Developmental-Behavioral Approach
- 2. The developmental-Behavioral Approach Behavior principles & practices All children are teachable *Knowledge *problem of a match *Responsive learning environments -learning from success -environmental arrangements
- 3. Reinforcement procedures Interaction between antecedent, behavior and consequence Positive reinforcement (tangible or Primary & intangible or Secondary) Negative reinforcement Intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcement
- 4. Decreasing behaviors Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior Ignore (extinction) Remove materials or equipment Remove child Withdraw or withhold reinforcers (response cost)
- 5. Punishment Side effects of punishment Discipline or Punishment/Other options *reminders *redirection *verbal reprimands *Sit & watch *Time out
- 6. Rules Specific What is expected Observable Positive in general, but okay to be negative to emphasize the point eg. “No spitting” Economy As few rules as possible Do not give ideas Consequences Explicit about relationship between rules and consequence Be prompt, fair & immediate in implementation
- 7. Step by step learning/task analysis Observe and analyze Level at which the child is performing Teach the next level Prompts & cues Fade reinforcements as mastery occurs Move to the next level once mastery has occurred
- 8. Amount & Timing of Reinforcement Varies according to the individual Continuous Vs varied Descriptive Praise
- 9. Steps in folding a towel listen for the buzzer on the dryer signaling that the clothes are dry place the laundry basket on the floor next to the dryer door open the dryer door remove the towels to the laundry basket carry the basket to the folding table place the basket on the floor next to the folding table remove one towel lay the towel on the table, long side perpendicular to the body smooth wrinkles from the towel grip the left side of the towel with both hands and bring it to the right side, meeting edges 11.smooth wrinkles from the towel grip upper sides of the half and bring them to the lower sides meeting the edges smooth wrinkles from the towel grip the folded towel with one hand on each side, holding all the layers tightly lift the towel to stack it at the left side of the table repeat steps 7 to 15 until the basket is empty
- 10. Learning by Imitation (School Population) Teach children to imitate Generalization Motivation (only works when they know the skill) Competition is inappropriate Modeling: one step at a time use visuals when possible exaggerate concept if needed model in sequence use video modeling to replay perform in the same manner as first presentation Provide an outline to take notes (formative & summative)