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Dockers Containers in action Slide 0 to hero

T
TayyabAslam24

Docker is a containerization technology that allows users to create, manage, and deploy applications within isolated environments called containers, which are similar to virtual machines but more lightweight. The document explains key concepts such as Docker images, layers, containers, and the use of Dockerfiles for creating images, alongside typical scenarios where Docker simplifies the development process. Additionally, it touches on data persistence, Docker registries for image storage, and the orchestration of multiple containers using Docker Compose.

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Docker
What is Docker?
Duckietown I got it, it is like VirtualBox…. Hem, not really! 3 • Docker is similar (in spirit) to Virtual Environments but at a File System level VM 1 VM 2 VM 3 Container1 Container2 Container3
Why Docker?
Duckietown Common scenario • You just started a new research project 1. Freshly install Ubuntu for a clean environment 2. Configure your environment 3. Install all the libraries you need 5 ubuntu:18.04 NAME=Andrea apt install python-numpy # > >
Duckietown Common scenario (with Docker) • You just started a new research project 1. Freshly install Ubuntu for a clean environment 2. Configure your environment 3. Install all the libraries you need 6 ubuntu:18.04 NAME=Andrea apt install python-numpy FROM ENV RUN Docker2ile
Duckietown Docker = A lot of new confusing terms… 7 For example: • Docker Layer • Docker Image • Docker Container • Docker Volume • Docker Registry • Docker Compose
Docker Layer/Image/File
Duckietown Docker Layer • It is a collection of files • e.g., /my_file.dat (user file) /etc/hosts (system file) • It is uniquely identified by an hash sha256:94c5c6f50a7204b49c5cdfd662aa203f3af0b2e2eb6b449634738edfae77fbe3 9
Duckietown Docker Image • It is the combination of a sequence of Docker Layers • It is uniquely identified by an hash sha256:3448a24e6db0125ebbafefee0a355232fc533bd3a68c89dab3d450a8fa15d8ed • It is also (non-uniquely) identified by a name library/ubuntu:18.04 afdaniele/compose:0.9 format: [owner] / [image] : [tag] library / [image] : latest (default) 10
Duckietown Docker Image VS Docker Layers • You CANNOT create single layers • You CAN create new images • Layers are read-only • The simplest (most beautiful) way to create an image is a Dockerfile 11
Duckietown Dockerfile (an example) 12 FROM python:3.6 MAINTAINER Andrea F. Daniele <afdaniele@ttic.edu> RUN pip3 install tensorflow VOLUME /tflog EXPOSE 6006/tcp CMD ["python3", "-m", “tensorflow.tensorboard", "--logdir=/tflog"]
Duckietown Dockerfile - Instructions 13 FROM ARG ENV MAINTAINER WORKDIR USER RUN ADD COPY VOLUME EXPOSE CMD ENTRYPOINT Define the base image Define build-only arguments (non-persistent) Define environment variables (persistent) Set maintainer info Set working directory Set user ID Run a command inside a container Copy files and directories from the build context Copy files and directories from the build context Define a new volume Declare ports used by the image Define default command Define entrypoint executable Useful documentation: docs.docker.com/reference
Duckietown Docker Image 14 FROM python:3.6 MAINTAINER Andrea F. Daniele <afdaniele@ttic.edu> RUN pip3 install tensorflow VOLUME /tflog ... EXPOSE 6006/tcp CMD ["python3", "-m", “tensorflow.tensorboard", "--logdir=/tflog"] Docker'ile python : 3.6 afdaniele / tensor2low intermediate layers
Building an Image
Duckietown Directory Build Context 16 FROM python:3.6 ... COPY my_image.jpg /data/my_image.jpg ... Docker'ile • A directory from which Docker is allowed to copy files to a layer
