![De Angelis G, Cimon K, Sinclair A, et al. Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation in Discharged Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: A Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Review of Patient Preferences [Internet]. Ottawa (ON):
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2016 Mar. (CADTH Optimal Use Report, No. 5.2b.) Appendix 4, Data Abstraction Form — Clinical Review.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK362764/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/datacollectiontoolsdrkaran-250218051033-4e628b3b/85/Designing-data-collection-tools-by-dr-Karan-14-320.jpg)
![References
• Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Epidemiology. Basic Course
in Biomedical Research Course Material. Chennai: ICMR-NIE,
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/127/106/127106134/
• Mehta, T. Designing data collection tools. Basic Course in Biomedical Research
Handbook. 1st edition 2021. Pg.248 – 267
• Tenny S, Brannan JM, Brannan GD. Qualitative Study. [Updated 2022 Sep 18]. In:
StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-.Available
from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/datacollectiontoolsdrkaran-250218051033-4e628b3b/85/Designing-data-collection-tools-by-dr-Karan-31-320.jpg)
Designing data collection tools by dr Karan
- 1. Designing data collection tools Presenter : Dr. Karan Suneja (JR2) Moderator: Dr. Shoebul Haque (SR) Peer support : Dr C. Vignesh (JR2) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics King George’s Medical University Lucknow, U.P., India E-mail: drkarankgmu@gmail.com
- 2. Contents • Introduction • Types of data collection tools • Key elements • Components • Summary • References
- 3. Specific learning objectives By the end of this teaching learning session audience will be able to : • Define data and its collection • Enumerate different tools for collection • Enumerate components and testing methods • Describe WHO data collection tools
- 4. Introduction • Data word derived from ‘datum’ • Observable and measurable facts that provide information about the phenomenon under study • Data collection : process by which the researcher collect the information needed to answer the research problems
- 6. Qualitative data • Non-numerical and usually ordinal or nominal in nature • Aims to address the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of study • Includes focus groups discussions and in-depth interviews https://images.app.goo.gl/THhBBArbrMnnK2F58
- 7. Quantitative data • Numerical in nature and can be mathematically computed • Divided into discrete and continuous • Aims to address ‘how much, how often’ of the study https://images.app.goo.gl/THhBBArbrMnnK2F58
- 8. Example of qualitative vs quantitative data Data unit Numeric variable Quantitative data A person How many children do you have? 2 children How much do you earn? Rs.60,000 per month How many hours do you work? 40 hours per week Data unit Categorical variable Qualitative data A person In which country you were born? India What is your occupation? Teacher Do you work full- time or part- time? Full-time
- 9. Primary Data • Data collected for the first time • Collected directly from target population • Example: market research and student thesis https://images.app.goo.gl/uAHEDjQxmh7hVWdAA
- 10. Secondary Data • Data collected through primary sources • Easier to collect • Eg: review articles, newsletters, WHO reports https://images.app.goo.gl/uAHEDjQxmh7hVWdAA
- 11. Primary data Secondary data Real time data Past data Always specific to the researcher needs Not specific Expensive Low cost Excellent data quality Data quality not up to the mark More time consuming Less time consuming Capable of solving a specific problem Less capable Advantages and disadvantages
- 12. Data collection tools • Instruments or aids used for the purpose of collecting and recording the data • Depends on the type of research method • Examples : Types of method Tools for data collection Questioning 1.Questionnaire 2. Visual analogue scale
- 13. Different tools for collection of data 1. Abstraction form : Review of records • Personal records • Clinical records • Surveillance records • Registers Patient’s diary in a clinical trial, where they note their symptoms and medicine intake Electronic health records of patient Government reports on dengue cases in different regions A cancer registry storing patient details, treatments, and survival rates (NCRP)
- 14. De Angelis G, Cimon K, Sinclair A, et al. Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation in Discharged Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: A Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Review of Patient Preferences [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2016 Mar. (CADTH Optimal Use Report, No. 5.2b.) Appendix 4, Data Abstraction Form — Clinical Review.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK362764/
- 15. 2. Structured observation guide • Used in documenting certain process and in depth interviews • Checklist required such as texts and figures Example: observation of healthcare centre for TB services TB screening Lab tests Anti-Tb treatment Awareness
- 16. Questionnaire • Interview - administered • Computer assisted • Self-administered https://images.app.goo.gl/wwvRz4CcPNdRnNJb6
- 17. Information collected with data collection tools
