Design Pattern
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This document discusses design patterns, including their definition, elements, and relationship to frameworks. It provides an overview of design patterns, describing them as general and reusable solutions to common software problems. The document outlines the core elements of patterns, such as their name, problem, context, solution, and examples. It also discusses different categories of patterns, such as creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.
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Design Pattern
- 1. Design Pattern From Theory to Practice Thomas Wiradikusuma [email_address] www.wiradikusuma.com Presentation to the 21 st Java User Group Meet Up (JaMU), August 12, 2006
- 2. Agenda Introduction to design pattern Some implementations in Java Study group
- 3. Objective To emphasize the importance of design patterns to develop better software.
- 4. Introduction to Design Pattern Design pattern is a general repeatable solution to a commonly-occurring problem in software design. Old idea, made popular by Gamma et al (Design Patterns -- Elements of Reusable Software, 1995).
- 5. Characteristics of Patterns Good patterns do the following: It solves a problem: Patterns capture solutions, not just abstract principles or strategies. It is a proven concept: Patterns capture solutions with a track record, not theories or speculation. The solution isn't obvious: Many problem-solving techniques (such as software design paradigms or methods) try to derive solutions from first principles. The best patterns generate a solution to a problem indirectly -- a necessary approach for the most difficult problems of design. It describes a relationship: Patterns don't just describe modules, but describe deeper system structures and mechanisms. The pattern has a significant human component .... All software serves human comfort or quality of life; the best patterns explicitly appeal to aesthetics and utility. Patterns are Useful, Useable, and Used.
- 6. Elements of a Pattern Name It must have a meaningful name. Problem A statement of the problem which describes its intent : the goals and objectives it wants to reach within the given context and forces. Context / Applicability The preconditions under which the problem and its solution seem to recur, and for which the solution is desirable. Forces A description of the relevant forces and constraints and how they interact/conflict with one another and with goals we wish to achieve (perhaps with some indication of their priorities). Solution Static relationships and dynamic rules describing how to realize the desired outcome. This is often equivalent to giving instructions which describe how to construct the necessary work products.
- 7. Elements of a Pattern, cont’d Examples One or more sample applications of the pattern which illustrate: a specific initial context; how the pattern is applied to, and transforms, that context; and the resulting context left in its wake. Resulting Context The state or configuration of the system after the pattern has been applied, including the consequences (both good and bad) of applying the pattern, and other problems and patterns that may arise from the new context. Rationale A justifying explanation of steps or rules in the pattern, and also of the pattern as a whole in terms of how and why it resolves its forces in a particular way to be in alignment with desired goals, principles, and philosophies. Related Patterns The static and dynamic relationships between this pattern and others within the same pattern language or system. Related patterns often share common forces. Known Uses Describes known occurrences of the pattern and its application within existing systems.
- 8. Qualities of a Pattern Encapsulation and Abstraction Each pattern encapsulates a well-defined problem and its solution in a particular domain. Openness and Variability Each pattern should be open for extension or parameterization by other patterns so that they may work together to solve a larger problem. Generativity and Composability Each pattern, once applied, generates a resulting context which matches the initial context of one or more other patterns in a pattern language. Equilibrium Each pattern must realize some kind of balance among its forces and constraints.
- 9. Patterns and Algorithms Algorithms and data structures generally solve more fine-grained computational problems like sorting and searching. Patterns are typically concerned with broader architectural issues that have larger-scale effects.
- 10. Patterns and Frameworks A software framework is a reusable mini-architecture that provides the generic structure and behavior for a family of software abstractions, along with a context of memes/metaphors which specifies their collaboration and use within a given domain. A framework is usually not a complete application: it often lacks the necessary application-specific functionality. Frameworks employ an inverted flow of control between itself and its clients.
- 11. Patterns and Frameworks, cont’d Design patterns may be employed both in the design and the documentation of a framework. A single framework typically encompasses several design patterns. A framework can be viewed as the implementation of a system of design patterns. Frameworks and design patterns are distinct: a framework is executable software , design patterns represent knowledge and experience about software . Frameworks are of a physical nature, patterns are of a logical nature: frameworks are the physical realization of one or more software pattern solutions; patterns are the instructions for how to implement those solutions. Major differences: Design patterns are more abstract than frameworks. Design patterns are smaller architectural elements than frameworks. Design patterns are less specialized than frameworks.
- 12. Anti-patterns Represents a "lesson learned." Initially proposed by Andrew Koenig in the November 1995 C++ Report. Notions: Those that describe a bad solution to a problem which resulted in a bad situation. Those that describe how to get out of a bad situation and how to proceed from there to a good solution.
- 13. Other patterns Analysis, development organization, software process, project planning, requirements engineering, and software configuration management, and many more.
- 14. Patterns Category by GoF Creational patterns Abstract factory pattern Builder Factory method pattern Prototype Singleton
- 15. Patterns Category by GoF, cont’d Structural patterns Adapter Bridge Composite Decorator Flyweight Proxy
- 16. Patterns Category by GoF, cont’d Behavioral patterns Chain of responsibility Command Interpreter Iterator Mediator Memento Observer State Strategy Template method Visitor