DNA vaccine and it's mechanism
- 1. Submitted by : 4th idiots. Presented by : Iqbal Danish BS Microbiology DNA vaccines
- 2. DNA vaccine is DNA sequence used as a vaccine. This DNA Sequence code for antigenic protein of pathogen. As this DNA inserted into cells it is translated to form antigenic protein. As this protein is foreign to cells , so immune response raised against this protein. In this way ,DNA vaccine provide immunity against that pathogen. INTRODUCTION
- 3. In1990, University of Wisconsin, Jon Wolff found that injection of DNA plasmids produce a protein response in mice. In 1993, Merck Research Laboratories, Dr. Margaret Liu found that intramuscular injection of DNA from influenzae virus into mice produced complete immune response In 1996, trials involving T-cell lymphoma, influenzae & herpes simplex virus were started HISTORY
- 6. DNA vaccines Vs Traditional vaccines Uses only the DNA from infectious organisms. Avoid the risk of using actual infectious organism. Provide both Humoral & Cell mediated immunity Refrigeration is not required Uses weakened or killed form of infectious organism. Create possible risk of the vaccine being fatal. Provide primarily Humoral immunity Usually requires Refrigeration. DNA vaccines Traditional vaccines
- 12. HOW DNA VACCINE IS MADE Viral gene Expression plasmid Plasmid with foreign gene Recombinant DNA Technology
- 13. Bacterial cell Transform into bacterial cell Plasmid DNA
- 15. Plasmid DNA Purified Ready to use
- 16. Syringe delivery:- METHODS OF DELIVERY Either intramuscularly or Intradermally
- 17. Gene gun delivery:- Contd.. Adsorbed plasmid DNA into gold particles Ballastically accelerated into body with gene gun.
- 21. Mode of delivery Advantages Disadvantages Gene Gun DNA bombarded directly into cells Requires little quantity of DNA Requires inert particles such as gold for carrying DNA Intramuscular or Intradermal No special delivery mechanism Spread of DNA is fast throughout the body Needs large amount of DNA for induction of immunity Jet injection No need of carriers Delivered directly under few mm of skin High pressure causes shearing of DNA Expression of DNA is lower Requires large amounts of DNA (up to
- 22. HOW DNA VACCINE WORKS BY TWO PATHWAYS ENDOGENOUS :- Antigenic Protein is presented by cell in which it is produced EXOGENOUS :- Antigenic Protein is formed in one cell but presented by different cell
- 23. HOW DNA VACCINES WORK Muscle Cells Plasmid DNA +
- 25. Memory T cells T- Helper Cell
- 26. EXOGENOUS PATHWAY Antigenic Protein come outside
- 27. Antigen Presenting Cell Antigenic Peptides T- Helper Cell Cytokines Activated B-Cell Memory B-Cell Plasma B-Cell Memory Antibodies MHC-II
- 28. WHEN VIRUS ENTER IN THE BODY Viral Protein Memory T-Cell Antibodies
- 29. Elicit both Humoral & cell mediated immunity Focused on Antigen of interest Long term immunity Refrigeration is not required Stable for storage ADVANTAGES
- 30. Limited to protein immunogen only Extended immunostimulation leads to chronic inflammation Some antigen require processing which sometime does not occur DISADVANTAGES
- 31. Genetic Toxicity Integration of DNA vaccine into host Genome Insertional mutagenesis Chromosome instability Turn ON Oncogenes Turn OFF Tumor suppressor genes
- 32. Over Expression of DNA vaccine Acute or chronic inflammatory responses Destruction of normal tisues
- 33. Generation of Autoimmune diseases Anti DNA Antibodies Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Myositis
- 34. Generation of Autoimmune diseases Anti DNA Antibodies Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Myositis
- 35. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmid used is resistance to antibiotics for selection Raise the resistance to same antibiotic in the host
- 36. June 2006,DNA vaccine examined on horse Horse acquired immunity against west nile viruses August 2007,DNA vaccination against multiple Sclerosis was reported as being effective CURRENT CLINICAL TRIALS
- 37. Vaccine target Product name Marked by Year of license and country Target organism West Nile virus West Nile Innovator Centers for Disease Control and Preventio n and Fort Dodge laboratori es 2005 USA horses Infectious haematopoieti c necrosis virus Apex-IHN Novartis 2005 Canada Salmon fish
- 38. Melanoma Canine Melanoma Vaccine Merial, Memorial Sloan– Kettering Center and The Animal Medical Center of New York 2007 USA For the treatment of aggressive form cancer of the mouth, nail bed, foot pad of New York license and serves as an alternative to surgery
- 39. Growth hormone releasing hormone LifeTide- SW5 VGX Animal Health 2007 Australia Swine and food and animals Increases the number of piglets weaned in breeding sows and helps to significantl y decreases perinatal mortality and morbidity
- 40. Plasmid with multiple genes provide immunity against many diseases in one booster DNA vaccines against infectious diseases such as AIDS, Rabies, Malaria can be available FUTURE PROSPECTS
- 41. DNA vaccines are in their early phase. There are no DNA vaccines in market at present. But this just the beginning . DNA vaccines are going to be the vaccines of next generation. CONCLUSION