Distributed User Interfaces: How to Distribute User Interface Elements across Users, Platforms, and Environments

1. Distributed User Interfaces:How to Distribute User Interface Elements across Users, Platforms, and EnvironmentsJean VanderdoncktLouvainInteractionLabUniversitécatholique de LouvainJean.Vanderdonckt@uclouvain.be

2. What is the situation today?One user performing one task on one domain in one context of useThe predominantparadigm: single…

3. Monitor, device

4. Computingplatform

5. User

6. Environment

7. Context of use

8. Domain and taskonemany2

9. IntroductionDUI = Distributed User Interface acrossMultiple Users: single user stereotypes vs. multiple stereotypesMultiple computingPlatforms: single platform vs. multiple platformsSimultaneouslyAsynchronouslyMultiple surroundingEnvironments(physical): same place vs. multiple placesProblem to beaddressed: the design and the development of DUIswhiletakingintoaccountAspects that are common to various distributionsAspects that are specific to some distributionsToday, thereis an ontological confusion in the various distributions possibleThe State of the Art islargelyinconsistentIt isdifficult to compare relatedwork

10. One dimension at a timeThe predominantparadigm: single…

11. Monitor, device

12. Computingplatform

13. User

14. Environment

15. Context of use

16. Domain and taskonemany4

17. Multi-monitor/deviceWhytake care of multiple monitors?DevicesideMonitor surface isincreasing, whilepriceisdecreasingUser sideUsersprefer more display surfaceUser’sproductivityincreasesfrom 10% to 30% (althoughsomeusabilityproblems are raised)[Harris,2002]

18. Multi-monitor/deviceWhytake care of multiple monitors?User side[Harris,2002]

19. Multi-monitor/deviceWhytake care of multiple monitors?Effects of Display Size on Task Times160140120100SmallAverage Task Time (Seconds)80Large6040200DISPLAY[Czerwinsky,2005]

20. Multi-monitor/deviceWhytake care of multiple monitors?The tasks were easy to perform543Average Rating (1=Disagree, 5=Agree)210SmallLargeDisplay Size[Czerwinsky,2005]

21. Multi-monitor/deviceWhytake care of multiple monitors?[Czerwinsky,2005]

22. Multi-monitor/deviceDistribution of UIsacrossmonitors (hardware)Coupling different monitors to the same workstation

23. Multi-monitor/device Hard wired, manual solution

24. Opportunistic

25. Lack of reusabilityDistribution of UIsacrossmonitors (hardware)Coupling different monitors to the same workstation

26. Multi-monitor/deviceDistribution of UIsacrossmonitors (software)Partitioning of a window across several screens to obtain a DUI

27. Multi-monitor/deviceExtending a Desktop with another Monitor[Demeure et al.,2004]

28. The 4C Framework for DUIsC1 (Computation) represents the computation of a DUI, i.e. what are the elements to be distributed during the operationC2 (Communication) represents the dimension of distribution time, i.e. when are the elements of an interactive system distributedC3 (Coordination) represents the dimension of distribution responsibility, i.e. who is distributing the interactive systemDetection, computation, selection, execution => ISATINE framework[Lopez2006]C4 (Configuration) represents where a UI is distributed. It therefore poses the problem of how to distribute itConserving physical pixelsConserving logical pixelsConserving semantic pixels[Demeure et al.,2004]

29. Dimensions of the 4CC4 (Configuration) represents where a UI is distributed. It therefore poses the problem of how to distribute it by conservingPhysical pixelsLogical pixelsSemantic pixels[Demeure et al.,2004]

30. One dimension at a timeThe predominant paradigm: single…Monitor, deviceComputing platformUserEnvironmentContext of useDomain and taskonemany16

31. Multi-platform(Amount of interactive systems)(Amount of end users)10 to 50 systemsfor 1 user10000500002 or 3 systemsfor 1 user1 system for 1 user100050001005001 system for 100 users1050197019801990200020102020Source: ForresterResearch, 2002Source: M. Weiser

