Developmental Coordination Disorder
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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurological condition characterized by significant impairment in motor coordination, affecting children's academic performance and daily activities. Common signs include delays in motor skills, communication difficulties, and social challenges, with a prevalence of 4-5% in children, predominantly affecting boys. Without intervention, DCD can lead to persistent difficulties and long-term impacts on social, emotional, and educational well-being.
Developmental Coordination Disorder
- 1. DCD:Developmental Coordination Disorder Dr S Sen Specialist Registrar Paediatrics North Western Deanery
- 2. What is it? Also referred to as; Clumsy, perceptual-motor difficulties, motor learning deficit, minimal brain dysfunction, (DAMP), dyspraxia,
- 3. Learning Outcomes : Define DCD and identify common characteristics Identify the types of problems these children can have Discuss the effect that DCD might have on the child’s development Justify the principles of intervention
- 4. DSM-lV Marked impairment of the development of motor co-ordination Impairment significantly interferes with academic achievement of activities if daily living Problem not due to a recognised medical condition Not a pervasive developmental delay
- 5. ICD (international classification of Disorders 10, 1992) Specific developmental disorders of motor function A serious impairment of motor co-ordination Commonly associated with visuo-spatial impairment
- 6. Prevalence : Up to 4-5 children /100 will have DCD Boy: Girl ratio of 2:1
- 7. Aetiology No clear aetiology, no single cause but.. Heredity plays an undoubted part Form a heterogeneous group Neurological disorder- central processing disorder Normal intelligence Normal appearance Part of the normal distribution? Hidden handicap
- 8. Why a child might be referred Delayed motor skills and poor co-ordination Always falling over Notably slower at doing practical tasks Untidy / disorganised handwriting Unwilling to draw / limited written output Easily distractible Behaviour problems
- 9. Some possible general signs of DCD: Motor issues : Gross motor & co-ordination difficulties Fine motor & co-ordination difficulties Delay in practical skill development May be low in tone Requires huge effort to do motor task Left right confusion Uncertain laterality
- 10. Some possible signs associated with DCD: Communication Problems : commonly associated Mixed receptive – expressive language disorder Short term memory problems Articulation problems Misses out words or jumbles them Quiet or un-modulated chatter
- 11. Some possible signs associated with DCD Play : May avoid outdoor play Difficulty amusing themselves / Poor imaginative play Flits from one activity to another Often last to be picked for a team at school
- 12. Some possible signs associated with DCD Social and emotional : May be very active or May be timid and submissive May well be marginalised, teased or bullied Be a loner Learns the art of avoidance May find it difficult to cope with changes May prefer to play with younger children
- 13. Some possible signs associated with DCD Health: Hearing- often a history of middle ear infections Vision- may have problems with control of eye muscles Sensitivities to food and chemicals
- 14. Significant co-morbidity Dyslexia ADHD Asperger’s syndrome DCD
- 15. Prognosis Without intervention - many children’s difficulties will persist into later life- with long-term impact on social, emotional and educational well-being May have learnt to compensate for their difficulties Self esteem building a key element in any intervention plan
- 16. Thank you