E-COMMERCE-PPROJECT-REPORT FOR ALL DESIGN AND ASSCESSORIES MAKE A REPORT

A PROJECT REPORT ON
E-Commerce Website
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirement for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING/INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Submitted By
Aayush Jha (U42000004011)
May – 2024-25
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
& INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
RAI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
RAI UNIVERSITY, SARODA, DHOLKA-382225
DIST: AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT

RAI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
RAI UNIVERSITY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Aayush Jha of B.Tech. Semester vii (Computer Science
engineering) has completed his final year project work titled “E-COMMERCE
WEBSITE” satisfactorily in partial fulfillment of requirement of Bachelor of
Technology degree of Computer Science/Information Technology, Rai
University, Saroda, Ahmedabad in the year 2024.
Internal Guide HOD
Prof. Aditya Sir Poonam Chakravarthy
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
CSE/IT Department CSE/IT Department
Date: Date:
I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Project would have not been possible without the help of many people that is why we
would like to thank all of them for their help.
During this Project we got a good experience of real work, which is completely
different from the academics. And this Project can be considered as the final step
towards achieving the bachelor’s degree. We are very thankful to many people who
helped us during our training.
We express our gratitude to our college RAI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, RAI
UNIVERSITY for giving this opportunity to undertake this training.
And last we convey our sincere thanks to Dr. Sailesh Iyer(Dean Department, RSE,
RAI UNIVERSITY), Aditya Sir (Internal Guide) and other faculty members who
the necessary help in the training. Besides this we would like to thank all those people
who helped us in one or other way.
II

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
CERTIFICATE I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II
TABLE OF CONTENTS III
LIST OF TABLE IV
LIST OF FIGURE V
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 - 2
1.1 Objectives 2
CHAPTER 2: WEB DEVELOPMENT 3 -4
2.1 Website 3
2.2 Web-Page 4
CHAPTER 3: THE STEPS TO CREATE A WEBSITE 5 - 14
3.1 UI DEVELOPMENT 6
3.1.1 HTML 7
3.1.2 CSS 9
3.1.3 BOOTSTRAP 9
3.2 Scripting 9
3.2.1 Server side Scripting 10
3.2.2 Server side Scripting languages 11
3.2.3 Client side Scripting 12
3.3 Database 12
3.4 SQL 13
3.5 Queries 14
CHAPTER: 4 Scripting Languages 14
4.1 PHP 14
4.2 INSTALLING PHP 16
4.3 JAVASCRIPT 17
4.4 JQUERY 18
4.5 AJAX 19
4.6 JSON 20
4.7 XAMPP 20
4.8 FEATURES 21
4.9 USES 21
III

CHAPTER: 5 Software Requirements Specification(SRS) 22
5.1 Hardware Requirement 22
5.2 Software Requirement 22
CHAPTER: 6 UML DIAGRAM 23 - 31
6.1 Use Case Diagram 23
6.2 Class Diagram 24
6.3 Activity Diagram 25
6.4 Sequence Diagram 27
6.5 Data flow Diagram 29
6.6 ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram 31
CHAPTER: 7 PROJECT 33
CHAPTER: 8 SCREENSHOT 34 - 37
CHAPTER: 9 MAINTENANCE 38
CHAPTER: 10 FUTURE SCOPE AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 39
CHAPTER: 11 CONCLUSON 40
IV
LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE
NO.
3.2.2 PIE CHART

ABSTRACT
I have used MSP430 16-bit microcontroller. It is mainly used for low power
application. Among various controller available in MSP430 series I have used F4270
of 4xx series.
My project is a display device. It is Universal input process indicator. Universal Input
Process indicator display the inputs. It display the input process in the form of
voltage. Input process may be voltage, temperature, pressure, flow etc. It takes the
input in the form of voltage. By this mean it is universal Input process indicator. All
MSP430 devices can work in the low power mode. So it consumes less power.
VI

CHAPTER -1: INTRODUCTION
E commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet.
It is conducted over computers, tablets, smart phones, and other smart devices.
Almost anything can be purchased through e-commerce today; for this reason,e-
commerce is often highly competitive.
E-commerce operates in several market segments including business-to-business,
business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, and consumer-to-business.
Top Examples of E-commerce. There are some pretty major examples of e-commerce
businesses that have made it big, including Amazon, Flipkart, eBay, and Myntra.
1.
1.1 OBJECTIVES

Online Shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods and services
without any intermediary service over the internet. The goal of this website is to
develop a web based interface for students of Jammu and kashmir, the website would
be easy to use and hence the shopping experience pleasant for the users. The main
goal of this website is:
1). To develop an easy to use web based interface where students can search
for products(books) view a complete description of the product and order the
product.
2). A student can buy and sell books from home.
3). A student can get books on rent.
2.

