Development of Solid Colour Shade Detection and Matching Machine

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 6 Issue 5, July-August 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50543 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 875
Development of Solid Colour Shade
Detection and Matching Machine
Gurdeep Singh
Department of Fashion Technology, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT
The color shade of dyed fabric or printed fabric color defect plays a
major role in determining the quality of fabric color. Hence there is a
need for inspection of color shade for its quality. Conventionally
inspection for quality of color and defect in color shade is carried out
either manually in mainstream of industries or by using color
matching cabinet technique. In this paper, the focus is on the
inspection of the variations in color strength and color shade of single
uniform color using various LAB space models on computer
generated image samples without any manual help for clarification.
RGB colors sensor process is used various fields for analyzing
different applications such as medical sciences, biological sciences.
Various color sensor image types have been used to detect shade
variation. This work is analyzed and compared two types of color
sensor original frequency RGB and current frequency RGB color
space, RGB color sensor and the comparative result is given.
Methods/Statistical Analysis: We examined and analyzed the RGB
original value and RGB detected current value sensor with color
space using techniques such as pre-processing, segmentation,
clustering for detecting shade of color, Results/Finding: In detecting
the solid color, color becomes an important feature to identify the
shade variation color and matching. We have considered RGB color
sensor and used for garment enhancement and segmentation for
extraction of the variation garment sample which are used to identify
the shade mismatch level. Conclusion: RGB color sensor has given
better clarity and RGB detection value which is suitable for fabric
shade detection than computer color matching and color match
cabinet.
KEYWORDS: Fashion Technology, RGB color senser, fabric Shade
detection, matching specimen machine
How to cite this paper: Gurdeep Singh
"Development of Solid Colour Shade
Detection and Matching Machine"
Published in
International Journal
of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-6 |
Issue-5, August
2022, pp.875-898, URL:
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International Journal of Trend in
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INTRODUCTION
The Indian textile and apparel industry is extremely
huge and diverse, employing 35 million people and
accounting for 27 per cent of the country's exports.
The fashion business plays a pivotal role as a key
driver of the national budget and has grown to be the
foremost significant contributor to the country's
budget over nearly three decades of its existence. The
industry recorded a stimulating growth during a
protected market environment; it faces a series of
challenges notably in areas such as:
Price competitiveness.
Faster lead times.
High raw material base.
Better Quality.
In order to understand perfect garment quality and
price , one must realize all the activities including
purchase of materials , sewing, packing, transport,
overheads, etc. & one must think just about all of
those exercises altogether about their quality,
measures, focal points and hazard factors. Likewise,
he should realize the way to tackle Arvind Knits
active wear. Ltd. | Gurdeep Singh, MFT, NIFT 10 the
problems when happened and to require appropriate
substitute choice promptly in time. We should know
that there are consistently vacillations within the
expenses of crude materials and adornments, charges
of stitching, handling, completing the method of,
sewing and pressing, charges of transport and
IJTSRD50543

