Design Studio-Integrated Technology

Holbeck Construction College
& Community Centre
Urban Studio
7084726
Jenine Ragab

Design Studio
Integrated Technology

Contents
Part A:

-Contextual Analysis
-Precedent Analysis
-Building Description
-Structure & Material
Choice
-Special Study
Part B:

-Professional Practice
-Construction &
Sustainability Issues

-Environment &
Energy

-Service & Integration
Part C:
Facade
-3D Detailed Study
-Structure,
composition & detail

Design Studio

-External Forces Vs.
Internal Desires

PART

Design Studio

A

Contents
Contextual Analysis
Precedent Analysis
Building Description
Structure & Material Choice

PART

Special Study

A

Technology Futures
Design Studio
Integrated Technology Report
Part A
Urban Studio
Jenine Ragab
c7084726

Holbeck Regeneration:
“A Buildings Dialogue.”

The overall urban strategy for the town of Holbeck, is continuously
reinforced by what the place encompasses. It is vital that the towns identity
remains at the forefront and that any new development purely enhances
what already exists.
It is effortless to propose changes to an existing area and end it there, but it
is a true commitment to that community when using those proposals as a
stepping stone towards a better way of life.
The key agendas for the revitalisation of Holbeck address issues raised by
the people themselves. It is undeniable that they truly know what their
needs are, experiencing these concerns first hand.
The urban strategy is not to be seen as a short term solution for Holbeck, but
a life time commitment and a new way of living.

URBAN STUDIO is inspired by RuralStudio - a design-build
architecture studio run by Auburn University, Alabama, USA.

Their objective is:

"If architecture is going to nudge, cajole, and inspire a
community to challenge the status quo into making
responsible changes, it will take the subversive leadership of
academics and practitioners who keep reminding students of
the profession's responsibilities."
Samuel Mockbee

Leeds in a European Context

British IslesLeeds in Context

Leeds City Centre &
Rim of disconnection

>>>INITIAL OBSERVATIONS
Disjointed community from City centre

Allotments
available
to
community –opportunity to
promote a more sustainable &
healthy lifestyle

HOLBECK

Strong industrial
heritage-apparent
throughout.
Ignored potential
Holbeck viaduct

HOLBECK
MOOR

of

During the last decade Leeds City Centre has seen a renaissance. The skyline has dramatically changed.
Money through development has been made in considerable sums. However, in stark contrast, the
'Rim' around the centre of Leeds has looked on, stagnant. Is this fair?......

Community broken up
Heavy through traffic along Top
Moorside causing division

The Urban Studio will explore the potential of the Rim, particularly to
the South of the city and specifically Holbeck.....

>>>IN CONTEXT

Housing in relatively poor state-in need of
restoration
Division caused by motorway

Former Matthew Murray School
site left dormant-potential site for
redevelopment

>>>INITIAL OBSERVATIONS

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS>>>

TECH .A

have a household income of less

There are major concerns regarding employment
deprivation, health deprivation and
disability, educational opportunities
and the living environment of the
community of Holbeck.......

the population is considered to
be in ill health, with

26%

of these

people having
a lifelong limiting illness.
ONS Beeston
& Holbeck
Ward

ion, there are common

Like many areas
issues such as teena

eral level of ill health due

of

When observing statistics
fact mental & behavioural dis
prevalent.

ere deprevat
sity and a gen
and smoking
to heavy drinking

40%

most common respectively.

that suffer from sev
ge pregnancies, obe

Within Holbeck over

to mortality rate, smoking and

orders that are the most

than

affecting health it is in

of households within Holbeck

regards

are the

40%
£10,000.

Statistics show that with
alcohol related deaths

>>>PROPOSITION:
NURTURING THE COMMUNITY

>>>IDENTIFY: THE REALITY

Rejuvenating the existing
allotment area; educating
the
community
and
providing them with the
tools to led a healthier
lifestyle.

Introducing a place for higher educationworking in conjunction with the existing
Ingram Primary School ,providing an
opportunity for the community to further
their potential

Shared Space –improving
the urban environment

Urban Forest-providing an
ideal
environment
for
outdoor activities

The City Commuter-an ideal
location in close proximity to
the city centre, with the
proposal of a direct green link
along the viaduct. The new
residential development will
provide an opportunity to
expand thus creating a
lifetime home.
Revitalising the existing back
to back terraces-enhancing
social cohesion

Creating a core to
the community with
the introduction of
a
hybrid
educational facility
→investigate,
analyse
and
mediate.


A new way of
living-creating
a
new residential area
which
strives
towards
reducing
its carbon footprint
and providing a
sustainable way of
living

TECH .A

>>>PROPOSITION
Massive inequalities persist in our cities and amongst many other issues a growing housing demand is a big
challenge.
How can we build compact, well-designed, sustainable neighbourhoods which make best use of disused sites,
are well served by public transport and key amenities, and do not weaken existing urban areas?
Opportunities to create sustainable, environmentally friendly communities are being missed because factors
such as transport provision, employment prospects and lifestyle balance are being overlooked.
Among all known renewable energies the most efficient and the only one of its kind capable of regenerating
infinitely producing “zero environmental harm” is EDUCATION.
This type of energy is an inexhaustible supply of knowledge that spreads from person to person covering vast
extensions of area resulting in massive social, environmental
and economical progress.
With it once being the industrial powerhouse to the city of Leeds, the time has come for Holbeck to reclaim its
status; providing the community with the knowledge they need for a more positive and sustainable lifestyle.
The community of Holbeck needs an educational facility with a difference, where people who feel isolated can
belong and those that need the support to better themselves can find that helping hand.
The college will focus primarily on teaching construction and technology skills- providing a hands on experience
rather than the common monotonous blackboard approach, which often lacks the inspiration and creativity that
is needed to stimulate the mind.
With the proposal of a new residential development to be sited adjacent to the college, it will be here that the
newly acquired skills of the community are put into practice- first learning and then applying their skills in the
construction of these new flexible dwellings.
The college will constantly draw inspiration from the belief that.....
If you tell me I'll forget,
If you show me I may remember, but
If you involve me I'll understand.
With this in mind the college itself will set an example- with the architecture being both functional as well as
illustrative on how sustainable technologies work and so creating a dialogue with community.
The building is a learning resource in itself.
The college will be underpinned by the localist vision-putting the local community at the forefront and in control.
It is the centres commitment to ensure that the people of Holbeck benefit from the development.
With local businesses endorsing the colleges objectives, work placements and future employment opportunities
will reinforce the future vision of Holbeck.
Far more than an educational hub, the college will be the engine of the community; both in the sense of energy
production for the surrounding neighbourhood, but also a core to the community that both the students and
members of public can have the benefit of.
Setting the precedence for Holbeck and its community, the college will strengthen the image and pride that
people have in their area.


TECH .A

1815-2010>>> TIMELINE

SITE>>> ANALYSIS

LOCATION WITHIN LEEDS >>>THE RIM

The new construction college
will be situated here on the
former Matthew Murray High
School site.

Climatic Data-Holbeck, Leeds

Urban Identity Key
By analysing the area of which the centre
is proposed for and reviewing its personal
attributions and context, we can begin to
gather key information which will
influence the design of the building and in
turn result in the right environmental
design solutions and strategies being
made.
The climatic data of the site, shown in the
graph below, demonstrates a generally
cool temperature throughout the year,
which must be taken into consideration
when insulating the building and when
assessing the use of passive ventilation.
With the area seeing moderate to high
rainfall throughout the year, there is much
potential for rainwater collection and
reuse.
The images on the following page, observe
the area on a Macro Level.
With the site being independent from its
neighbouring buildings, our centre already
has the advantage of not being affected by
overshadowing. With this opportunity of
gaining large amounts of solar radiation
coupled with the medium to high sunlight
hours, the area demonstrates great
potential for the integration of passive
solar design and solar energy solutions
into the scheme.
Beyond this climatic analysis, it is notable
that the close proximity of this site to Leeds
City Centre, emphasised further by the
potential of the disused viaduct to the
North of the site, is ideal for employees
working in the City who are looking for
additional training to supplement their
career, as well as a key connection for the
people of Holbeck.

Buildings of Heritage

Industrial-In Use

Public buildings

Back to Back Housing Stock
Restoration Required:

Industrial Poor
State/Derelict

Housing-mixed
development-good
condition

Proposed
demolition sites

-Low priority
-Medium priority
-High priority

Massing
The massing of Holbeck elucidates a
well established dense building
language. This reinforces the concept
of creating a walkable community-a
sustainable concept which enhances
social cohesion.
The urban identity of Holbeck
highlights the major need for
regeneration. It is visible that there is
an existing community which must
remain at the forefront of this. There is
great potential with direct links to
surrounding industrial areas as
highlight by access and connections,
as well as the forgotten urban fabric
of Holbeck, which will is fundamental
to the overall regeneration of the
town.