CHAPTER - 2:WEB DEVELOPMENT
1. Planning Phase
Requirement Analysis: Understanding the needs of the stakeholders, including
customers
Tech Stack Selection: Choosing technologies such as:
Front-end: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap.
Back end: PHP, MySQL for server-side scripting and
database management.
Tools: Visual Studio Code for development
2. Design phase
 UI/UX Design: Focused on creating an intuitive user
interface with a responsive Design.
 Theme and Branding: Developed a cohesive design
consistent with the brand’s identity.
3. Development Phase
Front end Development:
 Designed dynamic product pages with categories and search filters.
 Integrated responsive design using CSS Flexbox, Grid,and Bootstrap.
 Added interactive elements like carousels and animations using JavaScript.
3.

3.Back end Development:
Developed a secure and efficient database for managing products, users, and orders
using MySQL.
Created dynamic pages using PHP to handle user input, session management, and
database interactions.integrated functionality for cart, wish list, order
tracking, and user profiles
4. Testing Phase
Testing: Ensured individual modules like the cart, login, and
integration Testing: Verified that all components interact
seamlessly.
Responsive Testing: Tested on multiple devices and browsers for responsiveness.
Security Testing: Checked for vulnerabilities in user authentication and payment
processes.
Key Features
1. User Authintication: Secure login and registration system.
Password reset functionality.
2. Product Catalog: Advanced search and filters (price, category, brand, etc.).Product
details page with reviews and ratings.
3. Shopping Cart:Dashboard for managing products, categories, and users. Analytics
and sales reports.
4. Order Management: Order summary and history tracking.
5. Admin Panel:Dashboard for managing products, categories, and users Analytics
and sales reports.
6. Responsive Design: Ensures seamless browsing on desktops, tablets, and
smartphones.
4.
.

CHAPTER : 3:-THE STEPS TO CREATE A WEBSITE
1.User Interface (UI) Development: he UI is the front-facing part of the website that
users interact with. It includes layout, design, and navigation.
Steps:
1. Set Up the Environment: Install a code editor like Visual Studio Code or Sublime
Text.Set up the project directory with folders for HTML, CSS, and images.
2. Build the HTML Structure: Create an HTML file (e.g., index.html) to define the
website's structure. Use semantic tags like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer>
for betterreadability and SEO.
Creating a UI (user Interface).
Scripting (Both end server end client server)
Creating a backed for the database
5.

3.1 UI DEVELOPMENT
Technologies that are used mostly used to develop a User
Interface are:
 HTML
 CSS
 BOOTSRAP
3.1.1 HTML
HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE(HTML) is the standard markup language
used to create web pages. It is a combination of Hypertext and Markup language. The
Hypertext defines the link between web pages, and Markup defines the text document
within tags to structure the web pages. This language annotates text so that machines
can understand and manipulate it accordingly. HTML is human-readable and uses
tags to define what manipulation has to be done on the text.
Features of HTML
It is easy to learn and easy to use.
It is platform-independent.
Images, videos, and audio can be added to a web page.
Hypertext can be added to the text.
It is a markup language.
6.

3.1.2 CSS
 Cascading style sheet (CSS) is a language designed to simpliy the process of
making web pages presentable. It allows
 you to apply styles to HTML documents, describing how a web page should look
by prescribing colors, fonts, spacing, And positioning. CSS provides developers
and designers with-powerful control over the presentation of HTML
Elements.
 HTML uses tags and CSS uses rulesets. CSS styles are applied to the HTML
element using selectors. CSS is easy to learn and understand, but it provides
powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document.
Type of CSS
1. Inline CSS
Inline CSS involves applying styles directly to individual HTML elements using the
style attribute. This method allows for specific styling of elements within the HTML
document, overriding any external internal styles.
Example: This example shows the use of inline CSS with the help of an HTML
document
7.