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
movement. Subsequently, we should always have
update information about the foremost recent costs
and charges, most upto-date techniques, strategies and
quality frameworks, advertise costs and accessibility,
transportation (street, ocean, air) and cargo charges,
then forth we must remember that the standard
depends on price; price depends on quality. Every
product will have different price consistent with its
quality. We don't make just one quality of garments.
Also, we making the clothes not just for one
customer. While we do the garment costing, the
customer’s index, quality & quantity and payment
terms, to be taken into consideration.
PROBLEM FORMULATION:
INITIAL IDEA
Simplification of shade variation of garments during
concept sample development stage to generate value
for research & development in new technology by
development of solid color shade detection and match
through machine vision.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
During spreading and cutting process at the cutting
panel stage, there are certain variances that are not
taken into consideration because of its negligible
effect during the ticketing and numbering production
stage; there is a random shade variation in garment
from concept development stage to production stage.
The main problems here in shade variation are given
below-
you probably did not find out the entire roll colour
variation. Its more difficult task for worker
After the cutting the panel are mismatch. It's far
possibilities of coloration variation in garment.
Continuously running shade this is distinctive cad
marker for special close marker.
Earlier sewing line feeding time panel manual
checking and matching its bypass to stitching line
Human eye didn’t prefect match
No check-points for color variation
A department like sampling takes more time than the
usual because of absence of Research &
Development.
OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
To develop shade of variation with extrapolation of
existing methods which can attempt to reduce
rejection of garment & generate value for investment
for Research & Development in new technical
machinery
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:
The objectives of graduation project is firstly to
realize practical exposure and secondly technology of
knowledge on reality projects and/or assignments.
This graduation project is aimed towards blending the
class room principles with industry application. This
project also helps students to learn and improve their
interpersonal communication skills with colleagues,
peer group and workers. The main Objective of
Graduation Project is –
“To development of solid colour shade detection and
matching machine”
SUB-OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT Sub-
objectives of the project will be all the secondary
objectives which are required for achieving Primary
or main objective of the research.
 To find out factors of which are not there in past
researches & previously technology.
 To minimize the shade variation in garment
production stage for better quality.
 To find manufacturing profitability in
implementing new machine, this will also reduce
rejection, labour & Cost
REVIEW OF LITERATURE: - A review of
literature may be a self-contained unit -- an end in
itself -- or a preface to and rationale for engaging in
primary research. A review may be a required a part
of research proposals and usually, the aim of a review
is to research critically a segment of a published body
of knowledge through summary, classification, and
comparison of prior research studies, reviews of
literature, and theoretical articles or Journals.
Everything Starts with Light
Color is a crucial feature in visual information
reaching the human eye or an artificial sensory
system. The color information is based on the
electromagnetic (EM) radiation reflected, transmitted,
or irradiated by an object be observed. Distribution of
this radiation intensity is signified as a wavelength
range. In the standard approach, color is seen as
human sensation to this spectrum on the wave length
range 380–780nm In a common use of the term and
as an attribute of an object, color is treated in many
ways in human communication. Color has importance
in many different discipline es and there are a number
of views to the color: in biology, color vision and
colorization of plants and animals; in psychology,
color vision. The new technological development in
illumination and in camera and display technology
requires new way of managing colors. RGB or other
three-dimensional color representations are not
enough anymore the light-emitting diodes (LED) are
coming into illumination and displays rapidly. There,
the color radiation spectrum is so peaky that
managing it requires a more accurate color
representation than RGB (Source: Advanced Color

Image Processing and Analysis_ 2013 Christine
FernandezMaloigne Xlim-SIC Laboratory University
of Poitiers 11 Bd Marie et Pierre Curie Futur scope
France
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR
A. The color of an object can be defined as an
object’s physical attribute or as an object’s
attribute as humans see it. The first one is
measurable attribute, but what humans see we
cannot measure, since it happens in the human
brain. In both definitions, the colour information
is carried to the colour detector within the sort of
electromagnetic waves
B. If the detector is human eye, seeing color of an
object is based on how human eye senses the
electromagnetic signal reaching the eye and how
this sensory information is forwarded to the brain.
In the artificial color vision systems, the signal
reaches the detector and the detector response is
related to the wavelength sensitivity of detector.
Figure
(Source: Advanced Color Image Processing and Analysis_ 2013 Christine Fernandez-Maloigne Xlim-SIC
Laboratory University of Poitiers 11 Bd Marie et Pierre Curie Futur scope France
RESEARCH JOURNALS ABSTRACT
Color identify is a very complex procedure, with set patterns and guidelines followed by the industry, and it is
difficult to find out shade variation for every process there are some inbuilt while shade, elaborate. How We See
Objects Light rays from any source travel altogether directions. Some of these rays hit the three we are looking.
Some of these rays bounce off the object and are reflected back to our eyes, and still others are absorbed by the
object itself. Only the light that reaches our eyes enters the light-sensitive cells there, and sends messages to the
brain.
How the Eye Sees Color?
1. The human eye is much like a camera. It has a lens, a light-sensitive layer called a retina, and an eyelid that
acts as a shudder.
2. Although we don't know everything about how the eye sees color, we do know that human vision relates to
three colors: Red Green Blue
3. Research indicates that the brain translates wavelengths of light into color sensation, as a function of nerve
connections and of the brain.
4. Now, let's look at two systems for creating color.
(Source: Study material: US_plugins_acrobat_en_motion_education_colorTh eory.pdf Kodak is a trade
mark of Eastman Kodak Company. ©EastmanKodakCompany,2007 ME-39
Different Types of Light Sources
Colored objects will look different under different light sources. This is because each light basis has a slightly
different mixture of the highlighted rays. This is particularly important to photographers who use this
information daily in adjusting to different lighting situations

