Dev psych.ch2.studyguide
- 1. Chpt 2 Study Info – Developmental Psych Learning Goals 1. Discuss the evolutionary perspective on life-span development. • How can natural selection and adaptive behavior be defined? • What is evolutionary psychology? • What are some basic ideas about human development proposed by evolutionary psychologists? • How might evolutionary influences have different effects at different points in the life span? • How can evolutionary psychology be evaluated? 2. Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. • What are genes? • How are genes passed on? • What basic principles describe how genes interact? • What are some chromosome and gene-linked abnormalities? 3. Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. • What is behavior genetics? • What are three types of heredity-environment correlations? • What is meant by the concepts of shared and nonshared environmental experiences? • What is the epigenetic view of development? • What conclusions can be reached about heredity-environment interaction? 4. Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. • What is the course of prenatal development? • How does the brain develop in the prenatal period? • What are some prenatal diagnostic tests? • What are some of the main hazards to prenatal development? • What do prenatal care programs provide? 5. Summarize how birth takes place. • What are the three main stages of birth? • What are some different birth strategies? • What is the transition from fetus to newborn like for the infant? • What are three measures of neonatal health and responsiveness? • What are the outcomes for children if they are born preterm or with a low birth weight? • What is bonding? How is it linked to child outcomes? Key Terms Active genotype-environment correlations Klinefelter syndrome Adoption study Low-birth-weight infants Apgar Scale Meiosis Behavior genetics Mitosis
- 2. Bonding Natural childbirth Brazelton Neonatal Scale Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale Chromosomes Neurons DNA Nonshared environmental experiences Down syndrome Organogenesis Embryonic period Passive genotype-environment correlations Epigenetic view Phenotype Evocative genotype-environment correlations Phenylketonuria (PKU) Evolutionary psychology Prepared childbirth Fertilization Preterm infant Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Shared environmental experiences Fetal period Sickle-cell anemia Fragile X syndrome Small-for-date infants Genes Teratogen Genotype Turner syndrome Germinal period Twin study Kangaroo care XYZ syndrome Zygote Key People Paul Baltes Ferdinand Lamaze Albert Bandura Barry Lester T. Berry Brazelton David Moore David Buss Robert Plomin Charles Darwin Sandra Scarr Tiffany Field Edward Tronick Gilbert Gottlieb