power plant is simulated and results are presented.

Fig 5:- Matlab Simulink of multi-level inverter with PID Controller
Fig 6:- Performance of Circuit with PID Controller
V. References
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[2] Abhishek Dash and Sandip Ghosh. (2015)
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[3] Ahmed, A., Abdelhalim, Z. and Ahmed, A.
(2012) ‘Simulation and implementation of grid
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Computer Applications. 60(4). Pp.542-550.
[4] Siddique and G. S. Yadava, “A Review of
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