Duckietown Building a Docker Image (using Dockerfile) • Build an image from a Dockerfile and a Build Context 17 docker build -t my_image [-f Dockerfile] ./ > Image name Docker2ile path Build context Docker'il e Build context Docker Engine Docker Image
Docker Container
Duckietown Docker Container • An instance of a Docker image • It is uniquely identified by an alphanumeric string. e.g., 94c5c6f50a7204b49c5cdfd662aa203f3af0b2e2eb6b449634738edfae77fbe3 • It is also assigned a (possibly custom) name. e.g., admiring_einstein my_website 19 docker run [options] my_image > • Run a container from an image Image name
Duckietown Docker Container 20 python : 3.6 afdaniele / tensor2low volatile (writeable) layer docker run [options] my_image > • Run a container from an image Image name • Contains everything you do in a running container • Is lost when the container is deleted
Duckietown Combining layers - AUFS FileSystem Advanced multi-layered Unification File System 21 Another Unification File System • Later revised to, • Originally meaning,
Data Persistency
Duckietown Data persistency - Mounting directories • You can share local directories with one or more containers using where, path to a directory in the host file system destination path to the directory in the container file system 23 docker run -v [local_dir]:[container_dir] my_image > local_dir container_dir
Duckietown Data persistency - Docker Volumes • Create a Docker volume • You can attach a volume to a container using where, name of the volume destination path in the container file system 24 docker volume create [volume_name] > volume_name container_dir docker run -v [volume_name]:[container_dir] my_image >
Duckietown Docker Container (an interesting one) • Running the Dashboard on a Duckiebot 25 docker run -it -p 8080:80/tcp -v compose-data:/var/www/html -v /data:/data --hostname $(hostname) --name dashboard duckietown/dt-duckiebot-dashboard:daffy > docker volume create compose-data >
Duckietown Dockerfile, Docker Image and Docker Container 26
Docker Registry
Duckietown Docker Registry • A storage and distribution system for Docker images • Two fundamental operations: push and pull 28
Docker Compose
Duckietown 80 / tcp backups db-storage mysql-db web-server version: '2' services: mysql-db: image: mysql:latest volumes: - db-storage:/var/lib/mysql - backups:/backups web-server: image: apache:latest ports: - "80:80" links: - mysql-db:mysql.db environment: - DBHost=mysql.db - DBUser=my_user - DBPassword=my_password volumes: db-storage: backups: docker-compose.yaml Docker Compose • An application can be split across multiple Docker images • The application runs when all the corresponding containers run
Docker in Duckietown
Duckietown 32 Duckietown The Docker images family tree
Duckietown Duckiebot Pipeline 33
Duckietown Duckiebot Pipeline 34 dt-duckiebot-interface • left/right wheel speed • raw camera image • leds color and pattern
Duckietown Duckiebot Pipeline 35 dt-duckiebot-interface • left/right wheel speed • raw camera image • led color and pattern dt-car-interface • linear/angular velocity
Duckietown Duckiebot Pipeline 36 dt-duckiebot-interface • left/right wheel speed • raw camera image • led color and pattern dt-car-interface • linear/angular velocity dt-core • lane following • coordination • …
Duckietown What’s nice about Docker • Dockerfiles serve as (required) documentation • Full control over execution environment • Know exactly what the dependencies are (e.g., dependencies-apt.txt) • Know exactly what files your application needs (build context, docker diff) • Full support of cross-application interaction • e.g., ROS, LCM • No conflict between libraries • Full control over networks and ports • Open only the ports and for the protocols you need • Full control over resources (X-Server, CPU, GPU, RAM) 37

