Dynamics of Human Behaviour
28 likes19,697 views
This document provides an overview of key concepts in psychology including perception, cognition, emotion, behavior, different areas of psychology (e.g. social, clinical), and concepts related to the mind, consciousness, and body-mind relationships. It discusses topics like the levels of mind, altered states of consciousness, the relationship between genetics and environment, the role of the brain and neurotransmitters in behavior, and the psychology of sensations and the role of glands and muscles. The document is authored by Mr. Johny Kutty Joseph and appears to be lecture notes or material for students.
Dynamics of Human Behaviour
- 1. DYNAMICS OF PSYCHOLOGY PERCEPTION C O G N I T I O N EMOTION BEHAVIOUR SOCIAL SCIENTIST B E H A V I O U R A L S C I E N T I S T COGNITIVE SCIENTIST EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGICAL PERSONALITY SOCIAL CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGYMIND COUNSELING HAPPYINESS SARROW CRY ANGER SEX Mr. Johny Kutty Joseph, Asstt. Professor
- 2. DYNAMICS OF BEHAVIOUR 1. Body Mind Relationship. 2. Genetics and Environment in behaviour. 3. Brain and Behaviour. 4. Psychology of Sensations: Muscular and glandular controls of behavior.
- 3. THE MIND Mind and body are interrelated and interact each other. Mind is the function of the body. Our mental processes become richer and complex day by day. Mind is not a reality but a hypothetical structure. Mind is associated with thinking, reasoning, imagining, remembering, judging, observing etc. The mind can be defined as the total of various mental functioning.
- 4. LEVELS OF MIND 1. CONSCIOUS: Deals with experiences that are aware at moment while doing a mental activity. It is our current thoughts and perceptions. 2. PRECONSCIOUS/SUBCONSCIOUS: lies below the margin of consciousness. It includes the matter that can be recollected. It also prevents the flow of material from unconscious to conscious. It is our memories and stored knowledge. 3. UNCONSCIOUS: Totally unaware. These do not become conscious unless some methods like psychoanalysis are used. It includes repressed
- 5. MODES OF CONSCIOUSNESS 1. Cognition: to know: the cognitive part of the brain has to do with intelligence. 2. Affect: to feel: the affective deals with emotions 3. Conation: to do: conative drives how one acts on those thoughts and feelings
- 6. ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS (ASC) It is any condition that is which is significantly different from a normal waking state. It can occur accidentally due to fever, meningitis, sleep deprivation, psychosis or accident. It can be reached intentionally by hypnosis, meditation etc. It can also be ingested through psychoactive substance use like alcohol, cannabis etc. They may be induced by social behavior such as frenzied dancing such as abnormal excitement or emotional disturbance.
- 7. ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS (ASC) Hypnosis: it is a procedure that can lead to ASC by the power of suggestion. A hypnotist puts a subject in an ASC by encouraging relaxation and sleepiness and also describing the physical sensations. In this stage the subject act, perceive, think and feel according to the hypnotist’s suggestion. Meditation: it is a practice of focusing attention to enhance awareness and gain more control over physical and mental processes. This also include breathing exercises.
- 8. BODY – MIND RELATIONSHIP EFFECT OF THE BODY ON MENTAL FUNCTIONING. EFFECT OF THE MIND ON BODILY FUNCTIONS.
- 9. EFFECT OF THE BODY ON MENTAL FUNCTIONING. Increased blood pressure leads to mental over activity. Fatigue of the body makes concentration difficult and reduces cognitive functioning. Constipation can cause irritability and depression. Excessive thyroid activity leads to excitability. Overactive adrenal glands produce aggressive behavior. Lack of sleep disturb cognition.
- 10. EFFECT OF THE MIND ON BODILY FUNCTIONS. Unpleasant emotions like fear, anger, worry cause headache, insomnia, indigestion. Emotional conflicts are responsible for peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis and flatulence. Suppressed or repressed feelings cause nervousness, anxiety, depression etc. Deep thinking and concentration can cause fatigue. Humans are great power of intelligence and imagination. Injury to brain cause altered mental processes. Impulse transmission is an important element of
- 11. MODULATION IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS: MIND AND BODY A psychosomatic disease is a physical disorder that is caused due to mental factors. The mind and body are closely connected and affects each other. The body responds to the way we think, act and feel. When emotional health is unattended we experience physical complaints like back or chest pain, fatigue, palpitations sweating etc. It also can result in heart attack, stroke etc. When stressed our body cells produce toxic chemicals to destroy the body. Mind body interventions like yoga, mediation can be effective in the treatment of CAD. Studies have shown that
- 12. GENETICS AND ENVIRONEMNT GENETICS/HEREDITY: It is a biological process through which the transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to offspring occurs. ENVIRONMENT: It includes all the factors that influence an organ ism after conception. It may external or internal.
