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Blocking and
Confounding
in the 2k Factorial
Design
ARIF RAHMAN
1
Experiments
Hypothesis/
Conjecture
Design of
Experiment
Conduct
Experiment
Analysis of
Data
Discussion &
Conclusion
Refine
the Model
2
Elements of Design of
Experiments
1. Conjecture or hypothesis
2. Response variable
3. Factors, levels and ranges
4. Treatments of factors
5. Blockings
6. Tools and methods for experiments and
measurements
7. Effect models (independent or interaction factors)
8. Replication, randomization and local factor
3
P Diagram
Signal
Factors
(m)
Noise
Factors
(x)
Control
Factors
(z)
Scaling
Factors
(r)
Response
Variables
(y)
F(x,m,z,r)
4
Inputs
Controllable Factors
(x)
Uncontrollable Factors
(z)
Output
(y)
F(x,z)
Introduction
5
Introduction
6
an Example: Chemical Yield
Experiment
7
an Example: Chemical Yield
Experiment
8
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
9
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
10
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
11
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
12
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
13
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
14
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
15
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
16
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
17
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
18
Randomization between blocks
Replicate Block Random
1 1 2047
1 2 5589
2 1 3255
2 2 7641
3 1 6859
3 2 3455
4 1 4328
4 2 1391
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
19
Randomization within blocks
Repl-Block Test Random
4.2 abc 2997
4.2 a 8220
4.2 b 3507
4.2 c 1522
: : :
2.2 abc 9450
2.2 a 5147
2.2 b 2085
2.2 c 4735
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Two Blocks
20
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
21
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
22
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
23
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
24
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
25
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
26
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
27
an Example: Filtration Rate
Experiment
28
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Four Blocks
29
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Four Blocks
30
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Four Blocks
31
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in Four Blocks
32
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in 2p Blocks
33
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in 2p Blocks
34
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in 2p Blocks
35
Confounding the 2k Factorial
Design in 2p Blocks
36
Partial Confounding
37
Partial Confounding
38
Partial Confounding
39
an Example: Etching Process
Experiment
40
an Example: Etching Process
Experiment
41
an Example: Etching Process
Experiment
42
43
That’s all
... Any Questions ???

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