Urban Identity

City Centre

Disused viaduct providing
key link for employment.

SITE

`

Proposed construction college: At the
heart of the community-bridging the
gap between existing and new
development.

Linear connection along Brown
Lane-main thoroughfare

Direct connection to
industrial zone

Access & Connection


TECH .A

The construction college embodies and further enhances a new way of living. With
the promotion of a more sustainable lifestyle, the centre will become the engine that
powers the community. Such renewable features of the proposed new housing, as
creating energy and harnessing water, will be enhanced here-with key components
such as the combined heat and power system being sited here.
Beyond this however, there is an underlying educational purpose to the centre. The
deprivation within Holbeck at present is extremely high. With the introduction of
new housing and the restoration of the area, this issue begins to be addressed, but it
is key that the people as individuals are given a life line that not only benefits them
on a personal level, but that also enables the town of Holbeck to be ‘rebuilt’.

The proposals which make up the urban strategy are all part of enriching the town of Holbeck, but who
is responsible for making it all happen??........
Building the new flexible houses will contribute greatly to up-skilling the community.
-brick layers
-carpentry
-electricians
These are just a handful of trades that will be needed in part of the construction. The centre will provide
apprenticeships for the people of Holbeck, and in turn both the person as well as the community will
reap the rewards.
Greening the streets of the existing back to back terrace houses is a major part of promoting social
cohesion within the community and an outdoor space that all can be proud of.
-civil engineers & site workers
-landscape designers
-gardeners
Such trades are vital in making this happen. In addition to this they will also aid in.....
Creating a place for the people, such as the proposed communal space situated at the top of Brown
Lane.
In addition to learning such trades the public can also learn about healthier ways of living and
protecting the environment; improving their overall lifestyle and well being.

Enjoying
the new
flexible
housing
and green
space.

Places for peoplea communal space
for all to be part
of.
Urban Retrofitting the
streets of Holbeck

Bridging the gap between as designed and actual performance.

>>>PROGRAM ANALYSIS: A
BY-PRODUCT


TECH .A

Children’s
Learning with
Nature

Ground Floor

Play Zone

By analysing the purpose and function of each distinguished area within
the centre, such environmental issues as heating, ventilation and lighting
can be addressed. Certain events within a building can generate excessive
heat or produce superfluous moisture and therefore require particular
design specifications to accommodate these spaces. Light quality can also
have a direct impact on the comfort of a space, therefore highlighting the
task and general illumination of an area is key.

First Floor

Crèche

Indoor Gardens

COMMUNITY
ARCADE
Natural Daylight
Control

Biodiversity
Habitat
Reception

Help Desk

Offices
Meeting
Rooms

LIBRARY

Office

Study Areas

Community Arcade

ICT

Naturally Lit

The heart of both the
centre and the community-a large
indoor space, for recreation and
access to all adjoining zones.

Staff Room

Consultation
Offices

Kitchen
facilities

Managers
office

CAFE

Workshops
Soft Lighting

Cookery
Department

First Aid

Lecture Theatre

Practical work spaceseach
designated
to
a
specific
skill. Direct delivery access for
heavy goods and materials.

Classrooms

Workshops
Power
Conservation

POWER GENERATION
Willow
Coppice

Shade Tolerable
Electrics
Group Learning
Areas
Classrooms

Site-work

Sustainable
Water System

Daylight control
Quiet Learning
Areas

Plumbing

Foul Water
Treatment

These spaces should be
flexible to accommodate a variety
of
subjects
and
methods
of
teaching, to small or larger groups
of students.

These learning areas
will be open primarily to the
students for use in both group
sessions and individual studies.
The public may also use them on
request.

Library
The library will
facilitate both the community and the
centre, providing a key information
and ICT zone to all.

WCs
Toilet facilities
pin pointed around the centre for
both
students,
staff
and
the
public.

Wood Work

Brickwork
CHP
(combined heat &
power system)

Task Lighting

COLLEGE

Study areas

Consultation rooms
Private space for the
community
to
use.
These
areas
provide a private meeting space when
seeking advice and help from the
centre.

Lecture rooms
Naturally
Ventilated

Primarily the theatre
will be available to the students for
group seminars, however the space will
also offer an auditorium for pre booked
public events.

Changing rooms
Changing rooms and
shower
facilities
for
the
students, in close proximity to
the centres practical workshops.

Kitchen
The cafe kitchen will
also occasional play host to
cookery
departments
students,
practical experience.

the
for

Rainwater
Harvesting
Reception
Solar
Gain

Photovoltaic
System

Mechanically
ventilated

Situated at the entrance
to the community arcade, the reception
will be the initial information point
for both students and members of public.

Offices
Staff facilities will
provide office and consultation
space as well as a central staff
room for recreation.

>>>PROXIMITY DIAGRAM
Private
Educational
Facilities
Public Areas

Sustainable
Zones

The proximity diagram, demonstrates the importance of the
building layout and how spaces work in conjunction with
one another in order to create a harmonious environment.
The diagram shows, that even when a building is comprised
of a number of functions, it is still integral that each
individual space works as part of an overall strategy and
not independently.

Heated in Winter

Cafe
The cafe offers a
recreational space to students, as
well as key public space for the
community.

Power Generation
Building systems,
including both mechanical and passive
systems- sited here for maintenance and
building governance.

z

>>>PROGRAM SCHEDULE


TECH .A

F
O
S
T
E
R
+
p
A
R
T
N
E
R
S

Central to the aims of the
low carbon development is
the preservation of Mexico
City’s indigenous plants
and species and the
creation of a vital new
nature
reserve.
This
wilderness area, together
with enhanced landscaped
areas, will account for 50
percent of the site.

The Campus Biometropolis masterplan for El Pedregal in
Mexico, embodies the true unity of environment with building
design.
Responding to the urban grain of Mexico City, the masterplan
integrates public plazas, pedestrian streets and cooling
courtyards and the buildings will be oriented to capture the
prevailing winds from the north.
The campus will not exacerbate Mexico City’s water shortage,
instead maintaining and augmenting the proportion of green
space through which water can be absorbed into the aquifer
below and harvesting rainwater on roofs, roads and available
space.

Central to the aims of the low carbon development is the
preservation of Mexico City’s indigenous plants and species
and the creation of a vital new nature reserve. This wilderness
area, together with enhanced landscaped areas, will account
for 50 percent of the site. Managed through UNAM and Mexico
City’s government, it will provide an attractive landscaped
setting for the buildings within the masterplan and safeguard
the future of the land through sensitive development. The
arrangement of buildings navigates the Pedregal lava fields, a
network of subterranean lava tubes and caves, sections of
which will be exposed to encourage scientific investigation.

>>>Longitudinal Environmental Section looking West towards the city.

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS: ENVIRONMENTAL>>>

TECH .A

The building is a ‘lesson in construction’

Situated on the edge of the 67 acre development in
the heart of London, the Kings Cross Construction
Skills Centre (CSC), sets to bridge the gap between
local training and employment.
Completed in 2008 by David Morley Architects, the
centre sets a high precedence by being one of the
first buildings to be erected here.

With three major construction partners having signed
up to a delivery model which provides work
placements and future employment opportunities, the
centre itself offers local people the training and
professional qualifications they need to build their
future, as well as meeting training targets and fulfilling
skill shortages within the profession.

>>>KINGS CROSS
CONSTRUCTION SKILLS CENTRE
The building detailing is used as a ‘lesson in construction’ for the students: ceiling soffits are
exposed, as are the building services; where possible wall systems are exposed; the plant room is
caged; workshop and stair floors are exposed concrete and coated with a dust sealer.

The new facility will be a centre of excellence for work based
learning in construction, providing up to 150 apprenticeship
places; primarily locally based young adults, aged between 1618, every year.
The centre will be a "one stop" facility where Apprentices will
be taught both the theory and practical elements of
construction.

The building is a 1,400 square metre, two storey structure with workshops on the ground floor and
classrooms and the administration area on the upper floor.
North lights provide daylight to the double-height workshop areas, minimising the need for
electric lighting to the space and creating a dramatic look to the external building. Angled timber
brise-soleil protects the west-facing office and classroom windows from solar heat gain, whilst
providing a clear view of the sky to the north. Externally, the roof features photovoltaic panels
and a sedum roof to support biodiversity.

Environmental mitigation was incorporated into the building in the form of solar panels on the
sloping roof and also a “green roof”. The solar panels will contribute energy to run the lights and
appliances and the flat part of the roof has been planted with grasses that help to absorb
airborne pollutants and carbon dioxide whilst also giving extra insulation.

