Design resource book

DESIGN RESOURCE BOOK Louise Le

Table of Contents England: Renaissance to Neoclassical Tudor Jacobean William and Mary Queen Anne Chippendale Adams Brothers or William Kent Sheraton Hepplewhite Pre-Columbian America Olmecs Teotihuacan Mayans Moche Incas Mixtecs North American: Pueblo, Hopi, Cherokee Early America Colonial Period William and Mary Queen Anne Georgian Federal Spanish Missions Shaker John Townsend Samuel McIntyre Duncan Phyfe 19 th Century Empire Eastlake Second Empire Regency Neoclassicism in Ireland Biedermeier Gustavian Victorian Gothic Revival Greek Revival Egyptian Revival Romanesque Revival Renaissance Revival Arts and Crafts Movement Art Nouveau Movement Art Deco 20 th Century Frank Lloyd Wright Bauhaus Marcel Breuer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Scandinavian Modern Richard Neutra Philip Johnson Frank Gehry Tadao Ando Charles and Ray Eames

England: Renaissance to Neoclassical

Tudor Rulling Family: Henry VII Edward VI Mary I Gothic  Classical Characteristics: Gables Half-timbered structure Wattle and daub technique Linenfold motif Tudor rose motif Tudor Arch Great Hall

Elizabethan Daughter of Henry VIII Characteristics: Large glass areas Clusters of classical order chimneys Symmetric design E or H-shaped Plans Paneled walls Great Hall Montacute House

Jacobean Stuart Family (1603-1714) James I influenced by classical architect Inigo Jones Characteristics: Linenfold motif Design becomes more confident Classicism influence Brighter colors 3-dimensionality The Banqueting House

Jacobean Architecture Knole, kent Banqueting House,, London by Inigo Jones Furniture Wainscot chairs Turned chair Gateleg Table Jacobean Upholstered Chair Jacobean Settee Jacobean chest (press cupboard) Jacobean Monk’s chest Jacobean Monk chest Strapwork

William and Mary Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire Influenced by Baroque style (1689-1702) Characteristics : More weight, drama. Movement Tear-drop hardware Trumpet Leg Architecture St. Pauls Cathedral, London Blenheim Palace, Oxforshire

William and Mary Furniture Treatments & Terms Marquetry Seaweed Marquetry Japanning Parcil gilt Flemish S or C Scroll Furniture William & Mary Highboy William & Mary Bun Foot Chest William & Mary Wing Back chair & ottoman William & Mary drawers

Queen Anne Baroque Influence(1702-1714) Furniture Queen Anne Chairs Casegoods Queen Anne Lowboy Queen Anne Highboy Queen Anne Tallboy

Chippendale Neoclassical but highly eclectic Chairs Ladder-Back Chairs Ribband Back Chair Gothic Influence H-stretchers Characteristics Re-did Ball and Claw Rosette Bail Handles/ Willow mount with Bail Handle Simple Mahogany Cabriole Leg  Marlborough

Adams Brothers Syon House Achitecture Syon House, London Characteristics Elaborate walls and moldings Swags Gilt Foliage Palladio and French Overall Unity/ Cohesiveness Neutral Colors + Pastel Blue Enfalades Furniture goes belongs Their Father William Adams was a famous Scottish Architect. Robert Adams was the chief designer and brought in Neoclassicsm. Saltram House

Sheraton Influenced by Hepplewhite. Characteristics Square Urn-backs Stuffed over Upholstery Mahogany + Satinwood Designed for male + Female

Hepplewhite Neoclassic Furniture Characteristics Painted on furniture Spade foot Designed pier glass Sheild, camel, oval, heart, wheel backs Used Mahogany + Satinwood Influenced by Greek with Urn

Olmecs Early Columbian Civilization. Before 500 B.C. Gods : Quetzocoatl Tlaloc(coatlique) Characteristics Collasal Heads Jaguar Ball Court Sacrafice Architecture La Venta

Teotihuacan 250 B.C. – A.D. 900 Approximately 200,000 inhabitants Ceremonial center 2 miles long 130’ wide avenue of the dead 3 Main structures: Temple of Quetzalcoatl, Pyramid of the Sun, Pyramid of the Moon

Mayans 300 B.C. – 1521 A.D. Occupied central America Had observatories in the Guard towers Ball courts- sacrificial game Ritual furniture Chacmool found at the top of the pyramid

Moche Early Columbian Civilzation 100 A.D. – 750 A.D. Located: Peru Used Plaster for walls and having elaborate murals Known for their pottery Stirrup Sprout Vessel People portrayed in pottery became more naturalistic and less idealistic

Incas Resources Adobe (Coastal area) Wood (eastern Slope) Stone (Highlands) Early Columbian Civilzation 1000 A.D. – 1476 A.D. Architecture Machu Picchu Resort for their rulers

Mixtecs Style: Geometric manner Motifs seem Greek Early Columbian Civilzation 1200 A.D. – 1521 A.D. Mitla was their burial site.

