Drillings
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The document discusses drilling operations and drilling machines. It describes how drilling is performed using a rotating cutter called a drill. Drilling machines hold the workpiece stationary and rotate the drill to make a hole. Common types of drilling machines include portable, sensitive, radial, upright, gang, and multi-spindle machines. Drilling operations can include center hole drilling, deep hole drilling, thin material drilling, and pilot hole drilling. Safety precautions are important when using drilling machines.
Drillings
- 2. Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by using a rotating cutter called DRILL . The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine. The drilling operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is held in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck. The most common drill used is the twist drill.
- 3. It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop. The work piece is held stationary ie. Clamped in position and the drill rotates to make a hole. Types :- a) Based on construction: Portable, Sensitive,Radial, up-right, Gang, Multi-spindle b)Based on Feed: Hand and Power driven
- 4. Drill holes from 1.5 to 15mm Operator senses the cutting action so sensitive drilling machine
- 5. Drill holes upto 50mm Table can move vertically and radially
- 6. It the largest and most versatile used fro drilling medium to large and heavy work pieces.
- 8. The two most common types are 1. HSS drill - Low cost 2. Carbide- tipped drills - high production and in CNC machines Other types are Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbide coated masonry drills, parabolic drills, split point drill
- 10. Drilling operations Drilling Centre Hole Drilling Deep Holes Drilling Thin Material Drilling Pilot Hole
- 12. The different methods used for holding drill in a drill spindle are By directly fitting in the spindle hole. By using drill sleeve By using drill socket By using drill chuck
- 14. Operations that can be performed in a drillin g machine are Drilling Reaming Boring Counter boring Countersinking Tapping
- 17. Reamers :- Multi tooth cutting tool Accurate way of sizing and finishing the pre-existing hole. Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved Boring Tool:- Single point cutting tool. Boring tool is held in the boring bar which has the shank. Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved.
- 18. Countersinks :- Special angled cone shaped enlargement at the end of the hole Cutting edges at the end of conical surface. Cone angles of 60 ° , 82 ° , 90 ° , 100 ° , 110 ° , 120 ° Counter Bore Tool:- Special cutters uses a pilot to guide the cutting action . Accommodates the heads of bolts.
- 20. Combined Countersinks and central drill :- Special drilling tool to start the hole accurately. At the end it makes countersinks in the work piece. Gun drill :- Machining of lengthy holes with less feed rates. To overcome the heating and short life of the normal drill tool
- 21. Tapping:- For cutting internal thread Multi cutting edge tool. Tapping is performed either by hand or by machine. Minor dia of the thread is drilled and then tapping is done.
- 22. 1. Machine Table Vice
- 23. Step Blocks Clamps V-Blocks Angles Jigs T- Slots Bolt
- 24. Cutting Speed (v):- It’s the peripheral speed of the drill v = *D*N where D = dia of the drill in m N = Speed of rotation in rpm Feed Rate (f):- It’s the movement of drill along the axis (rpm) Depth of Cut (d):- The distance from the machined surface to the drill axis d = D / 2
- 25. Material Removal Rate:- It’s the volume of material removed by the drill per unit time MRR = ( D 2 / 4) * f * N mm 3 / min Machining Time (T) :- It depends upon the length (l) of the hole to be drilled , to the Speed (N) and feed (f) of the drill t = L / f N min
- 26. Lubrication is important to remove heat and friction. Machines should be cleaned after use Chips should be removed using brush. T-slots, grooves, spindles sleeves, belts, pulley should be cleaned. Machines should be lightly oiled to prevent from rusting
- 27. Do not support the work piece by hand – use work holding device. Use brush to clean the chip No adjustments while the machine is operating Ensure for the cutting tools running straight before starting the operation. Never place tools on the drilling table Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes. Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work piece.