Digestive system terms
- 1. Digestive System TermsRobert AdamsBiology 120
- 2. ColonoscopyProcedure where a gastroenterologist examines the inner lining of the large intestine, colon, and rectum.Doctor takes pictures and tissue samples.
- 3. ColonoscopyConsidered to be a semi invasive procedureExamines the entire length of the colon (5 feet)Used as a means of visual diagnosisChecks for polyps or abnormal growths
- 4. ColonoscopyMostly painless procedure performed on an outpatient basisUsually takes less than 45 minutesEveryone should have a colonoscopy by the age of 50Patients should have a colonoscopy every 10 years after the age of 50African Americans and patients with a family history of colon cancer should be tested sooner and more frequently.
- 5. ColonoscopyBowel Prep.Bowel prep takes place at least 24 hours before the procedure.Sometimes the doctor prescribes a laxative or an enema.Nothing should be ingested 6 hours prior to the procedure.Bowel prep is the removal of solid wastes from the digestive tract.A clear liquid diet is mandatory.Water , Gatorade, fat free broth, and strained fruit juices are permissible.
- 6. ColonoscopyPatient will be given a sedative by IV.Patient must lie on left side with knees drawn to the chest.Doctor will insert a thin flexible lighted tube or the colonoscope into the anus until it reaches the cecum.
- 7. ColonoscopyThe colonoscope allows the doctor to add or remove water and air for additional cleansing of the colon.It transmits an image to a computer screen.The design also allows instruments to pass through the channel of the scope to remove tissue.
- 8. ColonoscopyRisksInform Doctor if…BleedingInfection NauseaIntestinal perforationAbdominal painBloatingGasFeverRequire blood thinnersHypertensionDiabetesHeart diseaseArthritis medicationsPregnant
- 9. ColonoscopyWhy?Colorectal caner screeningUsed to diagnose inflammatory bowel diseaseCrohn’s diseaseUlcerative colitisUsed to investigate changes in bowel habitsRectal bleedingAbdominal painUnexplained weight loss
- 10. HematocheziaThe passage of fresh blood through the anus.This blood is usually contained in the stool.
- 11. HematocheziaThe color of the blood during rectal bleeding is an indication of the location of the bleed.Blood from the anus , rectum, and the sigmoid colon tends to be bright red.Blood from the transverse colon and the right colon tends to be a dark red.Blood from the upper GI tract tends to be dark black.
- 12. HematocheziaThe black looking blood in stool is called melena.Melena is caused by blood being in the colon long enough for bacteria to start breaking it down chemically.
- 13. HematocheziaCausesBurst blood vesselsDysenteryHemorrhoidsDiverticulitisColorectal cancerInflammatory bowel diseaseUlcerative colitis
- 14. HernioplastyHernia repair surgerySurgical operation for the correction of a hernia.A hernia is a bulging of internal organs or tissue through a defect in the body cavity.
- 15. HernioplastyThere are many surgical procedures to correct hernias.Hernioplasty specifically uses a synthetic mesh patch to reinforce the surrounding tissues.Hernioplasty is considered to be a tension free repair.
- 16. HernioplastyProcedureDuring inguinal hernioplasty a single long incision is made in the groin area.Patches are sown over the weakened area in the abdominal wall after the hernia is posted back into position.
- 17. HernioplastyWho is at risk?SymptomsPregnant women People with family historyPatients suffering from obesityBulge in area on the side of the pubic boneHeavy feeling in the groin areaPain in the groin area when coughing, lifting, or bending
- 18. HernioplastyPossible ComplicationsBabies are at risk for heart and lung complicationsReaction to anesthesiaInfection and bleeding Nerve damageLoss of blood supply to the scrotum resulting in testicular atrophyDamage to the cord that carries sperm from testicles to the penis that results in inability to father childrenDamage to the femoral artery or vein
- 19. HernioplastyOther methodsTension repair – the edges of the defect are sewn back together without any reinforcement or prosthesisLaparoscopic repair - a telescope attached to a camera is inserted through a small incision that is made under the patient's belly button. The hernia defect is reinforced with a mesh and secured in position.
- 20. Serum BilirubinBilirubinSerum BilirubinYellowish pigment found in bileFluid made and broke down by the liverA liver function blood test
- 21. Serum BilirubinHow is it formed?CharacteristicsA small amount of old red blood cells are replaced by new blood cells dailyBilirubin is left over after these older blood cells are removedBilirubin is tested for in the blood and wastes.Broken down by light Bilirubin is responsible for the yellow color of urine and the color of feces as well.
- 22. Serum BilirubinWhy would I be tested?Normal LevelsJaundice is the most common reason to check bilirubin levelsIf suspected of having liver or gallbladder disease0.3 to 1.9 mg/ dL
- 23. Serum BilirubinCauses for abnormal resultMany drugs can change the bilirubin levels in your blood.ErythroblastosisHemolytic anemiaTransfusion reactionCirrhosisHepatitisCancer of the pancreas and gallbladderGilbert’s diseasegallstones