North American Pueblo Adobe Houses Basket weaving

Colonial Period First Settlement came from Spain in Florida in 1565 First English Settlement was Jamestown Virginia 1607 Architecture Early Colonial: Wren Building Williamsburg Governors Palace Late Colonial: California Mission Monticello Famous Architects John Coney Caspar Witar

William and Mary Ladder back chair William and Mary chair styles in the Americas

Queen Anne Was the most popular European style in the Americas It was dubbed Georgian Influenced by Queen Anne +European Baroque Characteristics Heavy Ornate Classical aspect

Georgian Georgian is the combination of Queen Anne and European Baroque Characteristics Heavy Ornate Classical aspect Named after King George Architecture: Williamsburg Capitol of Virginia1699-1779 Wood : Walnut

Federal Was the Georgian design counterpart after the Revolution. Characteristics Heavy Ornate Classical aspect Greek and Roman Influenced Eagles Architecture: White House Moticello Architects : William Thorton Duncan Phyfe Wood : Walnut

Spanish Missions Occurred at the same time as the Federal Period Father Junipero Sara is the founder of Spanish Missions 29 missions total Characteristics : Adobe Influenced by Spain Interiors were very important Each mission’s characteristic was dependent on its location

Shaker Early settlers from England came to Americas and settled in New York. A philosophically based society  greatly influenced design Form Follows Function Characteristics : Simple Functional Comparable to Japanese design Sparse Colors: meetinghouse blue, trustee brown, and Ministry Green

John Townsend Designed in Late Colonial (Georgian) Period. Apprenticed John Goddard. Works : Blockfront casegoods Cockleshell ornament: block and shell pieces

Samuel Mcintyre Had an extremely cohesive design style. His furniture designs were based on Sheraton and Hepplewhite. Works : Gardner Pingree House1805

Duncan Phyfe Early America’s most famous designer. Influenced by Chippendale and Sheraton Characteristics : Lyre motif Mahogany Scrolled arms

Empire Style attributed to Napolean Bonaparte. Great appreciation of the arts. Works : Arc de Triomphe Academie des Beaux-arts Fontainebleau Architects : Charles Percier Pierre Franxois Leonard Fontaine Characteristics : Drapes everywhere Heavy

Second Empire Style attributed to Napolean III. Rebuilt Paris as we know it today. Works : L’Opera Lourve Architects : Georges Haussmann Characteristics : Elaborate Attention to detail Mansard Roof Steel Grey-Blue

Regency Thomas Hope and George Smith influenced this design style. Works : Royal Pavillion at Brighton Regent’s Park Bank of England Lincoln’s Inn Fields Architects : John Nash Sir John Soane Characteristics : Plain plaster walls Curves Straight classical molding Very tall windows Marble busts

Neoclassicism in Ireland Lead by James Gandon Works : The Customs House Four Court, King’s Inns

Biedermeier Style: "charming + Clumsy" Seating arranged in groups Soft Simple Colors Wallpaper was also used (Striped) Painted moldings Complementary colors Plants Palm trees Attributed to Papa Bierdermeier (fictional character) Popular in Germany and Scandinavia

Gustavian Design style in Sweden Named After Gustav III Designer: Carl Fredrik Sundvall Work: Manor House Stiernsund Characteristic: Neutral colors Airy Light Neoclassical

Victorian Fixed feather fan with hummingbird Queen Victoria Marked by the Reign of Queen Victoria. During this period the British Empire flourished and traveling became the norm. People brought back furniture from their visits and this contributed to a marked difference to design.

Gothic Revival A.W.N. Pugin advocated Gothic Revival Style: Rich in ornament Interiors were more simplified Simple oak carvings vs. paper walls Wool fabrics Earthy colors Wainscoting Stenciling was done Works : Linhurst in Terrytown New York St.Patrick’s Cathedral in NY Academy of Fine Arts

Greek Revival Became the correct style for government buildings and expression of civic virtue

Egyptian Revival Napoleon Bonaparte introduced Egyptian Revival Designers: Percier Fontaine

Romanesque Revival Characteristics Supplimented architecture with wood Stained glass Decorative tile Architect : Henry Hobson Richardson Style : Spare ornament Large masonry Rounded headed arches Barrel vaulting columns are very distinct in their own right Simple used in clusters, more slender Works Trinity Church in Boston

Renaissance Revival Popularized by Herter Brothers Designers : A. Baudouine Alexander Roux Characteristics Rosewood Upholstery elaborate and colors rich

Arts and Crafts Created by William morris Also known as the Craftsman style or Mission Style Designers : Gustav Stickley Greene and Greene Works: Gamble House

Art Nouveau Characteristic : Sinuous curves Asymmetry Plant forms Primarily concerned with visual Use of iron Designers : Arthur HeygateMackmurdo Louis Sullivan

Art Nouveau Works: Hotel Savoy Hotel Tassel Art Nouveau in France Designers: Emille Galle and Hector Guimard Art Nouveau in Austria Designers: Otto Wagner Adolf Loos and Josef Hoffman

Art Deco René Lalique.'Oranges' vase. Ruth Reeves: 'Manhattan', furnishing fabric Carreras Cigarette Factory (now Greater London House) Characteristics Geometric plant shapes Bold colors Avoided curves Combination of many different styles Works : Chrysler Building in NY Radio City Music Hall

Art Deco Chrysler Building NY Radio City Music Hall

Frank Lloyd Wright Steel Cathedral (project); New York; 1926 Modernist architect Explored spatial relationships

Bauhaus Considered the most important development in design. Directed by Walter Gropuis after WWI Fundamental Belief: Social Responsibility

Marcel Breuer Student at bauhause carpetry Workshop Experimented with tubular steel as a furniture material

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Seagram Building Apprenticed to Peter Behrens Barcelona Pavillion Characteristics Onyx Green marble Clear and green glass Floors of travertine Black glass White leather Open plan

Richard Neutra Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright Works: Lovell Health House Edgar Kauffman Sr. house Characteristics: Relaxed modernism

Philip Johnson Williams Tower (formerly the Transco Tower) Greatly Admired Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Works: The Glass House

Frank Gehry Another Modernist architect Gehry introduced a new way to look at shape and architecture Characteristics Highly Unconventional Considered the ‘deconstructionist’ Did not used straight lines and right angles A lot of steel Works : Walt Disney Concert Hall Personal Home in Santa Monica Guggenheim Museum

Charles and Ray Eames Team of designers: Charles Eames and wife Ray Eames Modernist known for their whimsical use of color and organic designs

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