As well as obtaining their Construction Skills Certification (CSC) Scheme
Health & Safety qualifications which is now compulsory with most
contractors, the trainees can choose from a number of trades to learn,
including carpentry and joinery, brick-laying and civil engineering
(groundwork's).
In addition to the apprenticeship program, the Skill Centre will offer a range
of bespoke courses that meet the employment needs of the contractors in the
area.

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS: TECHNICAL>>>

TECH .A

The new homes will be constructed from
energy efficient materials, designed to
very high insulation standards and
orientated towards the sun to maximise
passive solar heating. Whilst the new
homes are designed to be prefabricated, it
is envisaged that local labour will be used
for training, up skilling and enhancing
social inclusion.

>>>ANTICIPATED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT)

Roof mounted
Photovoltaics
&
Solar
thermal
evacuated
tubes

The Flexible house is so versatile that it
can be used in high density housing
layouts achieving 40 units per hectare as
well as low density housing of 15 to 20
units per hectare, thus .accommodating
various design and social needs criteria.
A density of 40 dph (dwellings per hectare)
has been achieved, creating a walkable
community.

VERTICAL AXIS WIND
TURBINE

SOLAR THERMAL & PV
PANELS

MALQAF-WIND
CATCHER

Wind catcher (malqaf)
unit
with timber
louvers

Pre-fabricated
timber stairs
Glulam-glued
timber
post
construction

>>>LONGITUDINAL SECTION
THROUGH DWELLING

RAINWATER
COLLECTION

Sedum
roofskygardens

laminated
and
beam

These panels are
incredibly
strong
and can be used for
both
the
load
bearing and non
load bearing walls
of
almost
any
building

Kit frame

TRANSOM WINDOWS
Internal
thermal
mass floor: prestressed concrete
with
finishing
options availablereclaimed
tiles,
sustainably
sourced
timber
flooring

LOW FLUSH WC

LOW-E LIGHTING &
APPLIANCES
SEPTIC TANK (SEWAGE
TREATMENT AREA)

SIP-Structural
Insulation Panels

BIOFUEL-CHP

RAINWATER STORE

ELECTRICITY
FOUL WATER TREATMENT

A sustainable expandable house that incorporates and comply with sustainable design principles and codes covering
energy/CO2, pollution, water, health and well-being, materials, management, surface water harvesting, ecology and
waste.
The expandable house façade is articulated vertically, with its vertical greenery further enriching the street-scape, whilst
shading the interior and offering privacy.

External
leaf
construction
(alternative
options
available
to
users
preference-locally
sourced stone, timber
or
tile
cladding,
brickwork
or
sand/cement
render
on brickwork
Thermal inertia is used to keep internal conditions
comfortable. Dense concrete blockwork and concrete
floor slabs provide thermal mass that absorbs heat
during warm periods and releases heat at cooler times.

HOT WATER

Sustainable design objectives are achieved through a variety of complimentary strategies.
At the urban design scale, building on a disused site intensifies the city and increases density without incurring additional
infrastructural cost or triggering a larger urban
>>>APPLYING SKILLS
footprint.
Thermal mass concrete floor

CHAPTER 3: BUILDING DESCRIPTION>>>

TECH .A

The roof topography is
used to direct water to
depressions where large
amounts can be stored ->
Such methods of water
collection can be seen in
insects with hydrophilic—
water
attracting—and
hydrophobic
water
repelling—biological
features,
created
to
intersperse, collect and
direct the flow of water.

1. Community arcade → Hydrophilic roof
enclosing main space: aiding power generation
and harvesting rainwater
2. Cafe & kitchen → upper level: additional cafe
seating and student recreation area.
3. Library → upper level: ICT suite
4. Lecture Theatre
5. Crèche
6. Cookery Department
7. Woodwork
&
Pre-fabricated
housing
construction.
8. Brickwork
9. Civil engineering (groundwork's)
10. Power conservation
11. Plumbing
12. Electrics
13. Staff Zone-offices and consultation rooms
14. Plant Room & Environmental Studies

Direct delivery access
to workshops

This dynamic environmental enclosure is being designed with conservation
and education requirements as key principles.
The idea of having this shared semi open space would make any members of
the community passing through feel part of the building

The roofscape is incorporated into a system of
urban green surfaces that provide important
links for the migration of species, possibly
supporting existing biotope structures and
habitat networks and promoting biodiversity
in the local environment.

Access to the roofscape from
inside the building

Brown Lane
Main Entrance

Car Park

A

Direct link to
new
residential
development

7

6

2

1

3
8

11

12

13

9
10

14

A plerergate is a polymorph of an ant, also known as a replete or rotund,
characterized by an enlarged abdominal area, for the
purpose of food storage. This occurs in honey ants.
Other ants then extract nourishment from them. They function essentially
as living larders.
This function is ideal for working in conjunction with the hydrophilic
roofscape, collecting water and storing it.

4
5

Ground Floor Plan 1:1000
A

Crèche opening
directly out onto play
zone

The reactive facade responds to
movement of passers by, creating a
staggered image in motion

KEY:

First Floor Plan 1:1000

>>>HOLBECK CONSTRUCTION COLLEGE

Public
Educational
Environmental

Initial Impression of construction collegeA section through the central space and roofscape

CHAPTER 3: BUILDING DESCRIPTION>>>

TECH .A

Hydrophilic Roof

>>>LONGITUDINAL SECTION A-A

The
main
roof
structure will be
composed
of
triangulated Glulam
joists which will be
the
preliminary
support to the ETFE
cushions. These will
be integrated with a
photovoltaic
membrane, utilising
the vast area for
maximum
solar
gain.

ETFE is to be used in the construction of the roof.
It’s u-value of 1.96 w/m²°K outweighs that of
triple glazing, as well as having an extremely
high light transmittance and the benefit of being
extremely lightweight.

>>>MATERIAL EFFICIENCY AS PART OF A
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
The
existing
architecture
of
Holbeck,
consists
mostly of the Victorian
era and therefore the
use
of
brick
is
substantial. As shown
to the left many of the
original back to back
terrace houses have
already been, and are

ETFE can be recycled with ease, but due to its
properties (does not degrade under UV light,
sunlight, weather, pollution) it has a very long
life which is estimated between 50-100 years,
making the need for recycling small. Excess
material from the cushion manufacturing process
can be recycled effectively by all ETFE suppliers.

proposed for, demolition. It is proposed that full advantage shall
be taken here, and reclamation of materials shall be integrated
into the colleges construction.
Principle of integration: PV
Flexibles on the ETFE
cushion structure

>>>HYDROPHILIC ROOF STRUCTURE

The concept behind the overall roof
design has been maintained-with the
intention of educating the people
through design still prevalent. This
has been developed further, with the
idea that the function of the roof is
exaggerated externally and that the
users view the structure and the
‘mechanics’ from within the main
arcade.

>>>HOLBECK CONSTRUCTION COLLEGE

The canopy of the Glulam
trees’ will channel the
rainwater down from the
rooftop.

d
d

Sustainable Goals

Timber shall be used extensively
throughout the building, composing
the structural system of the college.
Timber columns shall be used in
conjunction with large Glulam beams
which will span the building and
provide structural support to the
adjoining triangulated roof system.
Sustainably sourced timber shall be
used as much as possible.

d

Energy

d

Materials

Water

Waste Management

Material selection

d
d
d
d

Use less material

Efficient use
of finite
natural
materials

Use local C&D
waste/reclaimed products

Use products with higher
recycled content

Minimising
environmental
damage

d
d
d

Waster avoidance and
minimisation

Return surplus
material
Segregate, recover,
reclaim and recycle

Specification of materials
with low environmental
impact

CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURE & MATERIAL CHOICE>>>

TECH .A

PART

Design Studio

B

Contents
Professional Practice
Construction &
Sustainability Issues
Environment & Energy

PART

Service & Integration

B

Building Prices Per Square Metre
Circulation:
•Stairs =325m2
•Lifts = 62.5m2
•Walkways = 937.5m2
•Restaurant balcony = 50m2

→ @ £1,100/m2 = £1,512,500
Educational:

>>>COST PLANNING
•Construction costs- based on per functional unit
= £11,047,500
The following figures are derived from the total
construction cost:
•Contingency @ 5%= £ 552,375
•Professional fees @ 10% = £ 1,104,750
•Finance @ 1% = £110,475
•Developers Profit @ 10% = £ 1,104,750

>>>NET INCOME
Factory/Offices with High Technology Production
Net lettable area: 5480m2
•Rent values in area: £64.56 m2 per annum. (Price based on average from
http://www.showcase.co.uk)
Net Income → Net lettable area x 64.56
Net Income
= £ 353,788.80 per year