2. Internal or Embedded CSS
Internal or Embedded CSS is defined within the HTML
document’s <style> element. It
applies style to specified HTML elements, The CSS rule
set should be within the HTML file in the head section
i.e. the CSS is embedded within the <style> tag insidethe head section of the HTML
file
Example: This example shows the use of internal CSS with the help of an HTML
document.
2.External CSS
External CSS is used to place CSS code in a separate file and link to the HTML
document. To use external CSS, create a separate file with the .css file extension
that contains your CSS rules. You can link this file to your HTML document using
the “link” tag in the head section of your HTML document.
8.
3.1.3 BOOTSTRAP
Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web development.

Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS based design templates for typography,forms,
buttons, tables, navigation,modals, image carousels and many other, as well as
optional JavaScript plugins.
Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create responsive designs.
Installing and Linking bootstrap to the HTML Page :
Install bootstrap from https://getbootstrap.com/ Copy thee bootstrap.min.css file to
your CSS folder and link it to the HTML page in the similar manner to how any
other CSS file is linked.
Link the bootstrap.min.js file which is present in the JS folder of the bootstrap.
It can be linked using script tag.
Eg: <script.src=”url to bootstrap.min.js”></script>
Now use bootstrap classes to reduce the work of designing which was earlier
done through CSS.
3.2 SCRIPTING
There are two types of scripting methodologies
1. Server side Scripting : This scripting is done at the server end
2. Client side scripting : This scripting is done at the client end
or the browser
9.
3.2.1 Server Side Scripting

Web servers are used to execute server-side scripting. They are basically used to
create dynamic pages. It can also access the file system residing at the webserver. A
server-side environment that runs on a scripting language is a web server.
Scripts can be written in any of a number of server-side scripting languages
available. It is used to retrieve and generate content for dynamic pages. It is used to
require to download plugins. In this load times are generally faster than client-side
scripting. When you need to store and retrieve information a database will be used
to contain data. It can use huge resources of the server. It reduces client-side
computation overhead. The server sends pages to the request of the user/client.
3.2.2 Server Side Scripting Language
There are several language that can be used server side scripting language.
 PHP
 ASP.NET(C# OR VISUAL BASIC)
 C++
 JAVA AND JSP
 PYTHON
 Ruby or rails
10.

Fig:- 3.2.2 PIE CHART
3.2.3 Client Side Scripting
Web browsers execute client-side scripting. It is used when browsers have all code.
Source code is used to transfer from webserver to user’s computer over
the internet and run directly on browsers. It is also used for validations and
functionality for user events.
It allows for more interactivity. It usually performs several actions without going to
the user. It cannot be basically used to connect to databases on a web server. These
scripts cannot access the file system that resides in the web browser. Pages are
altered on basis of the user’s choice. It can also be used to create “cookies” that
store data on the user’s computer.
11.

3.2. DATABASE
A database is an organized collection of data stored in a computer system and
usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). The data in common
databases is modeled in tables, making querying and processing efficient. Structured
query language (SQL) is commonly used for data querying and writing.
The Database is an essential part of our life. We encounter several activities that
involve our interaction with databases, for example in the bank, in the railway
station, in school, in a grocery store, etc. These are the instances where we need to
store a large amount of data in one place and fetch these data easily.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized programming language that is
essential for managing and manipulating databases. Here are the key points about
SQL:
 Query Execution: It allows for executing queries to interact with databases.
 Data Retrieval: SQL is used to retrieve data from databases efficiently.
 Record Modification: It enables the modification of existing records within a
database.
 Database Creation: SQL is instrumental in creating and structuring new
databases and tables.
 Stored Procedures and Views: It defines stored procedures and views within the
database.
 Declarative Nature: SQL is a declarative language, focusing on the "what"
rather than the "how" of data operations.
 RDBMS Compatibility: It is widely implemented in relational database
management systems (RDBMS) such as MS SQL Server, IBM
DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.

