DISSERTATION WRITING Module 6 Unit 2 PG (NEW)
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Ultimate outcome of the research process. • Highlights the research process and helps in dissemination of the research findings. • Overall improvement in knowledge and practise among healthcare providers.
- 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH REPORT • Clarity, honesty, Completeness and accuracy. • Long enough to cover the subject content and short enough to maintain interest among its users. • Written and presented logically. • Abstract terminology and technical jargons must be avoided • Presentation-interesting to its users. • Must reflect its originality.
- 4. FORMAT OF A THESIS/DISSERTATION • Preliminary pages 1. Cover page 2. Certification of work from guide/supervisor and principal. 3. Acknowledgement 4. Index/table of contents 5. List of tables 6. List of figures 7. List of abbreviations
- 5. FORMAT OF A THESIS/DISSERTATION • Main text Chapter 1:Introduction(Background of the study) • Introductory paragraphs, • Significance / need of the study • Research problem/questions • Objectives • Hypothesis or assumption • Scope and delimitations • Operational definitions
- 6. • Chapter II: Literature review • Chapter III: Methodology (Materials and Methods) • Chapter IV: Results(Analysis and Interpretation of data) • ChapterV: Discussion • ChapterVI: Conclusion and recommendations
- 7. END MATTER • References • Bibliography • Appendix / Annexure.
- 8. FORMAT • I- Introduction • M-Methods • R-Result • A • D-Discussion
- 9. TITLE PAGE • Title of the dissertation : It should include the variables under study , study population and place of the study.The title should be clear and concise , not more than 15 words. • Author’s name • Institutional affiliation • Degree program • Submission date
- 10. • Table of Contents • Lists chapters and sections with page numbers • List of Figures &Tables (If applicable) • Index of all tables, graphs, and figures • List of Abbreviations (If applicable) • Defines key abbreviations used in the dissertation
- 11. ABSTRACT • A brief summary of the dissertation (150-300 words) • Includes research objectives, methods, key findings, and conclusions. • It should be written clearly so that a reader can decide whether to read the entire report or not.
- 12. KEY WORDS • Substance , Methodology and theoretical terms can be used. • Used in index to help others locate the study.
- 13. INTRODUCTION • Background of the research • Research problem and objectives • Significance of the study • Outline of the dissertation structure
- 14. INTRODUCTION • Written in a funnel shaped structure • It should include : • Background of the study • Need for the study • Research problem • Objectives • Hypothesis/ assumptions • Operational definitions • Conceptual framework • Literature review
- 15. INTRODUCTION • 1. Introduction • Purpose: Provides background information, establishes the research question or hypothesis, and explains the study's significance. • Components: • Contextualize the research within existing literature. • Identify gaps or unresolved issues the study addresses. • State the research objectives or hypotheses.
- 16. • The Introduction typically provides everything your reader needs to know in order to understand the scope and purpose of your research. This section should provide: • Context for your research (for example, the nature and scope of your topic) • A summary of how relevant scholars have approached your research topic to date, and a description of how your research makes a contribution to the scholarly conversation. • A hypothesis that relates to the scholarly conversation • A brief explanation of your methodological approach and a justification for this approach (in other words, a brief discussion of how you gather your data and why this is an appropriate choice for your contribution) • The main conclusions of your paper • A roadmap, or a brief description of how the rest of your paper proceeds.
- 17. LITERATURE REVIEW • Review of existing research related to the topic • Theoretical framework • Identification of gaps in literature • Justification for the study
- 18. METHODOLOGY • Research design (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods) • Research setting • Target population • Sampling technique and sample size • Development and description of data collection tools • Validity and reliability of research tools • Methods and procedures of data collection • Pilot study and tool try out • Feasibility of the study • Ethical considerations • Plan for data analysis • Plan for reference writing
- 19. METHOD • Purpose: Describes the procedures and materials used, enabling replication of the study. • Components: • Detailed explanation of research design and methodology. • Information on participants, materials, and tools used. • Data collection and analysis procedures. • Ethical considerations, such as Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval.
- 20. • The Methods section describes exactly what you did to gather the data that you use in your paper. This should expand on the brief methodology discussion in the introduction and provide readers with enough detail to, if necessary, reproduce your experiment, design, or method for obtaining data; it should also help readers to anticipate your results. The more specific, the better! These details might include: • An overview of the methodology at the beginning of the section • A chronological description of what you did in the order you did it • Descriptions of the materials used, the time taken, and the precise step-by-step process you followed • An explanation of software used for statistical calculations (if necessary) • Justifications for any choices or decisions made when designing your methods
- 21. RESULT • Heart of research report. • If both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used , then results start with descriptive statistics to present sample characteristics. • Analysed data are presented in accordance with study objectives using descriptive and inferential statistics.
- 22. RESULT • Results • Purpose: Presents the findings of the study without interpretation. • Components: • Summary of data collected. • Use of tables, figures, and charts to illustrate results. • Objective reporting without bias or interpretation.
- 23. • The Results section outlines the data gathered through the methods described above and explains what the data show. This usually involves a combination of tables and/or figures and prose. In other words, the results section gives your reader context for interpreting the data. The results section usually includes: • A presentation of the data obtained through the means described in the methods section in the form of tables and/or figures • Statements that summarize or explain what the data show • Highlights of the most important results • Tables should be as succinct as possible, including only vital information (often summarized) and figures should be easy to interpret and be visually engaging.
- 24. RESULTS • Presentation of research findings • Use of tables, charts, and graphs (if needed) • No interpretation—just factual data
- 25. DISCUSSIONS • What were the main findings? • What do the findings mean? • How do the results compare with prior knowledge on the topic? • What can be concluded about the findings and their utility?
- 26. DISCUSSION Purpose: Interprets the results, discusses their implications, and relates them to existing research. • Components: • Interpretation of findings in the context of the research question. • Comparison with previous studies. • Discussion of the study's limitations. • Suggestions for future research.
- 27. • The Discussion section explains why the results described in the previous section are meaningful in relation to previous scholarly work and the specific research question your paper explores. This section usually includes: • Engagement with sources that are relevant to your work (you should compare and contrast your results to those of similar researchers). • An explanation of the results that you found, and why these results are important and/or interesting.
- 28. DISCUSSION • Interpretation of results in relation to research objectives • Comparison with previous studies • Implications of findings • Study limitations
- 29. CONCLUSION • The Conclusion section of a paper should include a brief summary of the main ideas or key takeaways of the paper and their implications for future research. This section usually includes: • A brief overview of the main claims and/or key ideas put forth in the paper. • A brief discussion of potential limitations of the study . • Some suggestions for future research.
- 30. CONCLUSION • Summary of key findings • Contribution to knowledge • Recommendations for future research
- 31. REFERENCES • References/Bibliography • List of all sources cited in the dissertation (APA, MLA, Harvard, etc.) • Appendices (If applicable) • Supplementary materials (questionnaires, raw data, additional figures)
- 32. STEPS IN WRITING A REPORT • Logical analysis of the subject matter. • Preparation of final outline-----framework • Preparation of rough draft • Rewriting and polishing rough draft. • Preparation of final bibliography • Writing the final draft