•Classrooms = 600m2
→ @ £880/m2 = £528,000
•Cookery Zones = 475m2 =
→ @ £2,175/m2 = £1,033,125
•Lecture Theatre = 325m2
→ @ £1,975/m2 = £641,875
•Library/Learning Resource Centre = 1000m2
→ @ £1,225/m2 = £1,225,000
•Main Construction Workshop = 1125m2
→ @ £1,100 = £1,237,500
•Plant Room = 162.5m2
→ @ £790/m2 = £ 128,375
→total = £4,793,875

Public Facilities:
•Atrium = 862.5m2
→ @ £2,100/m2 = £ 1,811,250
•Common rooms = 37.5m2
→ @ £640/m2 = £24,000
•Crèche = 475m2
→ @ £1,050/m2 = £ 498,750
•Multi-functional Area = 375m2
→ @ £880/m2 = £330,000
•Reception = 12.5m2
→ @ £920/m2 = £11,500
•Restaurant = 312.5m2
→ @ £1,175/m2 = £367,187.50
•Toilets & cloakrooms = 612.5m2
→ @ £1,100/m2 = £673,750
→total = £3,716,437.50

Social:
•Common & Meeting Rooms = 287.5m2
→ @ £640/m2 = £184,000
•Offices (all areas) = 612.5m2
→ @ £1,175/m2 = £719,687.50
•Social/Study Pods = 137.5m2
→ @ £880/m2 = £121,000
→total = £1,024,687.50

>>> DEVELOPMENT APPRAISAL
As the college will be a non profit development
an alternative use will be used to calculate the
land value. This will be the amount a developer
would be willing to pay for the land of which the
site consists of.
The development used to make a comparison will
be an industrial unit with high technology
production to relate to the curriculum that will be
taught within the college. The area of Holbeck is
also predominantly industrial orientated and
therefore the most likely alternative for the
building use.
The Net Lettable Area, (or the Gross Lettable
Area) is the area for which a tenant could be
charged for occupancy under a lease. Generally,
it is the floor space (square metres) contained
within a tenancy at each floor level measured
from the internal measured surfaces of
permanent external walls and permanent
internal walls but excluding features such as
balconies and verandas, common use areas,
areas less than 1.5m in height, service areas, and
public spaces and thoroughfares.

•Yield = 8%
•Years Purchase = 100/8 = 12.5
•GDV (Gross Development Value) → Net income x 12.5 (years purchase)
GDV
= £4,422,360
•Letting fee on maximum return of £353,788.80 @ 9% (of let income) = £31,841
•Sale fee → 2% of GDV = £ 88,447.20
•Developer Profit → 10% of GDV = £442,236
*(GDV is the same as Capital Value)
Land Value = GDV – Total fees
→construction cost → @ £585/m2 x 5480 (net
lettable area) = £3,205,800
→contingency @ 5% = £160,290
→fees @ 10% = £320,580
→finance @ 1% of construction cost = £32,058
→ developers profit @ 10% = £320,580
→rental fees on maximum return of
£353,788.80 (net income) @ 9% = £ 31,841

Land Value = £4,422,360 - £ 4,071,149
= £ 351,211

>>>COLLEGE ACCESS & MOVEMENT

Main Vertical Circulation
Educational Facilities
Public Facilities
Staff Zone
WCs
Movement
Direction & Exits
Zones

→ Overall Gross Internal Area = 8787.5m2
Overall Construction Costs:
Ground Floor = £ 6,275,125
First Floor = £3,540,562.50
Second Floor = £1,231,812.50
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST = £11,047,500
* Based on Gross Internal Floor Area (GIFA)

>>>Ground Floor

>>>First Floor

>>>Second Floor

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE>>>

>>>All Levels

TECH .B

4.5% Tender of Total Construction Costs + VAT→ £11,047,500 +
VAT = £ 13,257,000

>>>RIBA WORK STAGES

>>>FEE PROPOSAL

4.5% tender = £ 596,565

Preparation

The Outline Plan of Work organises the process of managing and designing building
projects and administering building contracts into a number of key Work Stages. The
sequence or content of Work Stages may vary or they may overlap to suit the
procurement method. The following document, produced by the RIBA, summarises each
stage, providing a vital reference for the preparation of construction.

A appraisal

B design brief

Design

C concept

D design
development

Pre-Construction

E technical
design

With lump sum contracts, the contract sum is determined before
construction work is started. Contracts ‘with quantities’ are priced on
the basis of drawings and firm bills of quantities. ‘Without quantities’
means a contract priced on the basis of drawings and usually
another document, such as a specification or work schedules.
Project Partnering Contract (PPC)
A multi-party contract puts the Constructor, the Consultants and Key
Specialist subcontractors/suppliers on the same terms and conditions
through a single contract, so that they are fully aware of each
other’s roles and responsibilities and owe each other a direct duty of
care.
This avoids the risk of inconsistencies, gaps or duplications otherwise
present in a series of two party contracts and thereby establishes a
much stronger contractual base for all activities. It also avoids the
Client having to act as the conduit for communication and resolution
of problems between other team members.

Development of concept design to include structural and building
services systems, updated outline specifications and cost plan.
Completion of Project Brief.
Application for detailed planning permission.
Preparation of technical design(s) and specifications, sufficient to coordinate components and elements of the project and information
for statutory standards and construction safety.
Preparation of detailed information for construction.
Application for statutory approvals.
Preparation of further information for construction required under
the building contract.
Review of information provided by specialists.
Preparation and/or collation of tender documentation in sufficient
detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained for the project.

H tender
action

Identification and evaluation of potential contractors and/or
specialists for the project.
Obtaining and appraising tenders; submission of recommendations
to the client.

J mobilisation

Letting the building contract, appointing the contractor.
Issuing of information to the contractor.
Arranging site hand over to the contractor.

Construction

>>>Summary of Procurement & Contract Strategy

Implementation of Design Brief and preparation of additional data.
Preparation of Concept Design including outline proposals for
structural and building services systems, outline specifications and
preliminary cost plan.
Review of procurement route.

G tender
document

K construction
to practical
completion

Use

For the construction of Holbecks
Construction College and Community
Centre,
a
traditional
method
of
procurement, in the means of a lump sum
contract will be used. In conjunction with
this a PPC will be drawn up, allowing all
work stages to be carried out with in the
most direct fashion.
Traditional Procurement
In this method the Contractor builds to a
defined scope of works for a fixed price
lump sum. The client retains the
responsibility for the design and the
project team, as well as direct contractual
relationship with Consultants and Main
Contractor. The contractor will be
appointed normally following a tender
process or negotiation and will sign up to
a contract for the works.

F product
information

Identification of client’s needs and objectives, business case and
possible constraints on development.
Preparation of feasibility studies and assessment of options to
enable the client to decide whether to proceed.
Development of initial statement of requirements into the Design
Brief by or on behalf of the client confirming key requirements and
constraints. Identification of procurement method, procedures,
organisational structure and range of consultants and others to be
engaged for the project.

L post practical
completion

Administration of the building contract to Practical Completion.
Provision to the contractor of further information as and when
reasonably required.
Review of information provided by contractors and specialists.
Administration of the building contract after Practical Completion
and making final inspections.
Assisting building user during initial occupation period.
Review of project performance in use.

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE>>>

TECH .B

>>>Longitudinal Section A-A through
‘The Street’ 1:50

B

C

>>>Gutter detail
>>>Roof louvre detail

D

E

F
G

A

H
I

K

J

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES>>>

TECH .B


>>> Study Pod detail

F

L

A

>>> Foundation
detail

M
H


TECH .B


TECH .B


A

D

I

Electrically operated vertical timber louvres

Sika-Trocal Metal
Galvanised steel sheet with a layer of SikaTrocal
Type S membrane factory laminated to it. SikaTrocal Metal is used to fabricate upstands,
perimeter
profiles and other details.
Installation Method /Tools
Partially adhered by Sika-Trocal C 300 adhesive.
Adhesive is applied to substrate in strips out of
the container and spread into thin film by
squeegee. The sheet is rolled out into adhesive
bed to bond instantly to the polyester fleece
surface. The roof perimeter is mechanically
fixed by Sika-Trocal Metal Sheet Type S profile
to create a peel stop, or as otherwise indicated
in the appropriate application guide.
Membrane Welding
Overlap seams are welded by electric hot
welding equipment. The effective width of
welded overlaps should be minimum 20 mm.

