Digital graphics technology by fateha
- 1. Unit 13: Assignment 1- Digital graphics technology Name: Fateha Begum 12C Subject: Creative Media Date of submission Introduction: This report will be about digital graphics technology, bitmap, and vector, factors that affect quality, capturing images, output, organisations, and a conclusion. This report will be also about the advantages and disadvantages as well. Digital graphics technology: A digital graphic is an image or a text that is created on acomputer or you could scan into a computer too. This relates to producing graphics and images for games because you get to design your own digital staff for example video, photo, computers and more and further that you get make your own games. Bitmap: In computing, a bitmap images is a mapping that is from a domain to bits and that is values which are zero or one. Also it can be other names examples bit array or a bitmap index. In computer graphics when the domain is a rectangle, the bitmap gives a way to store a binary (it is a maths word) image, that is an image which each pixel either black, white or any other colours. How are bitmap images made? The bitmap images are made of graphics that has the objects to make it into an image. And furthermore that the bitmap is made with many tiny parts, called pixels, which are often many different colours. It is possible to edit each individual pixel. File Extension commonly used: File extensions are for current applications and uses. This can be used as an aid to setting up calling or associated What are file extension used for? File extensions used inQuickBooks for Windows. And also it can be used source code. Module interface and type descriptions database file Advantages and disadvantages of file extension: Advantages:
- 2. Using file extensions allow the user to quickly identify the type of file if it has an extension. Windows also works this way, however Unix-like environments don't, and it looks at the file itself. Advantage is quick identification. Advantage is quick identification and categorization of files like dll and exe files. One of the biggest advantages of bitmap graphics is that we can set the colour of every individual pixel in the image; we display photorealistic pictures very easily Disadvantages: Disadvantage for Microsoft systems maybe the ability to trick the system into reading something that it shouldn't like a virus. One of the disadvantages of bitmap graphics is that they do not scale very well. If we decide to make the image larger or smaller than the programs has to try and recalculate what colour the pixel should now be. Actually some of the better programs do a fairly good job of this, as long as the change in size is not too great. Programs used to make these graphics: If you graphics to program, the enlarge bitmap images too much, they will also run into the problems of aliasing this is the staircase effect that usually shows up in diagonal lines or where two different colours sit. Talk about the pixels. A pixel is a digital imaging, a pixel or a pel that is a physical point in a raster image or the smallest addressable element that is displayed in device so it is actually the smallest controllable element of a picture that is on the screen. Vector What vector images are? Vector images are made up of many individual, scalable objects. These objects are defined by mathematical equations rather than pixels, so they always render at the highest quality. Objects may consist of lines, curves, and shapes with editable attributes such as color, fill, and outline. How are vector images made? Vector images, created by programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Ink scape and CorelDraw, are constructed from lines and curves drawn out in much the same way as a technical drawing. When the image is saved, the information about these lines is stored as coordinates and directions, and when viewed, the image is displayed by rendering these lines back onto the screen.
- 3. How File extension vector images commonly used? Rather than being composed of pixels, Vector graphics consist of points, lines, and curves which, when combined, can form complex objects. These objects can be filled with solid colors, gradients, and even patterns. Vector graphics are mathematical creations. For this reason, the programs that are used to create them save instructions on how the image should be drawn, rather than how it looks. When are vector images used? Vector images are used for two main things and here are the examples: Rasterized printing - there are many printing techniques that fall under this general category. While the quality and feel of the end result may differ between them, it boils down to printing pixels on either paper or clothes. The most common printer types that most consumers are familiar with such as inkjet and laser printers fall into this category. There are even industrial inkjet style printers that can print on clothes. Even though the printing is fundamentally done with pixels, it still makes sense to use vector images as the input as they allow taking full advantage of the printer's resolution. Shape printing - again, there are many printing techniques that fall under this general category. While the quality and feel of the end result may differ between them, it boils down to cutting or extruding the shapes of the input vector image in some base material (silk screens, copper plates, other) that is then used to transfer the relevant color to the right place on the end product. These processes typically require vector input to work at all - in most cases you can't cut/extrude the base material without the shape definitions used in vector graphics. Advantages and disadvantages vector images. Advantages of Vector images: Vector images have a number of advantages over bitmap images, including: The most important and obvious plus point of vector images is their power of scalability. If you try to enlarge a bitmap image, your computer
