Dingman apa presentation rev

Revised by Mark Hardgrove, Ph.D.
Beulah Heights University
2011 to reflect APA 6th ed.

10. Crediting Sources in the Text (APA, p. 169-192)
a. Cite last name and date the first time a reference is
used in a new paragraph.
b. Do not cite the date after the first time in the same
paragraph unless is it a parenthetical reference.
c. Do not use the title of the article in the citation.

9. Rules for Quotation of Sources (APA, pp. 87-95)
a. Use of commas
b. Use of quotation marks
c. Closing punctuation positioning
4
A mentor is seen as a “facilitator of learning” (Lacey, 1999, p. 3).
Kiel, Rimmer, Williams, and Doyle (1996) implied that trust
between two parties will encourage people to work together, and
Peterson (1996) stated, “Coaches must learn how people view the
world and what they care about” (p. 79). When trust develops, it
allows the executive to “be open to change and willing to be
influenced” (Kiel et al., p. 67).

8. Any quotes over 40 words are treated
differently than regular quotes: double-
spaced, indented .5 inches, and ending
punctuation is different (APA, p. 92).
To illustrate, the definition of executive coaching by Kilburg
(2000) included a self-related outcome along with job-related
performance and organizational outcomes:
Executive coaching is defined as a helping relationship
formed between a client who has managerial authority
and responsibility in an organization and a consultant
who uses a wide variety of behavioral techniques and
methods to help the client achieve a mutually identified
set of goals. (p. 67)

7. Extra! Bible Quotations (APA, pp. 187-179)
a. You must list the Bible version you quote the
first time you quote in the text.
b. You only need to list the version again if you
change versions that you quote.
c. Do not include the Bible in your reference page,
it is considered a “major classical work.”
d. Use the first 3-4 letters of the book in ( ).
“Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain . . . it was
so much that he stopped keeping records because it
was beyond measure” (Gen. 41:49, New International
Version).

Paul explained
This is why I write [italics added] these things
when I am absent, that when I come I may not
have to be harsh in my use of authority—the
authority the Lord gave me for building you up,
not for tearing you down. (2 Cor. 13:10)
The doctor, Luke, wrote, “Therefore, since I myself
have carefully investigated everything from the
beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an
orderly account for you [italics and color added]” (Luke
1:3-4).

6. Seriation Rules (APA, pp. 115-117)
a. Only use bullets when the list does not
communicate hierarchical order or chronology.
b. Check your opening statement to see if it is a
complete sentence.
c. Use a colon if a complete clause
d. No comma between lists of 2 items
8
These authors summarized the commonalities of processes by
compiling a five-stage process: (a) relationship building, (b)
assessment, (c) intervention, (d) follow-up, and (e) evaluation.
The two prominent areas of learning outcomes from executive
coaching were (a) self-related and (b) job-related.

5. Seriation Rules cont. (APA, pp. 63-65). When
your items are complete sentences or
paragraphs, you may list them using the
“numbering tool” from the toolbar (indent .5
inches).
9
Olivero, Bane, and Kopelman (1997) noted that goal-setting was
one of the two critical components in the coaching process.
They stated two reasons for the importance of setting a goal:
1. Goal-setting that is specific, challenging,
measurable, assignable, realistic, and time-bound leads to
higher transfer levels.
2. Goal-setting enhances perceived self-efficacy.

5. Seriation Rules cont. (APA, pp. 63-65).
Be consistent in enumerating a list:
First …. Second …. Third …. Last . . ..
Firstly…. Secondly …. Thirdly…. Finally
(or Lastly)
If there is “on one hand” there should be
“on the other hand,” and vice versa.
10

Dr. Dingman - "APA Presentation" 11

4. Headings
12
Analysis of the Data (LEVEL 1)
Demographic Characteristics of the Data (LEVEL 2)
Sample size. (LEVEL 3) The sampling frame was 200
coaching clients. The sample included three variations of . . .
Methodology. (LEVEL 4) The methodology of this
research was based upon the two-tailed t value . . . .

3. Consistency – quotation marks are curved, use
2 commas in a list of 3 or more items, use semi-
colons when your list has commas in it, etc.
13
Thus, many organizations have established leadership
development programs that include experiences combined with
assessment, challenge, and support.
Growth goals can fall into many different areas including
fostering self-awareness; enhancing personal leadership,
management, and interpersonal skills; and improving business
agility and technical or functional credibility.

2. Italics verses Quotation Marks (APA, pp. 105-106).
a. In general use italics infrequently.
b. You may use italics for key terms in your paper.
c. Only use quotation marks for actual quotes and for
slang terminology or coined expressions.
14
Executive coaching is an alternative leadership development
program that systematically addresses a leader’s strengths,
weaknesses, and soft skills necessary to become successful in
their organization.
Coaching professionals enjoy working one-on-one with their
coachees and helping them get “unstuck” in their life and job.

1. Referencing (APA, chapter 7, p. 193 ff).
15
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and
predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and
antecedents of affective, continuance and normative
commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational
and Organizational Psychology, 63(1), 1-19.
Gegner, C. (1997). Summary of executive coaching research project.
Retrieved from http://www.coachingnetwork.org

Dr. Dingman - "APA Presentation" 16

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