-50mm thick paving stones
-50mm sand & cement screed
-150mm hardcore

E

-SMR
900
satin
anodised
aluminium
-double glazed curtain walling
system

B
Glulam horizontal louvres

C
Prefabricated floors & roof SIP cassettes fixed securely to
Glulam beams comprising of
25mm Oriented Timber Strand boards (OSB)
Breathing membrane
300x50mm SS grade timber joists
300mm Expanded polystyrene insulation & accommodating
where required galvanised steel ducts housing:
·Heating and air conditioning
·Ventilation
·Water sprinkler system
·Electric power and lighting
·Communication and IT cables
·Hot & cold water supplies
·Soil , waste & grey water pipes
Vapour barrier
25mm OSB Oriented Timber Strand boards ready to accept
room finish

D
Roof Covering
Sika-Trocal adhered system using Type SGK membrane,
which has an integral polyester fleece backing that helps
mask the appearance of insulation board or timber deck
joints. The Type SGK membrane is adhered to the substrate
using Sika-Trocal Type C300 polyurethane adhesive.
The SIP cassettes or any other substrate should be smooth
and free of sharp objects like proud screw heads, the
membrane should be able to achieve intimate contact with
the substrate.
Sika-Trocal HD Walkway
4 mm thick Sika-Trocal slip resisting embossed walkway
surfacing material to be welded on top of Sika-Trocal Type
SGK membrane around roof lights and services areas.
Sika-Trocal DS-Alu
Aluminium foil faced reinforced polyethylene high
performance vapour barrier.
Accessories
Use Sika-Trocal ancillary products of pre-fabricated corners,
double sided tape and drainage goods as required.

Galvanised steel service ducts between SIP
cassettes timber joists
comprising of heating and air conditioning
Ventilation
Water sprinkler system
Electric power
Communication and IT cables
Hot & cold water supplies
Soil , waste & grey water pipes

J
Reinforced concrete pile cap &
piles

K
-20mm thick marble floor
-20mm marble adhesive
-50mm sand & cement screed
-DPM
-150,, reinforced concrete slab
-150mm hardcore

L
Glulam horizontal louvres

M

F
SMR 900 satin anodised aluminium double
glazed roofing system with integrated
Photovoltaic cells

G
Electrically operated louvre windows

H
-20mm thick stainless steel anchoring plate
bolted to r.c. edge beam


TECH .B

The construction college embodies and further enhances a new way of living. With the
promotion of a more sustainable lifestyle, the centre will become the engine that
powers the community. Such renewable features of the proposed new housing, as
creating energy and harnessing water, will be enhanced here-with key components
such as the combined heat and power system being sited here.
Beyond this however, there is an underlying educational purpose to the centre. The
deprivation within Holbeck at present is extremely high. With the introduction of new
housing and the restoration of the area, this issue begins to be addressed, but it is key
that the people as individuals are given a life line that not only benefits them on a
personal level, but that also enables the town of Holbeck to be ‘rebuilt’.

The use of timber cassettes
filled
with
expanded
polystyrene demonstrates the
beneficial exposure of thermal
mass within the building.
This is significant in terms of
the passive comfort cooling
effect, as people sense an
‘operative’ temperature as
being
affected
by
air
temperature and the radiant
temperature
from
the
surrounding walls and ceilings.

BUILDING>>> BRIEF
Massive inequalities persist in our cities and amongst many
other issues a growing housing demand is a big challenge.
How can we build compact, well-designed, sustainable
neighbourhoods which make best use of disused sites, are well
served by public transport and key amenities, and do not
weaken existing urban areas?
Opportunities to create sustainable, environmentally friendly
communities are being missed because factors such as transport
provision, employment prospects and lifestyle balance are being
overlooked.
Among all known renewable energies the most efficient and the
only one of its kind capable of regenerating infinitely producing
“zero environmental harm” is EDUCATION.
This type of energy is an inexhaustible supply of knowledge
that spreads from person to person covering vast extensions of
area resulting in massive social, environmental
and economical progress.
With it once being the industrial powerhouse to the city of
Leeds, the time has come for Holbeck to reclaim its status;
providing the community with the knowledge they need for a
more positive and sustainable lifestyle.
The community of Holbeck needs an educational facility with a
difference, where people who feel isolated can belong and
those that need the support to better themselves can find that
helping hand.
The college will focus primarily on teaching construction and
technology skills- providing a hands on experience rather than
the common monotonous blackboard approach, which often
lacks the inspiration and creativity that is needed to stimulate
the mind.
With the proposal of a new residential development to be sited
adjacent to the college, it will be here that the newly acquired
skills of the community are put into practice- first learning and
then applying their skills in the construction of these new
flexible dwellings.
The building is a learning resource in itself.
The college will be underpinned by the localist vision-putting the
local community at the forefront and in control. It is the centres
commitment to ensure that the people of Holbeck benefit from
the development.
With local businesses endorsing the colleges objectives, work
placements and future employment opportunities will reinforce
the future vision of Holbeck.
Far more than an educational hub, the college will be the engine
of the community; both in the sense of energy production for the
surrounding neighbourhood, but also a core to the community
that both the students and members of public can have the
benefit of.
Setting the precedence for Holbeck and its community, the
college will strengthen the image and pride that people have in
their area.

Climate change and resource depletion
The building orientation and design ensures good access to
northern light with large expanses of glazing that allow light to
reach deep into the building. Glazing to the south is designed to
take advantage of the depth of the Straw Bale facades by
recessing the sections of glazing to minimise direct sunlight and
prevent overheating. The larger expanses of glazing to the
South use a combination of brise soleil and an extruding
canopy to provide solar shading.
The choice of a timber and straw bale construction type, natural
ventilation strategy and use of renewable energy sources
ensure the building does not add to the growing problems of
climate change and resource depletion.
Analysis
Timber is one of the oldest building materials used by humans
for their shelter, and is recognised for its softness, warmth and
versatility as well as out performing many other building
materials in terms of its renewability, malleability and
adaptiveness. The timber is then combined with pre fabricated
Straw Bale components which use three natural and
sustainable materials - timber, straw and lime render. The straw
provides great insulation properties and the lime render
provides a breathable coating for the straw. It also reduces the
greenhouse gas effect over its lifetime, re-absorbing the CO2
released during the manufacturing process making it close to
carbon neutral.
Structure
The structure consists of a straw bale curtain wall system with
structural support from a Glulam timber frame. The straw bale
components consist of a cross-laminated timber frame filled
with compressed straw and finished with render. The
breathable coating prevents decay and protects the straw from
the external environment.
To reduce travel distances the components are constructed
using a ‘flying factory’ system where by they are constructed in
a local barn using local labour and locally harvested materials.
All timber used is sourced from sustainably managed forests.
The choice of structure allows for quick construction, less waste
and less disruption to the community.
Recycling
The structures connection details have been designed to ensure
that if required the timber can be disassembled and separated
from any steel fixtures which can then be recycled, re used or
disposed of as biomass fuel.
Other Systems
Security-The main entrance to the College is situated to the
North of the building. On entering from this point, the main
reception is the users first port of call, with a member of staff

registering each person; providing them with a ‘membership’
card, which provides access to all public facilities. The North
facade comprises of a vast glazed curtain wall; providing
reception staff with direct sight lines to the car park, bike
storage and those approaching. Although there is a secondary
entrance to the South end of ‘The Street’, this is only accessible
with the users membership card, meaning that all users are
authorised to enter the building.

>>>Thermal Efficiency

All private spaces have card readers which only authorised
personnel can use. The main Construction College is only accessible
to students enrolled. The layout of the building ensures that staff
have the opportunity to observe the activity spaces without
interrupting those using them and assisting when necessary.
Furniture- all fixed and free moving furniture has been designed in
accordance to their relevant environment; taking full advantage of
orientation and views, whilst maintaining clear routes in
accordance with part M of the building regulations. Furniture has
also been designed with functionality at the forefront of the
specifications. For instance the ground floor walkway adjacent to
the lecture theatre not only provides a social space to those
waiting for lectures, but also allows a close up insight through the
buildings ‘story windows’-glazed panels which demonstrate the
straw bale construction and the ‘nature’ of the building assembly.
Communication- The College will work closely in conjunction with
local businesses; endorsing the colleges apprenticeships, providing
students with work places, with the opportunity to progress within
the construction industry and work towards gaining their
Construction Skills Certification (CSC) and Healthy & Safety
qualifications which are now compulsory with most contractors.
Legislative Framework
It is important that the proposal adheres to the legislation set out in
the current building regulation documents. the following are those
that are of a greater significance to this particular scheme
Part A - Structure - the design and construction of the structure has
been developed to ensure it accounts for wind loads and
deadloads, in particular the Glulam frame and connections which
have been chosen according to the loads of which they can sustain.
Part L2a - Conservation of fuel and power - particular attention
has been paid to the legislation regarding U-Values, Air
permeability, heating, cooling, and lighting
Part M - Access to and use of buildings - the full scheme focuses
on ensuring that each area and the services provided within them
are accessible to people of all mental and physical abilities,
therefore the design has adhered to the legislation of document m
to ensure everyone can participate in the activities provided within
the building.


