DNA and RAN based taxonomy in animals
- 1. Molecular Taxonomy DNA and RNA based taxonomy in animals Dr.R. Nandakumar Mary SWU St. Joseph University, Nagaland.
- 2. 1. Taxonomic Identification • Morphological Characters • Breeding • Biology • Host plants etc.. 2. Molecular Identification • RNA/DNA nucleotide data • Protein analysis Biological unit of Identification
- 5. • Carl Woese gave this concept first time • In 2003, Paul Herbert, proposed “ DNA barcoding” as way to identify species History of DNA Barcoding
- 6. Barcoding •The system of showing information in the form of barcodes • Uniform Product code • Consists of hidden language made up of series vertical bars lines of varying width • used in identification by optical or lesser scanner. Barcodes
- 7. DNA Barcoding is a standardized approach to identify plants and animals by minimal sequences of DNA. Called DNA Barcodes
- 8. A DNA Barcode is a short gene sequence taken from standardized proportions of the genome, used to identify species.
- 9. 1. work with fragments 2. works for all stages of life 3. Unmasks look- a likes 4. Reduces ambiguity 5. Makes expertise further 6. Opens the way for an electronic handled field guide, the life barcode 7. Demonstrate value of collections 8. Speeds writing the encyclopaedia 9. sprouts new leaves on the tree of life Ten Reasons For Identifying Species by DNA Barcodes
- 10. Components of Barcoding Projects 1. The specimen Collection 2. The Laboratory Analysis 3. Data Base 4. Data Analysis
- 11. • Classification of organism into closely related species • Embryology is used to identify similar structures in early development in animals • Biochemical similarities can be used to identify closely related organisms DNA Classification
- 12. • The biological material to be identified is collected • DNA is extracted from cells of the specimen Sampling DNA Extraction
- 13. • The DNA used to identify the differences and similarities between organisms must be evaluated • These data gives the details whether the organism is nearly identical within a species not and show the differences between those species Finding a suitable Gene
- 14. Finding the individuals code The sequence of bases ( GATC) in the gene is found then
- 15. Identification of the species • The sequence of bases is then compared with a standard sequence identify the species • An international library of base sequences is developing to allow scientists across the world to compare their specimens
- 16. DNA barcoding Lab scenes
- 17. • The standard region used to generate DNA barcode • Different in different species In animals it is COI orCOX1 Present in mitochondrial gene Marker
- 18. An Internal ID system
- 20. Why COI Gene? • Standard region • Lack or insertion or deletion • Greater difference among species • High copy number • Relatively few differences within species • Absence of introns • Range of mutational rates in different regions of the molecule
- 22. Identification of all stages of life Identification of Fragments or products of Organism Food Safety and Accuracy
- 23. • custom control • Invasive species • Police • Agriculture • Conservation • Education Other Applications
- 24. THANK YOU