Calculation of the color strength of uniform single color
Calculation of color strength which is second parameter in our presented work is based on HIS color model. It
requires single uniform color samples. In this RGB input color model is converted to HSI [color model because
of the RGB, CMY and other similar color models do not well suit for describing color in terms that are practical
for human interpretation. Hue may be a color attribute that describes a pure color, where as saturation gives a
measure of degree to which pure color is diluted by white light and brightness is a subjective descriptor that is
practically impossible to measure. It embodies that achromatic notation of intensity and the factor in describing
color sensation. Image in RGB color format
Source: Study material: Measurement of Colour Shade Variation & Colour Strength for Uniform Colour
using LAB Space Model for Computer Generated Images Suhas R. Desai1, Vishal Patil2 E&TC Department
SGMCOE, Mahagaon, India (International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242
Volume 6 Issue 11 November 2017, Page No. 22848-22853 Index Copernicus value (2015): 58.10 DOI:
10.18535/ijecs/v6i11.0
METHODOLOGY
STEPS OF METHODOLOGY:
To development of solid colour shade detection and matching machine with extrapolation of existing methods
which will try to reduce shade variation & generate value for investment for Research & Development in new
technical machinery.

DATA ANALYSIS PHASE
Color detection methods maybe a very young technology, its usage runs across various number of applications,
within the apparel industry its complete setup has yet not been deployed.
During our primary research we have found that using simple circuit boards like Arduino and raspberry pi, we
will innovate a technology completely suitable for the aim.
Key Research Areas
1. Fabric color detection
2. shade variation
3. matching exact same color for all parts
4. segregating pieces as per the dimension and color
5. printed fabric all over shade variation
Chart description -Chart is represent the Jan to Feb total no of output pcs and total rejection every single line
wise shade variation. the one to twenty-seven number are representing the line wise output production and
rejection pcs

Chart description -Chart is represent the Jan to Feb total no of output pcs and total rejection every single line
wise shade variation. the one to twenty-eight number are representing the line wise output production and
rejection pcs

2 DESIGN PHASE
3 DESIGNS DEVELOPS
DEVELOPMENT PHASE
Color Sensor tcs3200
A color sensor is also a kind of "photoelectric sensor" which emits light from a transmitter, then detects the light
reflected back from the detection object with a receiver. A color sensor can detect the received light intensity for
red, blue and green respectively, making it possible to work out the color of the target object.
There are wo sorts of color sensors. One illuminates the object with broad wavelength light and differentiates the
three sorts of colors within the receiver.
The other type illuminates the object with the three types of light (red, blue, and green) independently.
In both scenarios, the received light intensity of red, blue and green are detected, and the ratio of light received is
calculated

Arduino with colour sensor
Using Arduino uno and TCS3200 color sensor, we started a color detection program capable of identifying
RGB colors value, with the assistance of programming and color sensor value match and reject, we’ll able to
segregate pieces as per decided color
We can storage of last 1000 value with the support raspberry pi
Process of color sensor
The TCS3200 has an array of photodiodes with 4 dissimilar filters. A photodiode is just a semiconductor unit
that converts light into current. The sensor has:
16 photodiodes with red filter – the sensitive to red wavelength
16 photodiodes with green filter – the sensitive to green wavelength
16 photodiodes with blue filter – the sensitive to blue wavelength
16 photodiodes without filter
 High-Resolution Conversion of Light Intensity to Frequency
 Programmable Color and Full-Scale Output Frequency
 Communicates Directly With a Microcontroller
 Single-Supply Operation (2.7 V to 5.5 V)
 Power Down Feature
 Nonlinearity Error Typically 0.2% at 50 kHz
 Stable 200 ppm/°C Temperature Coefficient
 Low-Profile Lead (Pb) Free and RoHS Compliant Surface-Mount Package

5 Display
LCD2004 20X4 BLUE SCREEN 5V LCD DISPLAY Description
The 2004-character LCD module is meant to display letters, numbers, symbols, dot matrix. It can display4 lines
of 20 characters. Support 4-bit and 8-bit data transfer mode.
It's easily controlled by MCU such as per 8051, PIC, AVR, ARDUINO, ARM and Raspberry Pi. It can be used
in any embedded systems, industrial device, security, medical and hand-held equipment.
Features
20X4 Character LCD Display Module Blue Backlight.
Display Format: 20 Characters x 4 lines
Built-in controller: ST 7066 (or equivalent)
Duty cycle: 1/16
5 x 8 dots includes cursor
Blue backlight
Fully accumulated and tested Serial LCD 20x4 Module
The module can be easily interfaced with a MCU
The module is a low-power consumption character LCD Module with a built-in controller
TESTING PHASES
Data compare between two simple
Simple freq: taking a 20 reading show mean RGB value on display
Current freq: taking a 20 reading show mean RGB value on display
Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3
4 RGB color space
RGB colour space or RGB colour system, constructs all the colours from the assortment of the Red, Green and
Blue colours.
The red, green and blue use 8 bits each, which have number values from 0 to 255. This makes
256*256*256=16777216 possible colours.
RGB ≡ Red, Green, Blue
Each pixel in the LED monitor displays colours this way, by combination of red, green and blue LEDs (light
emitting diodes).
When the red pixel is set to 0, the LED is turned off. When the red pixel is set to 255, the LED is turned fully on.
Any value amongst them sets the LED to partial light emission.
Calculation examples