12.
3.5 QUERIES
In the field of Database Management Systems (DBMS), a query serves as a
fundamental tool for retrieving, manipulating, and managing data stored within a
database. Queries act as the bridge between users and databases, enabling them to
communicate with the system to extract specific information or perform various
operations on the data. Understanding the nuances of queries and their associated
terminologies is crucial for anyone working with databases, whether as a developer,
analyst, or database administrator.
What is a Queries
A query in a DBMS is a request made by a user or application to retrieve or
manipulate data stored in a database. This request is typically formulated
using a structured query language (SQL) or a query interface provided by
the DBMS. The primary purpose of a query is to specify precisely what data is
needed and how it should be retrieved.
13.

CHAPTER : 4
SCRIPTING LANGUAGES
4.1 PHP
Paradigm Imperative, functional, object-oriented, procedural,
reflective
Designed by Rasmus Lerdrof
Developer The PHP Development Team, Zend Technologies
First appeared June 8, 1995; 21 years ago
Stable release 7.1.5/ May 11, 2017; 16 days ago
Typing
discipline
Dynamic, weak, gradual(as of PHP 7.0.0)
Implementation
Language
C(primarily; some components C++)
OS Unix-like, Windows
License PHP License (most of Zend Engine under Zend Engine
License & The TSRM License)
Filename extensions Php, phtml, php3, php4, php5, php7,. phps
Website Php.net
FIG: Table:- 4.1
14.

PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. It is a widely-used, open-source
scripting language designed specifically for web development but also used as a
general-purpose programming language. PHP scripts are executed on the server, and
the result is sent to the client's web browser as plain HTML
Key Features of PHP
1.Server-Side Scripting: PHP code is executed on the server, generating HTML
which is then sent to the client. This ensures that the client only sees the result of the
script execution and not the underlying code.
2.Open Source: PHP is free to download and use, making it accessible to a wide
range of developers1.
3.Cross-Platform Compatibility: PHP runs on various platforms, including
Windows, Linux, Unix, and macOS.
4.Database Integration: PHP can interact with a wide range of databases, such as
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.
5.Ease of Use: PHP is easy to learn and use, making it a popular choice for beginners
15.
4.2 INSTALLING PHP

1. Visit the official PHP website https://windows.php.net/download/ and download the
latest version of PHP for your operating system.
2. Once the download is complete, double-click the setup file to start the installation
process.
3. Follow the instructions provided by the setup wizard to install PHP on your computer.
4. Once the installation is complete, restart your computer to apply the changes.
5. We have to used Xampp to run the PHP files :
Fig:4.2 PHP TABLE
16.
4.3 JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is a single-threaded, synchronous programming and scripting language
widely used in web development. It plays a crucial role in both front-end and back-

end development, enabling dynamic and interactive user experiences. Unlike
compiled languages, JavaScript is interpreted through web browsers, making it
highly accessible and versatile. It is a loosely typed (or weakly typed) language,
meaning variable types are determined at runtime.
JavaScript enhances web page interactivity by allowing dynamic content updates,
handling button clicks, setting timed updates, and more.
HISTORY OF JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript's history began in 1993 with the creation of the first popular web
browser, Mosaic. In 1994, Netscape, founded by Marc Andreessen, sought to make
the web more interactive by adding a programming language to web pages. Brendan
Eich was hired to develop this language, initially planning to use Scheme. However,
after Netscape merged with Sun Microsystems, they decided to incorporate Java into
their browser to compete with Microsoft. To avoid confusion between the new
scripting language and Java, Netscape named the scripting language "LiveScript,"
later changing it to "JavaScript" in December 1995. The first version was called
"Mocha" by Marc Andreessen but was renamed to "JavaScript" due to trademark
and other reasons.
4.4 JQUERY
jQuery is a fast, small, cross-platform and feature-rich JavaScript library. It is
designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. It makes things like HTML
document traversal and manipulation, animation, event handling, and AJAX very
simple with an easy-to-use API that works on a lot of different type of browsers.
The main purpose of jQuery is to provide an easy way to use JavaScript on your
website to make it more interactive and attractive. It is also used to add animation.
17.
WHAT IS JQUERY

