Different tools used in workshop
- 1. WORKSHOP MANUFACTURING PRACTICES SEMESTER – II DIFFERENT TOOLS USED IN WORKSHOP BY MANOJ KUMAR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCE SAHARSA DATE 02-04-2020
- 2. Smithing and forging tools 2
- 3. 1. Anvil Pritchel hole is used for bending rod of smaller diameter and a die for hot punching. Hardie hole is used for holding square shanks of various fittings. 3
- 4. 2. Swage block: used mainly for squaring, sizing, heading, bending and forming operations. 4
- 5. 3. Hammer 1. Hand hammer (used by the smith himself): weight varies between 0.5 to 2 kg. eg. Ball peen hammer, straight peen hammer and cross peen hammer 2. Sledge hammer (used by the striker): weight varies between 4 to 10 kg. Ball peen hammer cross peen hammer straight peen hammer Sledge hammer 5
- 6. 4. Tongs Used for holding the hot forged work. Gad tong Rivet or ring tong Flat tong Straight lip fluted tong 6
- 7. 5. Swages: are used for work which has to be reduced and finished to round, square or hexagonal form. 6. Fullers: are used for necking down a piece of work. Top fuller 7
- 8. 7. Hot chisel Used for cutting metals and for nicking prior to breaking. 8. Punch and drift A punch is used for making holes in metal parts when it is at forging heat, and holes are opened out by driving through a larger tapered punch called drift. DriftPunch 8
- 10. What is fitting? Fitting means preparing matching parts to touch or join each other in such a way that one will turn inside of another and one will slide upon another or the part hold tightly together. Processes in the fitting shop Marking and measuring Sawing Filing Drilling Reaming Dieing Tapping Fitting shop tools Classification: Marking, measuring and testing tools Cutting tools Holding tools Striking tools 10
- 11. Marking, measuring and testing tools This type involves steel rule, meter rod, trisquare, scribber, divider, calliper, surface gauge, drill gauge. Combination set, V-block, surface plate. A scriber is a hand tool used in metal work to mark lines on workpieces, prior to machining. scriberA scriber compass/divider Firm joint callipersSpring callipers + These callipers are used for indirect measurements. 11
- 12. Cutting tools This type involves files, drills, taps, dies, reamers, hack saw, chizzles Sawing A saw is a tool for cutting wood or other material. it consist of a blade with the cutting edge toothed. The teeth of the saw are each bent to specific angle and this angle is called "set". TYPES OF SAW Hand saws: Hand saw is used manually for cutting operations. Mechanically powered saw: Mechanically powered saws mechanically move the teeth past the material while the saw itself is held stationary. Sawing is done to produce thin cuts. Hack Saw is a chief tool used, which is available in different types and sizes depending on the length of the blade and its cuts. 12
- 13. Normal dimensions of a blade = 250x12 𝑚𝑚2 Hacksaw teeth are specified by its pitch (pitch = distance b/w two successive troughs or crusts.) Pitch of the teeth should give maximum clearance for the chips and avoid clogging. (Normal pitch = 1.5mm) Sawing too sharply over a corner will result in teeth being torn off. Water is used as coolant during sawing to take out heat generating during cutting. It enhances blade life. Mechanically powered saw 13
- 14. Filing Cutting of a metal surface by using a specially designed tool, called a file. A file (or hand- file) is a hand tool used to shape material by abrasion. Classification of files Shape (Flat, round, square etc ) Grade (Rough, Bastard, Smooth etc) Cut (Single cut, Double cut, Rasp cut etc) Length ( Ranging from 4-18’’) Files have forward-facing cutting teeth, which means that the file cuts effectively only when pushed over the work piece. Pulling a file over a work piece or scraping a file back and forth is ineffective and will reduce the life of the file. The grooves in a file may become clogged during use, causing the file to lose its cutting ability. Files should always be used with a handle, otherwise the naked tang can injure the operator. 14
- 15. Drilling Sensitive drilling machine or Bench mounted pillar drilling machine A tool or machine with a pointer for making holes of different diameter. 15
- 16. Instruments Use for Drilling 1. Drill Chuck 1. Drill Chuck Key 1. Drill Drift 1. Sleeve OR Socket 1. Shank Twist Drill Drill Chucks & MT Arbour Twist Drill Sets 16
- 17. STEPS OF DRILLING Step 1. Use a scribe to scratch a line on piece where we wanted hole. Step2. Use a center punch and a hammer to mark the spot because the punch mark will hold the tip of the drill in place until it begins to cut the metal. Step 3. Drilling deep or large holes, it is best to drill a small reference hole first. Step 4. We will find a burr on the back surface of drill hole. This can be removed by lightly drilling the back side of the hole. 1 2 3 4 The prick punch, which is used for indentation marks. It is used to make small punch marks on layout lines in order to make them last longer. The centre punch, which is used for locating centre for indentation mark for drilling purposes. 17
- 18. REAMING Reaming is a process which slightly enlarges a pre-existing hole. Several cutting edges are arranged around a central shaft. Its purpose is to finish the internal diameter of the hole. Parts of reamer Reaming 18
- 19. Types of Reamers 1. Straight Reamer 2. Right Spiral Reamer 3. Left spiral Reamer 4. Machine Reamer 5. Chucking Reamer 6. Hand Reamer 7. Expanding Reamer 8. Taper Reamer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19
- 20. Dieing Die = Tool used to cut external threads on bars and tubes. Consist of a nut having portions of its thread circumference which are shaped to provide cutting edges. Die is screwed on to the bar upon which the threads are to be cut. Die Die Stocks The action of dieing a thread is very similar to that of tapping except that it is more difficult to start the die square. Great care in necessary in starting the die so that the threads are not cross each other. 20
- 21. Precautionary Measures for dieing The die should be rotated in both the direction at the same time so that the threads are cleared from chips. The die is pressed onto the end of the bar to help the commencement of cutting. The action is assisted by chamfering off the end of the bar for a distance equal to about two threads. The threads should be supplied with some form of cutting oil. Tapping Tapping is essentially the internal threading of a hole. This may either be achieved by Hand tapping by using a set of taps. Classification of taps Taper Plug Bottom To hold a tap adjustable tap handle is used This is used for internal threading in the same manner as the die is used. 21
- 22. Precautions measures for tapping Taps have self feed (Taps once engaged get pulled into the job) due to helical angle. High Carbon taps should not be used as they cannot sustain high speed. In order to retract tap from the hole, opposite torque should be applied. Proper Lubricant should be used during tapping. 22