5 RGB color table
Basic colours:
Hex
Code
Color
HTML / CSS
Name
Decimal Code
#RRGGBB (R,G,B)
Black #000000 (0,0,0)
White #FFFFFF (255,255,255)
Red #FF0000 (255,0,0)
Lime #00FF00 (0,255,0)
Blue #0000FF (0,0,255)
Yellow #FFFF00 (255,255,0)

Cyan / Aqua #00FFFF (0,255,255)
Magenta /
Fuchsia
#FF00FF (255,0,255)
Silver #C0C0C0 (192,192,192)
Gray #808080 (128,128,128)
Maroon #800000 (128,0,0)
Olive #808000 (128,128,0)
Green #008000 (0,128,0)
Purple #800080 (128,0,128)
Teal #008080 (0,128,128)
Navy #000080 (0,0,128)
maroon #800000 (128,0,0)
dark red #8B0000 (139,0,0)
brown #A52A2A (165,42,42)
firebrick #B22222 (178,34,34)

crimson #DC143C (220,20,60)
red #FF0000 (255,0,0)
tomato #FF6347 (255,99,71)
coral #FF7F50 (255,127,80)
indian red #CD5C5C (205,92,92)
light coral #F08080 (240,128,128)
dark salmon #E9967A (233,150,122)
salmon #FA8072 (250,128,114)
light salmon #FFA07A (255,160,122)
orange red #FF4500 (255,69,0)
dark orange #FF8C00 (255,140,0)
orange #FFA500 (255,165,0)
gold #FFD700 (255,215,0)
dark golden rod #B8860B (184,134,11)

golden rod #DAA520 (218,165,32)
pale golden rod #EEE8AA (238,232,170)
dark khaki #BDB76B (189,183,107)
khaki #F0E68C (240,230,140)
olive #808000 (128,128,0)
yellow #FFFF00 (255,255,0)
yellow green #9ACD32 (154,205,50)
dark olive green #556B2F (85,107,47)
olive drab #6B8E23 (107,142,35)
lawn green #7CFC00 (124,252,0)
chart reuse #7FFF00 (127,255,0)
green yellow #ADFF2F (173,255,47)
dark green #006400 (0,100,0)

green #008000 (0,128,0)
forest green #228B22 (34,139,34)
lime #00FF00 (0,255,0)
lime green #32CD32 (50,205,50)
light green #90EE90 (144,238,144)
pale green #98FB98 (152,251,152)
dark sea green #8FBC8F (143,188,143)
medium spring green #00FA9A (0,250,154)
spring green #00FF7F (0,255,127)
sea green #2E8B57 (46,139,87)
medium aqua marine #66CDAA (102,205,170)
medium sea green #3CB371 (60,179,113)
light sea green #20B2AA (32,178,170)
dark slate gray #2F4F4F (47,79,79)

teal #008080 (0,128,128)
dark cyan #008B8B (0,139,139)
aqua #00FFFF (0,255,255)
cyan #00FFFF (0,255,255)
light cyan #E0FFFF (224,255,255)
dark turquoise #00CED1 (0,206,209)
turquoise #40E0D0 (64,224,208)
medium
turquoise
#48D1CC (72,209,204)
pale turquoise #AFEEEE (175,238,238)
aqua marine #7FFFD4 (127,255,212)
powder blue #B0E0E6 (176,224,230)
cadet blue #5F9EA0 (95,158,160)
steel blue #4682B4 (70,130,180)
corn flower
blue
#6495ED (100,149,237)

deep sky blue #00BFFF (0,191,255)
dodger blue #1E90FF (30,144,255)
light blue #ADD8E6 (173,216,230)
sky blue #87CEEB (135,206,235)
light sky blue #87CEFA (135,206,250)
midnight blue #191970 (25,25,112)
navy #000080 (0,0,128)
dark blue #00008B (0,0,139)
medium blue #0000CD (0,0,205)
blue #0000FF (0,0,255)
royal blue #4169E1 (65,105,225)
blue violet #8A2BE2 (138,43,226)
indigo #4B0082 (75,0,130)
dark slate blue #483D8B (72,61,139)