jQuery is a small, light-weight and fast JavaScript library. It is cross-platform and
supports different types of browsers. It is also referred as ?write less do more?
because it takes a lot of common tasks that requires many lines of JavaScript code to
accomplish, and binds them into methods that can be called with a single line of code
whenever needed. It is also very useful to simplify a lot of the complicated things
from JavaScript, like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation.
 jQuery is a small, fast and lightweight JavaScript library.
 jQuery is platform-independent.
 jQuery means "write less do more".
 jQuery simplifies AJAX call and DOM manipulation.
4.5 AJAX
Imagine browsing a website and being able to submit a form, load new content, or
update information without having to refresh the entire page. That's the magic of
AJAX. Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) is a web development technique
that allows web pages to communicate with a web server asynchronously, meaning it
can send and receive data in
the background without interfering with the user's interaction on the page.
This dynamic approach to web development has transformed the way we interact with
websites, making them more responsive, interactive, and user-friendly.
18.

HISTORY OF AJAX
The roots of AJAX date back to the early days of the internet when developers began
exploring ways to enhance user experiences on web pages. However, it wasn't until
2005 that Jesse James Garrett coined the term "AJAX" in his seminal article. He
described a set of technologies, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML, and the
XMLHttpRequest (XHR) object, which together laid the foundation for AJAX. These
technologies allowed developers to create web applications that could asynchronously
exchange data with a web server without requiring a full page reload. Since then,
AJAX has become a cornerstone of modern web development, powering many of the
dynamic and interactive features we see on the web today.
4.6 JSON
JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation is a lightweight and human-readable
format for storing and exchanging data. It is a format for structuring data. This
format is used by different web applications to communicate with each other. It has
become the actual standard for data communication across web applications due to
its simplicity and flexibility.
In this JSON tutorial, we will provide you with the fundamentals of JSON, JSON
Syntax including objects, arrays, values, keys, and string formats, JSON topics
including parsing JSON in various programming languages, using JSON for web
APIs, and data handling of large JSON datasets, enabling you to create, parse, and
leverage JSON data effective.
19.

4.6 XAMPP
FIG: 4.6 XAMPP
XAMPP is one of the widely used cross-platform web servers, which helps
developers to create and test their programs on a local webserver. It was developed by
the Apache Friends, and its native source code can be revised or modified by the
audience. It consists of Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB, and interpreter for the
different programming languages like PHP and Perl. It is available in 11 languages
and supported by different platforms such as the IA-32 package of Windows & x64
package of macOS and Linux.
4.8 FEATURES
XAMPP is a regularly updated to the latest releases of Apache, MariaDB, PHP and
Perl. It also comes with a number modules including, OpenSSL, phpMyAdmin,
MediaWiki, Joomla, Wordpress and more, Self-contained, multiple instances of
XAMPP can exist on a single computer, and any given instances can be copied from
one computer to another. XAMPP is offered in both a full and a standard
version(Smaller version).
20.

4.9 XAMPP
XAMPP is primarily used for local development and testing of web applications. It
provides a full-fledged web server environment, including Apache, MariaDB
(formerly MySQL), PHP, and Perl, which makes it an ideal platform for developers to
create and test web applications without needing to upload them to a live server. This
local environment helps in spotting and fixing bugs and testing new features before
making them live, ensuring a smoother and more reliable user experience when the
website goes public.
Additionally, XAMPP is a cost-effective solution for database management and
server-side development. It comes with phpMyAdmin, a powerful tool for managing
MariaDB databases, which allows developers to create, modify, and interact with
databases easily. The inclusion of PHP and Perl enables developers to write and test
server-side scripts efficiently. XAMPP supports multiple platforms, making it
versatile and accessible for developers working on different operating systems.
21.

CHAPTER -5:SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Processor Intel ®
RAM 4.0 GB
Hard Disk Drive 1 TB
FIG: 5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT TABLE
5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Tools : V.S code and Notepad ++
Frontend HTML, CSS AND JAVASCRIPT
Backend PHP
Server Apache server/Xampp Server
FIG: 5.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT TABLE
22.

