Differences between-men-and-women
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The document discusses several key physical and psychological differences between men and women. It notes that men and women process and perceive information differently due to differences in brain structure and wiring. Some of the main differences highlighted include: men having thicker retinas tuned to movement detection while women have thinner retinas tuned to color and texture; male infants showing a preference for moving objects while female infants prefer faces; and males tending to use physical aggression while females favor verbal aggression. The document argues these differences evolved to support traditional gender roles in survival and childrearing.
Differences between-men-and-women
- 1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN EDTOP-I (Special Topic) Prepared by: Magtangob, Gerald D.
- 4. The main room in the house
- 6. Bathroom
- 8. • Brain scans, controlled studies, evolutionary psychology, and anthropology demonstrate that men and women are not the same! • We are physically & mentally different.
- 9. •We input, process and deliver information differently. •We evolved with different priorities, and we are marinated in different combinations of hormones. •This leads to a misaligned interpretation of reality, which creates conflict, not only in our love lives, but in our family lives, and the lives of our children.
- 10. 1. Men & women don't see in the same way For example: -The male retina is thicker – It has more M cells (magnocellular) – M cells are larger and are distributed across the retina – M cells are responsible for tracking the movement of objects
- 11. 1. Men & women don't see in the same way -The female retina is thinner – It has more P cells (parvocellular) – P cells are smaller & concentrated around the center of the retina – P cells are responsible for identifying objects & analyzing texture and color
- 12. 2. Female babies like faces, male babies like moving objects • This isn't surprising, since – as we just learned – males and females see differently. • Over 100 infants were studied on the day of their birth. They were given a choice between looking at a young woman's face or a dangling mobile.
- 13. • The researchers were not told the sex of the babies while they recorded their eye movement. The boys were twice as likely to prefer gazing at the mobile and the girls were more likely to look at the face. • In the first few months of life, a baby girl's eye contact and mutual facial gazing will increase by over 400% while the boys will show significantly less improvement.
- 14. 3. Boys and girls like to draw different things – Most girls prefer drawing people, animals, and plants, arranged symmetrically & facing the viewer. – They're more likely to use lots of color and the colors they use tend to be warm. – Boys mostly draw action scenes with dynamic movement. – It's not common for them to use more than 6 colors, and the colors they do use tend to be cool.
- 15. 4. Females hear better than males • In the brain centres for language and hearing, women have 11% more neurons than men (Brizendine. “The Female Brain” 5) • Females not only hear better, but can discern between a broader range of emotional tones in the human voice.
- 16. • Women are designed to be nurturers, so hearing & interpreting their infant's cries is kind of an important skill. • A study of infants on the day of their birth showed that girls will respond more to the cries of another baby than boys.
- 17. 5. Females can verbally express their emotions better than males • Researchers found out that in children, negative emotions were localized in the primitive area of the brain, the amygdala. • This part of the brain has few direct connections to the language & reasoning center in the cerebral cortex, which is why it's difficult for most kids to verbally express how they feel.
- 18. • Then in adolescence, a large portion of the brain activity associated with negative emotion moves up from the amygdala to the cerebral cortex…but this change only happens in girls. • A study from Germany duplicated this finding, and went on to conclude that both positive and negative emotions are processed differently in males and females post puberty.
- 19. • Judging by this, it's no surprise that men rarely want to "talk about it. • Men are wired to avoid contact with others when they are going through a rough time & even report thinking women would want to do the same. • So before you get mad at your male classmate and think that his stupid, for his silence, remember that it's literally difficult for him to verbalize his feelings.
- 20. 6. Boys naturally use movement to think • Boys and girls of grade school age were studied to see how long it took them to solve conceptual math problems. • The boys solved the problems faster than the girls. • The researchers noted that when asked to explain how they got the answer, most of the boys gave an explanation without using any words; they wiggled, acted and gestured their process! Words were a barrier.
- 21. • So over the following few weeks the researchers taught the girls to explain their answers with movement and then retested everyone. • The girls were now able to solve the math problems as quickly as the boys. • It seems that the male and female brains have access to the same circuitry but use differently circuitry by default.
