Detection of environmental pollutant using biosensors zen mergal
Download as PPT, PDF13 likes14,614 views
This document discusses biosensors, including their definition, parts, types, history and applications. It provides details on the following: 1. Biosensors can detect physiological or biochemical changes and are composed of a biological detector, transducer and processing unit. 2. Current applications of biosensors include environmental monitoring of pollutants in soil, water and air, as well as uses in biomedical diagnosis and food analysis. 3. Future trends include improvements in biosensor materials, as well as increased use of DNA and nucleic acid biosensors, though regulatory guidelines will be needed to ensure safe use and disposal of biosensors.
Detection of environmental pollutant using biosensors zen mergal
- 1. Detection of Environmental Pollutants Using Biosensors: Future Trends and Applications Zenaida F. Mergal PhD Biology Education
- 2. Objectives Define and describe biosensors Enumerate the different parts and types of biosensors List down and describe the first animal sensors Discuss a brief history of biosensors and the latter compares of currently used chemistry analysis Outline the current and potential application/s of biosensors
- 3. Introduction Biosensors is a device that detects, transmits and records information regarding a physiological or biochemical change (D’Souza, 2001) Discovered by Leland C. Clark in 1962 Has three parts: (1) biological detector (2) transducer (3) processing unit (Maddalena, 2010)
- 4. Classification of Biosensors Classification based on three schemes: As to the receptor type An immunosensor, an antibody As to the physics of transduction process Amphoteric sensor As to application Medical Biosensor
- 5. First Animal Biosensors Canary yellow old time ‘Coal Miners’ Biosensor African clawed frog Detects earthquakes (as far as 74 km) Has melanophores, which allow them to change color in the presence of bacterial pathogens Chinook Salmon Also has melanophores which rapidly detects human pathogens
- 6. Brief History of Biosensors 1962 – Leland C. Clark first described a biosensor as an amphoteric enzyme electrode for glucose 1969 – first potentiometric biosensor 1970s– Ion Selective Field Effect Transistor, Fiber Optic Sensor 1980s–first 1980s– Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor (SPR) 1990s – SPR based and handheld biosensors Current – quantum dots, nanoparticles
- 7. Current Applications of Biosensors Environmental Monitoring Genotoxic compounds Soil Contaminants (pesticides, heavy metals, explosives) Water Pollutants Bioremediation Other Important Applications and Trends Biomedical Applications (Diagnosis of Diseases) Food Analysis
- 8. Current Applications of Biosensors Environmental Monitoring Detection of Ecotoxicological substances (Eggen, 2003) Monitoring of organic and inorganic pollutants (Mazaz, 2006) In Situ Monitoring of environmental pollutants (Shin, 2010) Wireless biosensor (Endo, 2010)
- 9. Current Applications of Biosensors Environmental Monitoring (cont’n) Microbiological/Bacterial Biosensors (Belchor, 2001 and Jantra, 2005) Luminiscent Emitting Bacteria (Aveni, 2000) Cyanobacteria, Yeast and Fungi (Belkin, 2003)
- 10. Current Applications of Biosensors Environmental Monitoring (cont’n) 1. Genotoxic compounds detection Detection of DNA damaging or genotoxic compounds using DNA biosensor (Bagni, 2005) 3. Soil Contaminants identification Heavy Metals (Solanki, 2009) Usually released thru industrial wastes Includes Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Mercury Detected using Plasmon Resonance-based DNA biosensor
- 11. Current Applications of Biosensors 2. Soil Contaminants identification (cont’n) Toxic pesticides and heavy metals (Rao, 2007) Heavy metals mobility and bioavailability (Almendras, 2009) Included Arsenic, Copper, Iron, Lead and Zinc Compared chemical sequential extraction against biomet sensors Pesticides detection (Förster, 2008) Employed high affinity biosensors and antibodes (recognition) Can detect and discriminate different explosives
- 12. Current Applications of Biosensors 3. Water Pollutants Analysis of Mineral water (Deryabin, 2008) Used bioluminiscent detection system Determination of Iron Loading (Poiata, 2005) Employed Pseudomonas aeruginosa Principle of testing involved uptake of iron by bacteria and emission of lumniscence Bioactive Organic Compounds Detection (Tschmelak, 2005) Tested water for presence of certain hormones such as testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, propanil, etc.
- 13. Current Applications of Biosensors 3. Water Pollutants Freshwater Toxicity (Durrieu, 2004) Tested water for presence of certain hormones such as testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, propanil, etc. Made use of two algal biosensors Biological Oxygen Demand Determination (Ponomarevaa, 2011) Used microbial biosensors Oil Spills (Houlton, 2011) Made use of new antibody-based biosensor
- 14. Current Applications of Biosensors 4. Bioremediation Toxicity monitoring (Souxsie, 2005) Prevent toxic shock Marine pollutants (Houlton, 2011) Track and detect oil spills to arrest spread
- 15. Current Applications of Biosensors Other Important Applications and Trends 1. Biomedical Applications Diagnosis of Diseases (Endo, 2010) Monitoring of Blood Glucose Multi-signal digital biosensors (Wang, 2010) Tested glucose, lactate, norepinephrine Malarial Screening (Potipitak, 2011) Can diagnose malaria due to P. falciparum Can determine genotype of malarial species
- 16. Current Applications of Biosensors Other Important Applications and Trends 1. Food Analysis Detection of Environmental and Food Contaminants (Baeumner, 2003) Whole Cell biosensors (Michelini, 2006) Detects genotoxic compounds, xenobiotics, endocrine disrupting compounds Mycotoxin detection and other contaminants (Tudorache, 2007) Also detected lactic acid, ethanol, etc.
- 17. Biosensor Trends Conclusions: Areas of improvement New materials for biosensor production (Wiles, 2005) DNA (Potipak, 2011) and nucleic acid biosensors (Fe, 2011) Factors affecting Biosensors Sensitivity, Efficiency, and Reliability (Deryabin & Alexshina, 2008)
- 18. Biosensor Trends Conclusion (cont’n) Factors affecting Biosensors (cont’n) Presence of salt, cations and anions (Hassibi, 2007) Enhance of Biosensor Performance Acridine Orange for TYR-immobilized CF-based flow biosensor (Wang, 2011)
- 19. Final Thoughts With these technological advancements, the only hindrance towards development lies on current policies and financial restrictions. World Health Organization as well as Environmental Protection Agencies of various countries should take full advantage of these biosensors in environmental monitoring, detection of various kinds of pollutants, bioremediation and other medical applications.
- 20. Final Thoughts However, the use of such devices may be subjected to abuse, therefore appropriate laws, policies, rules and regulations should be in place prior to full launching of researches associated with clinical trials and ecosystem element participation. In the end, disposal of used or consumed biosensors may also pose significant ecological and health risk if not properly done.