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Dockers Containers in action Slide 0 to hero

  • 3. Duckietown I got it, it is like VirtualBox…. Hem, not really! 3 • Docker is similar (in spirit) to Virtual Environments but at a File System level VM 1 VM 2 VM 3 Container1 Container2 Container3
  • 5. Duckietown Common scenario • You just started a new research project 1. Freshly install Ubuntu for a clean environment 2. Configure your environment 3. Install all the libraries you need 5 ubuntu:18.04 NAME=Andrea apt install python-numpy # > >
  • 6. Duckietown Common scenario (with Docker) • You just started a new research project 1. Freshly install Ubuntu for a clean environment 2. Configure your environment 3. Install all the libraries you need 6 ubuntu:18.04 NAME=Andrea apt install python-numpy FROM ENV RUN Docker2ile
  • 7. Duckietown Docker = A lot of new confusing terms… 7 For example: • Docker Layer • Docker Image • Docker Container • Docker Volume • Docker Registry • Docker Compose
  • 9. Duckietown Docker Layer • It is a collection of files • e.g., /my_file.dat (user file) /etc/hosts (system file) • It is uniquely identified by an hash sha256:94c5c6f50a7204b49c5cdfd662aa203f3af0b2e2eb6b449634738edfae77fbe3 9
  • 10. Duckietown Docker Image • It is the combination of a sequence of Docker Layers • It is uniquely identified by an hash sha256:3448a24e6db0125ebbafefee0a355232fc533bd3a68c89dab3d450a8fa15d8ed • It is also (non-uniquely) identified by a name library/ubuntu:18.04 afdaniele/compose:0.9 format: [owner] / [image] : [tag] library / [image] : latest (default) 10
  • 11. Duckietown Docker Image VS Docker Layers • You CANNOT create single layers • You CAN create new images • Layers are read-only • The simplest (most beautiful) way to create an image is a Dockerfile 11
  • 12. Duckietown Dockerfile (an example) 12 FROM python:3.6 MAINTAINER Andrea F. Daniele <afdaniele@ttic.edu> RUN pip3 install tensorflow VOLUME /tflog EXPOSE 6006/tcp CMD ["python3", "-m", “tensorflow.tensorboard", "--logdir=/tflog"]
  • 13. Duckietown Dockerfile - Instructions 13 FROM ARG ENV MAINTAINER WORKDIR USER RUN ADD COPY VOLUME EXPOSE CMD ENTRYPOINT Define the base image Define build-only arguments (non-persistent) Define environment variables (persistent) Set maintainer info Set working directory Set user ID Run a command inside a container Copy files and directories from the build context Copy files and directories from the build context Define a new volume Declare ports used by the image Define default command Define entrypoint executable Useful documentation: docs.docker.com/reference
  • 14. Duckietown Docker Image 14 FROM python:3.6 MAINTAINER Andrea F. Daniele <afdaniele@ttic.edu> RUN pip3 install tensorflow VOLUME /tflog ... EXPOSE 6006/tcp CMD ["python3", "-m", “tensorflow.tensorboard", "--logdir=/tflog"] Docker'ile python : 3.6 afdaniele / tensor2low intermediate layers
  • 16. Duckietown Directory Build Context 16 FROM python:3.6 ... COPY my_image.jpg /data/my_image.jpg ... Docker'ile • A directory from which Docker is allowed to copy files to a layer
  • 17. Duckietown Building a Docker Image (using Dockerfile) • Build an image from a Dockerfile and a Build Context 17 docker build -t my_image [-f Dockerfile] ./ > Image name Docker2ile path Build context Docker'il e Build context Docker Engine Docker Image
  • 19. Duckietown Docker Container • An instance of a Docker image • It is uniquely identified by an alphanumeric string. e.g., 94c5c6f50a7204b49c5cdfd662aa203f3af0b2e2eb6b449634738edfae77fbe3 • It is also assigned a (possibly custom) name. e.g., admiring_einstein my_website 19 docker run [options] my_image > • Run a container from an image Image name
  • 20. Duckietown Docker Container 20 python : 3.6 afdaniele / tensor2low volatile (writeable) layer docker run [options] my_image > • Run a container from an image Image name • Contains everything you do in a running container • Is lost when the container is deleted
  • 21. Duckietown Combining layers - AUFS FileSystem Advanced multi-layered Unification File System 21 Another Unification File System • Later revised to, • Originally meaning,
  • 23. Duckietown Data persistency - Mounting directories • You can share local directories with one or more containers using where, path to a directory in the host file system destination path to the directory in the container file system 23 docker run -v [local_dir]:[container_dir] my_image > local_dir container_dir
  • 24. Duckietown Data persistency - Docker Volumes • Create a Docker volume • You can attach a volume to a container using where, name of the volume destination path in the container file system 24 docker volume create [volume_name] > volume_name container_dir docker run -v [volume_name]:[container_dir] my_image >
  • 25. Duckietown Docker Container (an interesting one) • Running the Dashboard on a Duckiebot 25 docker run -it -p 8080:80/tcp -v compose-data:/var/www/html -v /data:/data --hostname $(hostname) --name dashboard duckietown/dt-duckiebot-dashboard:daffy > docker volume create compose-data >
  • 26. Duckietown Dockerfile, Docker Image and Docker Container 26
  • 28. Duckietown Docker Registry • A storage and distribution system for Docker images • Two fundamental operations: push and pull 28
  • 30. Duckietown 80 / tcp backups db-storage mysql-db web-server version: '2' services: mysql-db: image: mysql:latest volumes: - db-storage:/var/lib/mysql - backups:/backups web-server: image: apache:latest ports: - "80:80" links: - mysql-db:mysql.db environment: - DBHost=mysql.db - DBUser=my_user - DBPassword=my_password volumes: db-storage: backups: docker-compose.yaml Docker Compose • An application can be split across multiple Docker images • The application runs when all the corresponding containers run
  • 34. Duckietown Duckiebot Pipeline 34 dt-duckiebot-interface • left/right wheel speed • raw camera image • leds color and pattern
  • 35. Duckietown Duckiebot Pipeline 35 dt-duckiebot-interface • left/right wheel speed • raw camera image • led color and pattern dt-car-interface • linear/angular velocity
  • 36. Duckietown Duckiebot Pipeline 36 dt-duckiebot-interface • left/right wheel speed • raw camera image • led color and pattern dt-car-interface • linear/angular velocity dt-core • lane following • coordination • …
  • 37. Duckietown What’s nice about Docker • Dockerfiles serve as (required) documentation • Full control over execution environment • Know exactly what the dependencies are (e.g., dependencies-apt.txt) • Know exactly what files your application needs (build context, docker diff) • Full support of cross-application interaction • e.g., ROS, LCM • No conflict between libraries • Full control over networks and ports • Open only the ports and for the protocols you need • Full control over resources (X-Server, CPU, GPU, RAM) 37