The dot-com bubble occurred from roughly 1997-2000 as stock prices for internet-based companies rose rapidly based on expectations of future growth, even though many companies lacked real business plans or revenue models. Venture capitalists invested heavily in these dot-com startups, driving stock prices up further. By early 2000, many dot-com stocks were overvalued, and the bubble burst in March 2000 as the NASDAQ plunged. In the aftermath, trillions of dollars were lost as many dot-com companies were forced to declare bankruptcy without having turned a profit.