- 13. GENETICS /HEREDITY Principle of Reproduction: similarities among same families, race and species. Principle of Variation: difference among races and species. Eg. Color of African and Europeans. Principle of Chance: the combination of genes that go into the single cell which results from fertilization is matter of chance in human nature and other aspects. Genetic Disorders: Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Turner Syndrome (Female child with X0 instead of (XX) etc.
- 14. ENVIRONMENT Internal environment: The intracellular environment affects the embryonic development. The intrauterine environment affects the growth and nourishment of the fetus. The external environment includes a. Physical environment: weather, food, water, shelter, pollution, crowding: disturbance in BP and stress level. b. Social environment: family, peers, community, culture: it influence values, effects pampering, personality, autonomy,.
- 15. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR The human brain with other parts of the nervous system plays and important role in behavior. Review Structure of Neuron, Types of Neuron and Role of Synapse. Spinal Cord: Channel of communication and reflex action. Forebrain: (thalamus (relay station)hypothalamus (emotions and motivation) and cerebrum).
- 16. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR 1. Occipital lobe: visual perception. 2. Parietal lobe: sense of touch, area of touch. 3. Temporal lobe: auditory sensation. 4. Frontal lobe: voluntary activities: eating, speaking, crying. Mental activities: thinking, reasoning, imagining, attention, learning etc. Language abilities. Mid Brain: connecting fore brain and hind brain. Ability of concentration. Hind Brain: Medulla oblongata (motor activities, digestion, BP, respiration), Pons (coordination of muscles and sides of body) and Cerebellum (coordination and balance.)
- 17. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR 1. Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine: it is implicate din sleep, arousal, pain perception, the modulation and coordination of movement, memory acquisition and retention. Nor-epinephrine: Associated with fight or flight syndrome. It also helps in regulation of mood, cognition and perception. Dopamine: regulation of movement and coordination, emotions, voluntary decision making ability. Serotonin: Role in sleep and arousal, libido, appetite, mood, aggression and pain perception.
- 18. PSYCHOLGY OF SENSATIONS The joint mechanism of our sensory organs and brain makes us aware or conscious of the presence of a particular stimulus or stimuli available in our internal or external environment. It includes the following steps; 1. Stimulus 2. Receptors/sensory organs 3. Sensory nerves 4. Brain.
- 19. PSYCHOLGY OF SENSATIONS 1. Visual Sensation 2. Auditory Sensation 3. Olfactory Sensation. 4. Gustatory Sensation 5. Cutaneous Sensation 6. Kinesthetic Sensation: It is a type of sensation that enables us to react in position or movement of various parts of the body without actually observing it. Eg. Braking the vehicle, using switch board, using remote control, using computer key board. There is no special organ for it.
- 20. PSYCHOLGY OF GLANDS & MUSCLES 1. Muscles are termed as the useful machine and action organ of the body to carry out a number of conative activities. It is associated with bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments etc.. 2. Types of muscles: Smooth muscle (digestion, excretion and circulation), cardiac muscle(heart) and striated muscle (hand, legs, movement, etc.) 3. Functions of muscles Creating movements Maintaining posture Stabilizing joints
- 21. PSYCHOLGY OF GLANDS & MUSCLES 1. Exocrine Glands: salivary glands, taer glands, sweat glands etc. Fear and anxiety: under activity of salivary gland, dry mouth, urination occurs. Sorrow and grief: tears roll down. Anger: sweat gland over active Emotion expression: glands are necessary 1. Endocrine glands: secrete directly to blood. Pineal gland: melatonin: circadian rhythm Pituitary gland: number of hormones: controls others.
- 22. PSYCHOLGY OF GLANDS & MUSCLES Thymus gland: immunity and sexual functions Pancreas: insulin and glucagon, activity, weakness, nervousness etc. Thyroid gland: Gonads: controls sex behaviour. Adrenal: meets emergency situation. Meets body's need during fear, anger etc.