This document discusses specifications and certificates of analysis (COA), which are important documentation in the pharmaceutical industry. It provides details on the purpose, scope and required contents of specifications for raw materials, packaging materials, in-process materials, finished products, and preparation of containers. It also covers the purpose, contents and examples of COAs, which report analytical results for batches to ensure they meet specifications. COAs should include batch information, test acceptance criteria, results, and approval. Electronic COAs are also commonly used if appropriate controls are in place for the computer system generating them.