- 18. Key elements of data collection tools Clarity of data obtained Comphrensiveness of responses in terms of categories Constraints in responses of what information could get collected Context of questions Utility of the instructions Order of questions
- 19. Components of data collection tools 1.Introduction Presentation Objectives Informed consent Concluding statements 2.Identifiers Actual Coded 3.Instructions General Skip patterns
- 20. 4.Body of the instrument (questions) Open item open question open answer open question closed answer Closed item dichotomous multiple option single answer multiple answers quantitative answer Semi open items
- 21. 1. An investigator wanted to study the clinical profile of patients presented with foreign body in nose, attended in the emergency department in the last 2 years in a hospital. Which of the following is the most suitable way to collect data? Ans : Review of records 2. The options are not provided in which type of questions? Ans: Open ended 3. In which type of questions other answers can be added? Ans: Semi-open questions 4. Creation of continuous variables as responses is allowed in ? Ans: Closed question Questions
- 22. • Write short and precise questions • Use simple words of every day language • Avoid negatives and double negatives • Ask only one question at the time • Specificity • Use of neutral tone to avoid influence Formulating the questions Eg : What is the effect of regular physiotherapy on pain relief in patients with chronic sciatica? Avoids unnecessary words while maintaining clarity Common terms like "regular physiotherapy" and "pain relief" instead of complex No confusing phrases like "Does lack of physiotherapy increase pain?" Focuses only on the effect of physiotherapy on pain, not other factors Clearly defines the population (patients with chronic sciatica), intervention (regular physiotherapy), and outcome (pain relief) without bias.
- 23. Sorting the order of questions • From simple to complicated • General to specific • Casual to intimate • Group together questions on same topic • Chronological order • Identification questions at the beginning or end • Simplifying complex questions Eg: Patient Experience with Chronic Sciatica Management Do you currently take any medications for pain relief? How effective do you find your current pain management regimen in controlling your sciatica symptoms? How long have you experienced sciatica symptoms? What treatments have you tried for sciatica? What is your average pain level on a scale of 1 to 10? What strategies do you use to manage your pain? Have you missed work due to sciatica pain? How does sciatica pain affect your personal relationships or emotional well-being? When did you first notice your sciatica symptoms ? How have your symptoms changed over time? Original: How would you evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions on your quality of life and pain management, considering both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches? Simplified: How do different treatments (like medications or physical therapy) affect your pain and daily life? What is your age? What is your gender?
- 24. Laying out the data collection tool • Created after sorting the order of questions • Influences responses of participants • Splitting of sections • Whole page question • Spacing between questions
- 25. • Usage of large fonts • Alignment and numbering • Standardize coding of response • Auto- coding Example :
- 26. Finalizing the data collection tool • Checking the instrument against the objectives/analysis plan • Reviewing of the data collection tool • Language of the instrument
- 27. Pilot testing • Check whether instrument is clear, understandable and acceptable • Check flow and skip pattern • Check pertinence of coding • Estimate time needed • Pilot test with a few volunteers
- 28. Designing of health research tool Decide how to measure the concepts Relate concepts to study design and objectives Match the scale for measures chosen to analysis plan Ensure reliability and validity of measures Choose most appropriate method of data collection Tailor the measures to the study participants Decide how best to ask the actual questions
- 29. SCORE (survey, count, optimize, review, enable) RHIS (Routine health information system) STEPS WHO survey plus WHO data collection tools
- 30. Summary • Most commonly 4 types of data i.e. primary, secondary, qualitative and quantitative • Data collection tools are important for efficient management of data • Main tools are abstract forms, structured observation and questionnaire • Information obtained on basis of facts, knowledge and judgements • Components are introduction, identifiers, instructions and body of instrument • Pilot testing is critical for finalizing the data collection tool
- 31. References • Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Epidemiology. Basic Course in Biomedical Research Course Material. Chennai: ICMR-NIE, https://nptel.ac.in/courses/127/106/127106134/ • Mehta, T. Designing data collection tools. Basic Course in Biomedical Research Handbook. 1st edition 2021. Pg.248 – 267 • Tenny S, Brannan JM, Brannan GD. Qualitative Study. [Updated 2022 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/
- 32. QUESTIONS • What is data and data collection ? • What are the main components ? • Difference between qualitative vs quantitative data? • What points are tested during pilot testing ?
- 33. THANK YOU