- 22. 7. Groups of boys play differently than groups of girls Boys • larger play groups • they focus on the game itself • rough n' tumble • very competitive • confrontational • establish dominance & test hierarchies • claim territory and monopolize toys • show off their physical strength • struggle for social rank • and are more likely to use threats
- 23. Girls • focus on relationship building • take turns 20 times more often than boys do • more likely to make collaborative proposals (like starting their sentences with let's) • their pretend play is usually about caregiving and relationships
- 24. • By the time boys are in first grade they get a dopamine rush when they display their power, and some studies have indicated that unanimously agreed upon hierarchies will form in nursery school, and stay stable for at least 6 months. • And the boys at the top are not necessarily the biggest; they're the boys who are least likely to back down during a conflict.
- 25. • Even males castrated shortly after birth and raised as females still tend to be the dominant ones in the group. (Harris, Judith Rich. “The Nurture Assumption” 222) • You know what's the most interesting thing about group play? That when given the option, boys and girls naturally segregate. This only changes when there's not enough kids, then boys and girls all play together.
- 26. 8. Boys are more likely to take risks • Researchers in Missouri studied the responses of kids that rode a stationary bicycle while watching a hyper- realistic simulation. • When confronted with a hazard, the boys were much slower to break than the girls.
- 27. • If it was real, many of the boys would have been seriously injured. • The boys also reported feeling excited during a simulated collision, while the girls reported feeling fearful.
- 28. 9. Females are easier to startle • This was demonstrated in a ‘scary stimuli study’ that measured fear through electrical conductivity in the skin. • 10. Women also exhibit a stronger emotional response to the anticipation of pain
- 29. 11. Males are more likely to die from an accident than females • Boys are way more likely to do dangerous things (especially if other boys are around). • -They're way less likely to listen to the warnings of their parents. • -And way less likely to tell anyone if they had an accident.
- 30. • Research at Children's Hospital in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania discovered that there's a difference in the way brain cells die after injury in males & females. • Once brain injury occurs, levels of glutathione, (a molecule that helps brain cells survive oxygen deprivation) remain stable in females, yet drops up to 80% in males, resulting in greater brain cell death.
- 31. • This could also be a vital contributing factor to the difference in the overall longevity of men and women.
- 32. 12. Men are more likely to perceive a neutral face as unfriendly • During puberty, vasopressin (influences defend your turf behavior, works with testosterone, and has a stronger effect in men) influences a boy's brain to perceive neutral faces as unfriendly. • Researchers in Maine gave teenagers a single dose of vasopressin and found that the girls were more likely to rate neutral faces as friendly, while the teen boys rated neutral faces as unfriendly or hostile.
- 33. 13. Males are more likely to exhibit aggression physically while females are more likely to exhibit aggression verbally
- 34. • A male's aggression pathways are more directly connected to brain areas for physical action. • A female's aggression pathways are closer linked to verbal functions. • Males have a larger amygdala which is the centre for aggression. • Females have a larger and faster maturing prefrontal cortex which is responsible for inhibiting aggression.
- 35. • – Males have a more active right amygdala which is linked to taking action & negative emotions. • – Females have a more active left amygdala which responsible for mental reaction rather than physical reaction.
- 36. • -Some men have what is called auto-catalytic anger, which means it becomes self reinforcing, it inhibits their fear and actually produces sensations of pleasure. - Although a woman is slower to act out of anger physically, her verbal response is difficult to stop once it gets going.
- 37. • Although a woman is slower to act out of anger physically, her verbal response is difficult to stop once it gets going. These brain differences exist because they've helped our survival. • Females are generally smaller than males so being violent towards someone stronger than you is a good way to put an end to your genetic legacy. • Females are often vulnerable because of pregnancy and infants; their survival is contingent on being part of a social group. Because females have to band together for protection, fighting other females can be just as risky to their life.
- 38. • Another reason females created with brain circuitry that helps prevent physical outbursts is to decrease the likelihood of harming their own children. • A male’s survival is linked to his rank, dominance and power, and these things, even today, can be attained by physical confrontation.
- 39. • But aggression isn't necessarily bad. • Males are also the valiant defenders of their tribe, their land and their family; these things all need physical acts of violence. • If you’re still unconvinced, look to the modern jungle: high school. • Boys fight with fists, girls fight with gossip.