TECH .B

The massing of Holbeck elucidates a well established dense building
language. This reinforces the concept of creating a walkable community-a
sustainable concept which enhances social cohesion.
The urban identity of Holbeck highlights the major need for regeneration. It is
visible that there is an existing community which must remain at the forefront
of this. There is great potential with direct links to surrounding industrial
areas as highlight by access and connections, as well as the forgotten urban
fabric of Holbeck, which is fundamental to the overall regeneration of the
town.

>>>COLLEGE ACCESS & MOVEMENT

Main Vertical Circulation
Educational Facilities
Public Facilities
Staff Zone
WCs
Movement
Direction & Exits
Zones

City Centre
Disused
viaduct
providing key link for
employment.

>>>Ground Floor

>>>First Floor

>>>Second Floor

>>>All Levels

→ Strategy
The proposed Construction Centre is situated on the former Matthew Murray High School site, located within the
heart of Holbeck.
With its original use, the site offers a primary location to the community and surrounding areas. With numerous
pedestrian and cycle routes offering direct connection, the building becomes approachable from all directions. This
in conjunction with the already existing dense urban fabric, elucidates the walkable community that is Holbeck.

→Orientation

SITE

`

Direct connection
industrial zone

Linear
connection
along Brown Lanemain thoroughfare

>>>SITE: ACCESS &
CONECTION

to

The buildings North-South orientation and design ensures good access to northern light with large expanses of
glazing that allow light to reach deep into the building. Glazing to the south is designed to take advantage of the
depth of the Straw Bale facades by recessing the sections of glazing to minimise direct sunlight and prevent
overheating. The larger expanses of glazing to the South use a combination of brise soleil and an extruding
canopy to provide solar shading.
In order to achieve the most comfortable and practical environment, each building function has been taken into
consideration individually; with each space orientated according to its uses. Such design considerations not only
reduce the requirement for artificial lighting, in turn reducing energy consumption, but also improve the quality of
each working environment.
The College is built up around ‘The Street’; a central atrium space which runs along the North-South axis. The main
entrance is situated to the North end, encouraging movement throughout the space. In order to take advantage of
the Southern light, the majority of public spaces, as well as the College classrooms and crèche, have been
positioned to the South. In addition to the advantage of passive heating, this orientation also ensures a panoramic
view of the outside recreational space and parkland-connecting the College to the community.

→ Circulation
....is integral to the buildings overall strategic vision. The concept behind Holbeck Construction College is derived
from its context and surroundings. A strong identity is formed by the existing back to back terrace houses and the
way in which they are placed. The parallel arrangement, creates a pattern between the street, form and
threshold. With the street being the point of interaction, it becomes the driving force behind a sense of place.
Applying these factors creates a dialogue between what is new and what already exists.

→ Entrance
There are two entrances into the building, with the main one being situated to the Niorth end of ‘The Street’ and
the secondary access sited adjacent, to the South. By creating this ‘thoroughfare’, the College is accessible to both
the people of Holbeck, as well as the neighbouring communities.

→ Wind
The prevailing winds are predominantly from a Westerly direction. Situated along the Colleges West elevation is
the plant room, as well as secondary access points and fire exits from the Workshops, resulting in minimum
impact to the internal environment.

→ Rain

>>>Visual interpretation of the
final
proposal
for
Holbeck
Construction
College
and
Community Centre, showing the
overall form and layout

the large roof surface area, of the building, lends itself to the harvesting of rainwater. This is an integral part of
the Colleges overall sustainable design strategy, with the collected water being stored released back into the
building for the flushing of toilets, as well as the upkeep of the vast landscaped areas across the site.

N

ENVIRONMENT: ENERGY>>>

TECH .B

>>>Energy Source and distribution
→ Primary Energy
The College’s primary source of energy is generated by a Woodchip fuelled Combined Heat & Power (CHP) system. Biomass chp works very well on mixed use zero
heating specification developments, as the thermal demand is for hot water only, and remains consistent all year, with oversize hot water storage tanks that can meet
peak demands whilst still allowing trickle recharging throughout the day. This allows the power plant to more or less match average electrical demand, exporting to
grid when surplus power is generated on site - and importing to meet peak demand.
Biomass CHP systems, produce both heat and power and offer low carbon and low-cost energy (in the appropriate circumstances). This is ideal as the system works
best where the full outputs of the CHP system (both heat and electrical) are needed and are consumed on-site and that these site electrical and heat loads are relatively
continuous throughout the year.
→ Secondary Energy
The secondary energy source will be from photovoltaics situated in the central atrium space. The East to West Orientation of the roof and the 11.5o slope ensures a
portion of the photovoltaics will always have access to direct sunlight and at the optimum angle.
Photovoltaic surface area - 912.5sqm → electricity output 130w per sqm
912.5sqm x 130w x 24 x 365 = 1039.2mwh’s per annum @ 100% efficiency
155.8mwh’s per annum at 15% efficiency → Relevant to the Colleges location and orientation.

>>>Bio-fuelled CHP (Combined
Heat & Power) System

Combined, these two systems integrate to form a hybrid Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPVT) System
→ Materials
In order to achieve a zero waste production process, the manufactures of both the Glulam structure and cross laminated timber for the straw-bale cassettes, ensure that
all timber used is certified.
In addition to this, Audits are carried out to calculate the CO2 emissions generated by the delivery vehicles and are offset against the huge amounts of stored CO2, to
give a true picture of the overall carbon count.
The elements are produced using Douglas fir timber, grown in the UK, and all gluing is carried out with adhesives which are completely solvent and formaldehyde free.
Straw as a material is known to be very flammable, attractive to vermin and susceptible to Rot when wet. The prefabricated Straw Bale components have been
designed with these issues in mind and tests have found that exposed straw-bale walls can be as effective as timber walls. Similarly, straw-bale walls that are
rendered with lime can resist fire as much as brick. The applied lime render rids of the attraction of the straw as a home to vermin as it removes the opportunity for
access. A weatherproof render and good moisture barrier will ensure the straw can outlast a typical building’s 60 year design life.
→ Heating and Ventilation
In addition to working in conjunction with the Building regulations, the design of the College follows a strategic approach in order to achieve the most passive
proposition. The most predominant aspect of this, concerns the use of timber throughout the construction, particularly in the timber floor and roof cassettes. These
provide ideal thermal efficiency, resulting in a lower output of mechanical heating.
The glazing system used throughout, takes into account the orientation of each space; with the consideration of light source as well as views. This system comprises of
fixed glazing to maximise daylight penetration into the back of the room, in addition to operable glazing where required.
These design features are enhanced, when necessary, by the Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPVT) System; with steel ducts situated around the College,
providing heating and ventilation.
A ventilation rate of 1.5 air changes per hour is adequate for the various spaces, with an independent control system allowing this to be manually controlled depending
on occupancy and air quality, maximising efficiency.

>>>Integration with
Renewable Technology

→ Artificial lighting levels
Direct, symmetrical lighting is preferred for all general illumination of work rooms, meeting rooms, public spaces and circulation zones. The required level of
illumination can be achieved with relatively little electrical power. When designing a lighting system, an angle of 70-90˚ is most preferable. This system can be
implemented throughout, with the only variants being the quantity of fittings, dependent on the areas use and the power output, relevant to the height of the space
concerned.
→ Acoustics
All sound insulation has been provided to ensure reverberation times between 1.5 and 2 seconds at mid frequency, and is capable of a minimum of NR 40.
The College workshops will account for the majority of disruption. With this in mind, a communal recreational space and cloakrooms, act as a buffering zone between
the workshops and the main atrium (‘The Street’). In addition to this, the Plant Room which houses the buildings main services has been designed with sound nuisance
in mind; with the space being orientated independently from the main public spaces.
→ Legislative framework
Part E - resistance to the passage of sound - the key areas where sound transmittance issues apply are the Workshop spaces and Plant Room, all of which have been
designed to meet regulation requirements
Part F - ventilation - as well as the fitness spaces which have been mentioned, the changing facilities have been designed to have sufficient ventilation and meet the
requirements set out in Part F.
Part l2a - conservation of fuel and power - by complying with the legislation in part l2a, the College will run as efficiently as possible to ensure no energy is wasted
through carefully controlled heating, lighting, water and ventilation equipment.