32. Multi-platform[Pierce et al.,2004]

33. Multi-platformProblem: how to design a UI thattakes care of multiple computingplatforms?Some solutions:DistriXML = software architecture for distributingUIsfrom one computingplatform to anotheratrun-time [Grolaux et al., 2005]MigriXML = software architecture for migratingUisfrom one platform to anotheratrun-time with adaptation [Molina et al., 2006]

34. The Painter’s Palette+=

35. Digital Painter’s Palette

36. Useful area is wasted !

37. Multi-platformProblem: how to design a UI thattakes care of multiple computingplatforms?PaintingPencilPaintingtoolPalette[Grolaux & Vanderdonckt,2005]

38. Multi-platform[Grolaux & Vanderdonckt,2005]

39. Multi-platform

40. Example using a Pocket PC

41. Multi-platform

42. Multi-platformDEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach

43. Multi-platformDEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach - Migrate

44. Multi-platformDEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach - Migrate - Plastify

45. Multi-platformDEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach - Migrate - Plastify - Attach

46. Multi-platformThis is not a floating barProcess

47. Computer BComputer AProcessMulti-platformProcess

48. MigriXML architectureInteractive system architectureGUI applicationArch meta-model or ‘Slinky’ meta-modelPlatformLayered structure[Molina, Vanderdonckt, Gonzalez, 2006]

49. Case studyThe user’s environment is a small office, with five different platforms

50. Case studyTwo different user interfaces

51. Case study1234Migrating from one laptop to the otherAspire 200015”, 16:10 1280x800PT-LB10SU4:3 800x600Latitude15”, 4:3 1024x768

52. Case study123Migrating from a laptop to the Pocket PCAspire 200015”, 16:10 1280x800e7503,8”, 3:4240x320

54. Multiple usersDesign guideline #1: provide multiple ways to carry out a task by differentusersInteractive systemsshouldbetter support multiple users in multi-taskingbecause group definition changes[Mandviwalla & Olfman, 2000]

55. Multiple usersDesign guideline #2: support multiple workmethodsA sametaskcouldinvolvedifferentsub-tasksdepending on the contextDesign guideline #3:support group evolutionGR1 et GR2 changent en fonction du temps[Mandviwalla & Olfman, 2000]

57. Multi-contextThe Sedan-Bouillon Tourist Application with PlasticityThe Slides Manager[Demeure et al.,2004]

59. What we had for multi-platformApplication layer :

60. UI is dynamically migratable

62. UI is dynamically adaptableWhat we have for multi-taskingExt/Tktoolkit

63. Display SiteArchitecture overviewTransparent proxy mechanismsProxies relay event bindings from the functional coreWidgets trigger these events inside the CM at the display siteThe CM relays and triggers the event at the application siteProxies store all their event bindingsApplication SiteUser InterfaceCommunication ManagerFunctional CoreWidget 1 ProxyWidget 1Widget 2 ProxyWidget 2(using TCP)Widget … ProxyWidget …Event ListenerEvent TriggererWidget N ProxyWidget N

64. Multi-taskingcombinedSet of services offered to multiple usersusing multiple platforms in the samecontext[Vandervelpen et al., 2005]

65. ConclusionThinkeverythingdistributedaccording to the following « template »EverythingcouldbethoughtdistributedAccessibility, evaluationVirtual, mixed reality

66. ConclusionAdvantages of the 4C framework for DUIMultiple monitors, same platform, same userMultiple platforms, same userMultiple platforms, different users, but same technological spaceMultiple platforms, different users, different technological spacesLimitationsFramework oriented towards the context of useSome aspects not considered in the frameworkAmbient intelligencePossible extensionGeneralization needed

67. User Interface eXtensibleMarkupLanguagehttp://www.usixml.orgFP7 Serenoaprojecthttp://serenoa.morfeo-project.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page FP7 Selfmanprojecthttp://www.ist-selfman.org/For more information and downloading,http://www.isys.ucl.ac.be/bchiThankyouverymuch!

Distributed User Interfaces: How to Distribute User Interface Elements across Users, Platforms, and Environments

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