Dextrin
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Dextrin is an intermediate product of starch hydrolysis. It is produced through the partial hydrolysis of starch using dilute acid, enzymes, or heat. Dextrin has various uses including as an excipient in pills and extracts, for thickening dyes and emulsions, and in paper sizing. Honey is obtained from bees and has uses as a sweetener, cough remedy, and infant nutrient due to its sugar content. Sugars like sucrose, dextrose, and lactose are commonly used pharmaceutical adjuvants for purposes like masking tastes, preventing oxidation, and diluting drugs.
Dextrin
- 1. P H A R M A C O G N O S Y P R E S E N T A T I O N B Y Q U D S I A R E H M A N Dextrin
- 2. Definition: A group of sticky substances that are intermediate products in the conversion of starch to maltose. OR These are intermediate products of hydrolysis of starch by acids or by the enzyme amylase. Synonyms: British Gum; Starch Gum; Pyrodextrin; Torrefaction dextrin; Canary dextrin; Yellow dextrin; White dextrin Preparation: Dextrin is produced by a dextrinization process which is defined as partial hydrolysis of starch with dilute acid or by heating dry starch. Basically, dextrin can be produced using three different methods such as enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis and by the action of heat, or both heat and acid, on starch.
- 4. Uses 1. As an excipient for dry extracts and pills. 2. It is used for preparing emulsions and dry bandages. 3. It is employed for thickening of dye-pastes and mordants used in printing fabrics. 4. It is used for sizing paper and fabrics. 5. It is employed for preparing felt and printing tapestries. 6. It is used for preparing printer’s inks, glues and mucilage. 7. It is employed for polishing cereals. 8. It is extensively used in making matches, fireworks and explosives.
- 5. Honey Biological Source: Apis mellifica, Apis indica Family: Apideae Habitat:Africa, India, Australia, California, Chili, Great Britain and New Zealand. Chemical Constituents : essential oil, beeswax, pollen grains, formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, maltose, dextrin, colouring pigments, vitamins and an admixture of enzymes eg; diastase, invertase and inulase.
- 6. Uses 1. It is used as a sweetening agent in confectionaries. 2. Being a demulsent, it helps to relieve dryness and is, therefore, recommended for coughs, colds, sore-throats and constipation. 3. Because of its natural content of easily assimilable simple sugars, it is globaly employed as a good source of nutrient for infants, elderly persons and convalescing patients 4. It is antiseptic and applied to burns and wounds 5. It is used in preparation of creams,lotions and soft drinks
- 7. Dextrin is obtained from… Ispaghula Sarch Botanical origin: Plantago Ovata Family Name: Plantaginaceae Part Used: Seed Wheat Starch Botanical origin: Triticum sativum Family Name: Poaceae
- 8. Corn Starch Botanical origin: Zea mays Family Name: Poaceae Part Used: Corn kernel
- 9. Commercial preparation of dextrin High grade dextrins are prepared by heating starch which has been moistened with small quantity of dilute nitric acid and dried ,at 110-115 C , the product is known as white dextrin. Inferior dextrins , which have yellow or brown colour , are prepared by roasting starch at 150-250C without addition of acid. White dextrins may contain upto 15% of soluble starch.
- 10. Sugar as an Adjuvant Sucrose: It is pharmaceutic nesssecity for syrups. In sufficient concentration in aqueous solution, it act as bacteriostatic and preservative. It masks disagreeable tastes in troches and tablets and retards oxidation in certain preparations. Dextrose: It is an ingredient in dextrose injection e.g dextrose and sodium chloride injection It is also present in anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution and in anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose solution, for the storage of whole blood.
- 11. Liquid glucose: It is employed as a sweetening agent, as a substitute for sucrose in syrups, as a tablet binder and coating agent. Lactose : It is a tablet diluent. Its principle pharmaceutic use is an inert diluent for drugs. Caramel: Caramel is used in coloring agebt in certain pharmaceutic preparations.