>>>Direct symmetrical
illumination

ENVIRONMENT: ENERGY>>>

TECH .B

→ Primary Energy
The College’s primary source of energy is generated by a Woodchip fuelled Combined
Heat & Power (CHP) system. Biomass chp works very well on mixed use zero heating
specification developments, as the thermal demand is for hot water only, and remains
consistent all year, with oversize hot water storage tanks that can meet peak
demands whilst still allowing trickle recharging throughout the day. This allows the
power plant to more or less match average electrical demand, exporting to grid when
surplus power is generated on site - and importing to meet peak demand.
Biomass CHP systems, produce both heat and power and offer low carbon and lowcost energy (in the appropriate circumstances). This is ideal as the system works best
where the full outputs of the CHP system (both heat and electrical) are needed and
are consumed on-site and that these site electrical and heat loads are relatively
continuous throughout the year.
→ Secondary Energy
The secondary energy source will be from photovoltaics situated in the central atrium
space. The East to West Orientation of the roof and the 11.5o slope ensures a portion of
the photovoltaics will always have access to direct sunlight and at the optimum angle.
Photovoltaic surface area - 912.5sqm → electricity output 130w per sqm
912.5sqm x 130w x 24 x 365 = 1039.2mwh’s per annum @ 100% efficiency
155.8mwh’s per annum at 15% efficiency → Relevant to the Colleges location and
orientation.
Combined, these two systems integrate to form a hybrid Concentrating Photovoltaic
and Thermal (CPVT) System
→ Materials
In order to achieve a zero waste production process, the manufactures of both the
Glulam structure and cross laminated timber for the straw-bale cassettes, ensure that
all timber used is certified.
In addition to this, Audits are carried out to calculate the CO2 emissions generated by
the delivery vehicles and are offset against the huge amounts of stored CO2, to give a
true picture of the overall carbon count.
The elements are produced using Douglas fir timber, grown in the UK, and all gluing is
carried out with adhesives which are completely solvent and formaldehyde free.
Straw as a material is known to be very flammable, attractive to vermin and
susceptible to Rot when wet. The prefabricated Straw Bale components have been
designed with these issues in mind and tests have found that exposed straw-bale
walls can be as effective as timber walls. Similarly, straw-bale walls that are
rendered with lime can resist fire as much as brick. The applied lime render rids of the
attraction of the straw as a home to vermin as it removes the opportunity for access.
A weatherproof render and good moisture barrier will ensure the straw can outlast a
typical building’s 60 year design life.
→ Heating and Ventilation
In addition to working in conjunction with the Building regulations, the design of the
College follows a strategic approach in order to achieve the most passive proposition.
The most predominant aspect of this, concerns the use of timber throughout the
construction, particularly in the timber floor and roof cassettes. These provide ideal
thermal efficiency, resulting in a lower output of mechanical heating.
The glazing system used throughout, takes into account the orientation of each space;
with the consideration of light source as well as views. This system comprises of fixed
glazing to maximise daylight penetration into the back of the room, in addition to
operable glazing where required.
These design features are enhanced, when necessary, by the Concentrating
Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPVT) System; with steel ducts situated around the College,
providing heating and ventilation.
A ventilation rate of 1.5 air changes per hour is adequate for the various spaces, with
an independent control system allowing this to be manually controlled depending on
occupancy and air quality, maximising efficiency.

TECH .B

→ Artificial lighting levels
Direct, symmetrical lighting is preferred for all general
illumination of work rooms, meeting rooms, public spaces
and circulation zones. The required level of illumination can
be achieved with relatively little electrical power. When
designing a lighting system, an angle of 70-90˚ is most
preferable. This system can be implemented throughout, with
the only variants being the quantity of fittings, dependent on
the areas use and the power output, relevant to the height of
the space concerned.
→ Acoustics
All sound insulation has been provided to ensure
reverberation times between 1.5 and 2 seconds at mid
frequency, and is capable of a minimum of NR 40.
The College workshops will account for the majority of
disruption. With this in mind, a communal recreational space
and cloakrooms, act as a buffering zone between the
workshops and the main atrium (‘The Street’). In addition to
this, the Plant Room which houses the buildings main services
has been designed with sound nuisance in mind; with the
space being orientated independently from the main public
spaces.
→ Legislative framework
Part E - resistance to the passage of sound - the key areas
where sound transmittance issues apply are the Workshop
spaces and Plant Room, all of which have been designed to
meet regulation requirements
Part F - ventilation - as well as the fitness spaces which have
been mentioned, the changing facilities have been designed
to have sufficient ventilation and meet the requirements set
out in Part F.
Part l2a - conservation of fuel and power - by complying with
the legislation in part l2a, the College will run as efficiently as
possible to ensure no energy is wasted through carefully
controlled heating, lighting, water and ventilation equipment.

TECH .B

Plant Room<<<

>>>Ground Floor

>>>First Floor

>>>Second Floor

>>>Services Duct 1:20

>>>Legend

>>>Hydronics
Colleges typically place a high demand on water and therefore
have high energy costs and require a large amount of water from
the mains water supply. The main requirements are for College
changing facilities, staff facilities and the cleaning facilities. The
College will use rainwater harvested from the roof and will treat
and reuse grey water from the showers and sinks.

>>>Water Reduction

Water
Harvesting Tank
Fall of Roof
Gutter
Downpipe

>>>Second Floor

The installation of water saving measures throughout the building
will reduce water consumption and hope to reduce the buildings
requirement froe water other than that collected and treated on
site. The following controls will be implemented throughout:
Tap Restrictors-provide an equal flow at a number of taps in a
washroom. This reduces water flow by 15%.
Push Taps-Stops taps being left on when not in use. This can save
up to 31mᵌ of water per annum.
Shower regulators
-Provide an equal flow at a number of showers in changing rooms.
This reduces water flow by 20%.

Hydronics>>>
Roof Plan
>>>First Floor

Push button showers- Stops showers from being left running when
not in use. This can save up between 5-15% per shower.

>>>Gutter Detail

Urinal flush controls- With passive infrared detectors, resulting in a
typical saving of 10% per urinal.
Toilet water dams-Typical saving of 20% per toilet.

These water controls, combined with regular maintenance, checks
for leaks, and correct temperature and pressure usage, will ensure
there are no unnecessary losses.

>>>Rainwater Harvesting & Grey water reuse
Due to the large roof surface, the proposed College is ideal for
rainwater harvesting. The collected rainwater will then be stored in
an underground water storage tank , situated adjacent to the
College plant room. Prior to entering the storage tank, the water is
filtered and UV treated, ridding the water of any harmful bacteria.
Before being used in the facilities., the water is filtered through a
purification filter and pump. Solar Thermal evacuated tubes
mounted on the roof, heat the water when necessary. Additional
water will be taken from the main water supply, when rainwater is
scarce.
Educating the public of Holbeck is also key to a successful water
management system and so efforts will be made to provide
information to the users about how they can contribute to saving
water. It will also explain what equipment and controls are in use
so they can hopefully become interested in how they could save
water and money at home.

>>>Ground Floor

Water
meter &
stopcock

Plant Room<<<

Greywater treatment

Filtration
& UV
treatment

WATER
STORAGE
TANK

>>>Legislative Framework
Building Regulations approved Document G ‘Sanitation, hot water
safety and water efficiency’ was useful in ensuring the correct
strategy regarding the filtration and treatment of the harvested
rainwater was put to use to ensure the water quality is safe for its
intended purposes. Approved document H ‘Drainage and Waste
Disposal’ set out the requirement for the design of the drainage
layouts to ensure they were positioned to allow maintenance
access and minimise the chance of blockage.

Fresh water
supply

Sanitary UseWC’s,
Showers,
Staff facilities

Purification
filter &
pump

Overflow to
stormwater
drain

>>>Water
use diagram

>>>Services Duct 1:20

Solar
|Thermal
Evacuated
tubes
Integrated
Photovoltaic
System

SERVICES & INTEGRATION>>>

TECH .B

An automatic fire detection and alarm system will be used in the College to allow
for early warning of a fire and the safe evacuation. Emergency lighting and
illuminated fire exit signs will provide a clear view of the closest exit.

>>>Fire alarm and detection system

Portable fire extinguishers have been placed outside of the spaces which are most
likely to be the cause of spread of a fire. They have also been made accessible in
staff areas so they are of easy reach if they were to be alerted of a fire by a
customer.

>>>Fire extinguishers

As mentioned above, the approved document B - ‘fire safety’ has provided the
necessary requirements to ensure the safety of users and staff in the event of a
fire. Close attention was paid to the regulations and legislation under vertical and
horizontal escape, compartmentation and fire warning systems. Direct access to
the outside has been achieved from all enclosed stairs. Wide corridors spanning
2500mm have been integrated into the design; taking into consideration the large
number of people using the whole building at any one time, exceeding the
recommended width of 2000mm for educational facilities and the like.