- 4. can only enlarge the size of the squares making up the image area. That is why bitmap images get jagged as you enlarge them. However on the other hand the vector images remain smooth because your computer merely re-computes the coordinates of the points and adjusts the vector equation constants. Each set of lines in a vector image represent separate and distinct objects. Therefore every object can be re-edited at any time. For example, let’s say you created a vector art file with a circle in the background. You could open the drawing file at any time – even days later – and change the circle to a square. Another very important reason of using vector images instead of bitmaps is their size. Vector images are much smaller in size than the bitmap image format. If you had a very large picture – such as a poster on your wall – the vector file might only take up a few kilobytes of space on your computer, while the same image in a medium resolution bitmap format might not fit. Some disadvantages However there are some disadvantages of these images as well. A few are as follow: Drawings containing trapping information can only be scaled up to 20 percent larger or smaller. Thin lines may disappear if a vector drawing is reduced too much. Small errors in a drawing may become visible as soon as it is enlarged too much. Another important disadvantage of vector is the time and talent needed to create it. You cannot take a photograph in vector. Vector images are drawn on the computer by a graphic artist using vector editing software such as Adobe Illustrator. Because of the above mentioned reason the vector graphics are not as cost effective as bitmap images. Programs used to make these vector graphics. Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, and curves. Vector graphics files store the lines, shapes and colours that make up an image. Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines,
- 5. curves, and shapes or polygons, which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics. Factors that affect quality: Resizing: there are 6 ways of resizing a graphics, example: There are many web services that will resize your images for free Pics resize Resize Your Image Shrink Pictures Web Resizer Resize Pic Upload your image: Most web applications have a maximum file size that is allowed to be uploaded, typically around 5 MB. Resize the image. Depending on which service you are using, you may have multiple options when it comes to resizing. Set the quality. Most resize services will let you set how much compression the image will have, which will affect the quality. Add any other effects. Depending on the service you are using, you may have access to other options such as rotation, color changes, filters, and more. Download the new copy. Once you’ve picked all of your settings and effects, click the Download button. This may be called a Resize button or something similar. Compressing: The objective of image compression is to reduce irrelevance and redundancy of the image data in order to be able to store or transmit data in an efficient form. Capturing images:
- 6. Scanning an image- advantages & disadvantages: The Advantages of using scanners are: It can copy things onto computers then you can alter the things you copied. The Disadvantages of using scanners is that if there is a blackout, the whole system goes out The Advantages is that the Flatbed scanners are very accurate and can produce reasonably high quality images any image which is digitised by the scanner can then be included on electronic documents Images once digitised can be enhanced with a graphics application. The Disadvantages is that the Images can take up a lot of memory space Images lose some quality in the scanning and digitising process the quality of the final image is dependent on the quality of the original image. Taking a photograph- advantages & disadvantages: Advantages: Immediate gratification You have the ability to immediately deliver the image to client Instant ISO/white balance change from shot-to-shot Digital media is more portable It is easier to store digital images There are no film or processing costs There is no chance of lost, damaged or mishandled film at the lab: No film to store in the refrigerator Digital is less harmful to the environment Digital offers improved tonal range No scan-related costs Unlimited perfect copies from the original
- 7. Some markets accept only digital submission Disadvantages: Higher initial cost Digital cameras are not equal to film cameras in features Digital requires greater battery consumption Perception problems Poor low-light performance Some markets refuse digital submissions Potential equipment failures Digital has a steeper learning curve More frequent obsolescence Output: Printing on paper: Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using largeformat and/or high-volume laser or inkjet printers. Screen: A screencast is a digital recording of computer screen output, also known as a video screen capture, often containing audio narration. Organisation: File names: A filename (also written as two words, file name) is a name used to uniquely identify a computer file stored in a file system File management: File managementrefers to the manipulation of documents and data in files on a computer. Specifically, one may create a new file or edit an existing file and save it open or load a pre-existing file into memory or close a file without saving it
- 8. Why file names is important: It is important because it helps identify the name and it can also store the file system. Why file management is important: It is important because it assists with organization and allows for more possibilities. Very early file systems only had 1 directory, so if multiple users were on the same machine. Conclusion: To conclude this I think that this research and methods can help me with my work because it is helping me find lots of information and giving me different kind of details