slate blue #6A5ACD (106,90,205)
medium slate blue #7B68EE (123,104,238)
medium purple #9370DB (147,112,219)
dark magenta #8B008B (139,0,139)
dark violet #9400D3 (148,0,211)
dark orchid #9932CC (153,50,204)
medium orchid #BA55D3 (186,85,211)
purple #800080 (128,0,128)
thistle #D8BFD8 (216,191,216)
plum #DDA0DD (221,160,221)
violet #EE82EE (238,130,238)
magenta / fuchsia #FF00FF (255,0,255)
orchid #DA70D6 (218,112,214)
medium violet red #C71585 (199,21,133)

pale violet red #DB7093 (219,112,147)
deep pink #FF1493 (255,20,147)
hot pink #FF69B4 (255,105,180)
light pink #FFB6C1 (255,182,193)
pink #FFC0CB (255,192,203)
antique white #FAEBD7 (250,235,215)
beige #F5F5DC (245,245,220)
bisque #FFE4C4 (255,228,196)
blanched almond #FFEBCD (255,235,205)
wheat #F5DEB3 (245,222,179)
corn silk #FFF8DC (255,248,220)
lemon chiffon #FFFACD (255,250,205)
light golden rod
yellow
#FAFAD2 (250,250,210)
light yellow #FFFFE0 (255,255,224)

saddle brown #8B4513 (139,69,19)
sienna #A0522D (160,82,45)
chocolate #D2691E (210,105,30)
peru #CD853F (205,133,63)
sandy brown #F4A460 (244,164,96)
burly wood #DEB887 (222,184,135)
tan #D2B48C (210,180,140)
rosy brown #BC8F8F (188,143,143)
moccasin #FFE4B5 (255,228,181)
navajo white #FFDEAD (255,222,173)
peach puff #FFDAB9 (255,218,185)
misty rose #FFE4E1 (255,228,225)
lavender blush #FFF0F5 (255,240,245)
linen #FAF0E6 (250,240,230)

old lace #FDF5E6 (253,245,230)
papaya whip #FFEFD5 (255,239,213)
sea shell #FFF5EE (255,245,238)
mint cream #F5FFFA (245,255,250)
slate gray #708090 (112,128,144)
light slate gray #778899 (119,136,153)
light steel blue #B0C4DE (176,196,222)
lavender #E6E6FA (230,230,250)
floral white #FFFAF0 (255,250,240)
alice blue #F0F8FF (240,248,255)
ghost white #F8F8FF (248,248,255)
honeydew #F0FFF0 (240,255,240)
ivory #FFFFF0 (255,255,240)
azure #F0FFFF (240,255,255)

snow #FFFAFA (255,250,250)
black #000000 (0,0,0)
dim gray / dim grey #696969 (105,105,105)
gray / grey #808080 (128,128,128)
dark gray / dark
grey
#A9A9A9 (169,169,169)
silver #C0C0C0 (192,192,192)
light gray / light
grey
#D3D3D3 (211,211,211)
gainsboro #DCDCDC (220,220,220)
white smoke #F5F5F5 (245,245,245)
white #FFFFFF (255,255,255)
(Source; https://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/RGBColor.html)
RESULT/EXPECTED OUTCOME
A. A new technology way of analysis fabric color
variation in very less time.
 Color sensor detect is done on the basis of RGB
color space with automatic show on display
 RGB value 0 to 255 frequency and next
collaboration with each other
 It can be absorbed during the RGB value of
original frequency and current frequency the
mean value show on the display after both
frequency matching the result will reject and
accept
B. Technical enhancement in R&D from total
rejection garments & profit margins of company.
 Successful examination, demo & Implementation
of new Industrial engineering technology for easy
of fabric color different & reducing rejection of
garment planning & control.
 Successful examination, demo & Implementation
of RGB sensor with Arduino by reducing manual
matching, manpower & other needful resources
CONCLUSION
In sensing/detecting the color shade in fabric, RGB
sensor Pre-processing is a consistent and efficient
way to detect a color variation. It involves a

collection of techniques that are used to improve the
quality and visual RGB value. Fabric color and
compare feature extraction are very important for
shade analysis. This project has considered and
investigated two different types of RGB value one is
original frequency and current frequency and RGB
color space. According to the tests result, RGB color
sensor has given better results than Grayscale color
matching cabinet machines. RGB sensor has given
error free frequency, which is better suited for human
or machine interpretation.
But due to an important color variation in fabric,
trims & CM which fluctuates during the production
stage, the proposed/deliberate color vary from the
actual.
Conclusively, color matching is a very critical process
which has to handled & controlled as the order
proceeds
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Machine vision for industrial applications bruce
g. Batchelor cardiff university, cardiff, wales,
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6551/3nh-portable-precise-fruit-liquid-powder-
colorimeter-
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