>>>Legislative Framework

All safe travel distances in the case of a fire, except one, comply with the guidelines set out in approved document b2 of the building regulations. legislation states that the travel distances must be
no more than 18ms in one direction and 45ms in more than one direction. The maximum travel distances shown to the South of the building rely on the main atrium stair case to act as a secondary
escape if necessary. Although this is an open staircase, its location offers direct escape from the South entrance doors.
the exception to this rule is the travel distance from the far end of the climbing wall to the closest fire exit. this is due to the restraints of the site as the southern and eastern walls are 4ms below
the entrance ground level and therefore does not allow a fire exit directly to the outside. as this space is part of a 9m high ventilated atrium, with one hour compartmentation and has clear access
to the closest fire exit, I feel users would easily be able to reach safety away from heat and smoke in the event of a fire.

>>>Escape Routes

The overall Glulam structure has excellent fire resistance due to the thick cross sections which, when exposed to fire, char at a slow and predictable rate. therefore, the communal and private
spaces will all have a minimum of 30min fire protection due to the choice of thickness of the panels and the internal wall linings.

The plant room, storage areas, fire escape stairs, office and cleaners store have all been designed to provide one hour fire protection. These areas are those that are most likely to initiate a fire
(such as the plant room) or allow a fire to spread quickly either by the materials stored in that room (e.g.. the chemicals in the cleaners store) or could allow a fire to go unnoticed (e.g. an
equipment store). In the one hour compartmentation rooms the doors must also meet this level of fire protection.

>>>Fire Compartmentation

PART

Design Studio

C

Contents
Facade
-3D Detailed Study
-Structure,
composition & detail

PART

-External Forces Vs.
Internal Desires

C

Design Studio-Integrated Technology

Pre-fabricated straw-bale panels
CO2 → 50% of the worlds
independently certified forests
are in Europe. Sustainable forest
management
for
timber
production converts CO2 from
the atmosphere into building
products.

YOUR CARBON ASSET
Increasing the environmental
return on your investment

Carbon homes and carbon
schools deliver measurable
environmental return in stored
CO2 that can be offset against
emissions associated with the
construction of new buildings.

TIMBER → Across its product
lifecycle timber has the lowest
energy consumption of any
building
material.
Timber
structures are carbon negative.
STRUCTURE → Timber acts as a
carbon sink. A solid timber
Carbon Home contains 30-40m3 of
timber,
equivalent
to
approximately 32 tonnes of CO2.

A return on your investment
that demonstrates a clear
environmental contribution and
a commitment to the UK’s
carbon reduction policies.

Wood

ENERGY → Recover energy from
timber. Recycling timber products
into energy releases more stored
energy than was used in the
products production.

Straw

The timber cross-laminated frame can use ‘offcuts’ from the lumber mill.

MATERIALITY>>> PROPOSE

Render (Lime)

The solid vertical components of the facade are
proposed to be formed from straw-bale panels. A
typical straw-bale panel is made of three natural
and sustainable materials: timber, straw and lime
render.
The straw element provides the necessary
insulation value for the panel. The strategy is to
use locally sourced straw from a neighbouring
farm for the infill of the components.
The timber element will be sustainably sourced,
cross-laminated timber that provides structural
integrity for the panel. It will need to be stained
to ensure it weathers gracefully over time.
The lime render is a breathable coating for the
straw and protects it from moisture and the
external environment. It also reduces the
greenhouse gas effect. Over its lifetime, due to the
cycle of lime changing from limestone to
quicklime and back to limestone again, most of
the CO2 released during the manufacturing
process is re-absorbed during the lifetime of the
plaster, thus being close to carbon neutral. The
internal face of the straw-bale panel will be
covered with ply lining.

Straw-bale construction techniques have changed little
since they were developed in the 19th Century. Other
building materials have evolved to suit machinemanufacturing in factories, while straw-bales are typically
hand-made. This is why, even today, straw-bales are
mostly used to build domestic houses.
For a building on the scale of Holbeck Construction
College, modern techniques are required. Whereas straw
bales are often used as load-bearing walls, we are using
them as insulation within a hanging curtain wall. Whereas
straw bales are usually hand-laid on-site, resulting in
variable quality and a longer programme, our straw bales
are pre-fabricated off-site, in a controlled environment,
and delivered on-site ready to assemble.
However, remote manufacturing greatly increases
embodied energy by requiring the transport of materials
over a long distance. The College will use a manufacturing
process known as the ‘flying factory’. Rather than
fabricating the straw-bale panels in a distant factory,
panels will be assembled in a local barn. This will also
bring employment to the local community.

Modern technology in straw-bale construction

Design considerations
Issues
• Life cycle cost
• Maintenance cost

>>>How it’s made

A manufacturing process known as the
‘flying factory’ was used to produce
the modular cladding system. Rather
than fabricating the straw-bale panels in
a distant factory, panels were
prefabricated in a local barn using
local labour and delivered ready to be
put in place.

Aspirations
• Create a highly sustainable
development
• Overall goal to reduce CO2
emissions

It takes 3 hours to make 1
straw-bale panel.
Each full height panel is 13
meters long and weighs
almost 2 tons.

Approaches
The College brief is for the new
building
to achieve a minimum BREEAM
rating of
‘Excellent’.
There are a number of design
choices which will influence the
buildings environmental impact
and overall sustainability,
however these can be classified
into two main categories:

1

Minimising energy
consumption

• Building orientation and facade
articulation
• Material selection
• Thermal mass
• Heat recovery

2

Low or zero carbon
energy source

• Combined heat and power

FACADE: STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION & DETAIL>>>

TECH .C

With
society
today
taking an ever more
greener approach to
the way we live and
build our environment,
more
and
more
alternative approaches
to
construction
are
being applied.
The innovative and
bespoke
facade
cladding design pushes
the
boundaries
of
current
straw-bale
construction technology
delivering a modern,
distinctive
building
while using one of the
oldest
construction
materials - straw. This is
used
as
insulation
within a curtain wall, in
which
each
panel
covers every floors of
the building in one
prefabricated piece.
Each straw-bale panel
consists of a crosslaminated timber frame
filled with compressed
straw and finishes with
render for a natural
look to the external
face. The breathable
coating prevents decay
and protects the straw
from
the
external
environment.
This
particular
technique allows the
building to contribute to
the reduction in CO2
emissions, as well as
making the building
close to carbon neutral.

Bales are stacked vertically into long wooden
boxes, which are waterproofed and fitted to the
face of the building. The sides of the boxes will be
visible and eventually weather down to a silvery
grey colour > > >

>>>Construction
Straw Bale
(compacted
)
Internal
back board

Inside

Outside

Timber
spandrel panel

Internal
grade
timber

External
grade
timber

Timber cap
to
hold
render
board
Render on
cementitious
Board
>>>The components

Straw-bale panels

Timber frame/fins
The timber frames and fins, where
exposed, are protected by a light
stain. This will prevent the timber
from
rotting
or
becoming
discoloured (turning grey) through
exposure to the sun. It is intended
to use a stain that will retain as
much of the natural feature of the
timber as possible, while affording
sufficient weather protection.

The window detail consists
of operable and fixed
units mounted between
the straw-bale panels or
timber fins. The window
units will have spandrel
panels to conceal slab
edges. These will have an
opaque glass finish.

Glazed opaque
spandrel panel

Fixed window

Timber fin

Lime render
(Straw-bale
behind)

Windows

The straw-bale panel consists of
a timber sub-frame filled with
compressed straw. The external
face is rendered with lime for
natural finish, while the internal
face is lined with timber. These
panels will be prefabricated in
storey-high units and installed
as a unitised cladding system.

Operable
window

>>>Typical cladding detail


TECH .C

The glazing system used throughout, takes into account the orientation of
each space; with the consideration of light source as well as views. This
system comprises of fixed glazing to maximise daylight penetration into the
back of the room, in addition to operable glazing where required.
>>>Climate change and resource depletion
The building orientation and design ensures good access to northern light
with large expanses of glazing that allow light to reach deep into the
building. Glazing to the south is designed to take advantage of the depth of
the Straw Bale facades by recessing the sections of glazing to minimise direct
sunlight and prevent overheating. The larger expanses of glazing to the
South use a combination of brise soleil and an extruding canopy to provide
solar shading.

Fixed glazing to maximise
daylight penetration into
the back of the room.

VIEWS

Operable glazing where
required.

VIEWS

Opaque
glazing
provide modesty
conceal floor slab.

>>>Functional requirements


to
and

TECH .C

Design Studio-Integrated Technology

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