CHAPTER : 6: UML DIAGRAM
6.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM
A Use Case Diagram for an e-commerce system outlines the interactions between the
users (actors) and the system itself, focusing on the various actions that users can
perform. It includes main actors such as Customers, Admin, and Visitors, who interact
with the system in different ways. For example, Customers can browse products, add
items to their cart, proceed to checkout, make payments, and view their order history.
Admins have the ability to manage products, process orders, and handle user
accounts. Visitors, on the other hand, can browse products and view product details
but need to register or log in to perform more advanced actions like purchasing. The
diagram visually captures these interactions, helping in understanding the system’s
requirements and ensuring all necessary functionalities are included for a seamless
user experience.
FIG:6.1. USE CASE DIAGRAM
23.

6.2 CLASS DIAGRAM
Explanation:
 User: This class includes attributes like UserID, UserName, Email, and
Password, with methods for registering, logging in, and updating the user's
profile.
 Product: Attributes include ProductID, ProductName, Description, Price, and
Stock, with methods to add, update, or delete a product.
 Cart: Contains attributes like CartID, UserID, and a list of Products. Methods
include adding items to the cart, removing items, and checking out.
 Order: Attributes include OrderID, OrderDate, TotalAmount, and UserID, with
methods to create, cancel, and view orders.
 These classes interact to provide a full-fledged e-commerce experience, covering
user management, product catalog, shopping cart functionality, and order
processing. If you need further details or specific aspects to be expanded, let me
know!

25.
6.3 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
An activity diagram for an e-commerce system visually represents the flow of
activities involved in the online shopping process. It starts with the customer
browsing products and adding items to their cart. The customer then proceeds to
checkout, where they enter shipping and payment information. Upon successful
payment, the order is processed, and the system generates an order confirmation,
leading to order fulfillment and shipment. This diagram helps in understanding the
sequential steps and possible decision points within the e-commerce workflow.
FIG: ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

26.
6.4 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
A sequence diagram for an e-commerce website shows how objects interact in a
particular scenario of a use case. It helps to visualize the sequence of messages passed
between different objects to carry out a specific function, such as placing an order.
Here is a simplified sequence diagram for the "Place Order" process:
 Browse Products: The customer browses products, and the browser sends a
request to the web server to display available products.
 · Add to Cart: The customer adds items to their cart, and the browser updates
this information.
 · View Cart: The customer views their cart, and the browser retrieves the cart
details from the web server.
 · Checkout: The customer proceeds to checkout, triggering a series of actions
including fetching user and cart data from the database.
 · Payment: The web server sends a payment request to the payment gateway,
which processes the payment and sends an approval response.
 · Order Confirmation: The web server confirms the order, updating the order
status in the database and notifying the customer.
This sequence diagram helps in understanding the interaction flow and the roles of
different components in completing an order transaction on an e-commerce website. If
you need more details or a specific aspect to be expanded, let me know!

28.
6.5 Data Flow Diagram
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for an e-commerce website illustrates how data moves
through the system, depicting processes, data stores, data flows, and external entities.
Here's a simplified example:
1) Customer Browses Products:
 Process: Browse Products
 Data Flow: Request for product list (from Customer to System)
 Data Store: Product Database
 Data Flow: Product list (from Product Database to System to Customer)
2) Customer Adds Items to Cart:
 Process: Add to Cart
 Data Flow: Product details (from Customer to System)
 Data Store: Cart Data Store
 Data Flow: Update Cart (System to Cart Data Store)
3) Customer Proceeds to Checkout:
 Process: Checkout
 Data Flow: Cart details (from Cart Data Store to System to Customer)
 Data Store: Order Database
 Data Flow: Order details (from Customer to System to Order Database)
 External Entity: Payment Gateway
 Data Flow: Payment information (from System to Payment Gateway and back)
4) Order Processing and Confirmation:
 Process: Process Order
 Data Flow: Order confirmation (from Order Database to System to Customer

30.
6.6 FIG: E-R (ENTITY RELATIONSHIP) DIAGRAM
An Entity-Relationship (E-R) Diagram for an e-commerce website illustrates the
relationships between different entities involved in the system. Here's a simplified
representation of an E-R diagram for an e-commerce platform:
Entities and Relationships:
1) . User:
Attributes: UserID, UserName, Email, Password, Address.
Relationship: Makes Orders, Owns Cart.
2.) Product:
Attributes: ProductID, ProductName, Description, Price, Stock.
Relationship: Belongs to Category, Included in OrderItem, Added to Car.
3). Order:
Attributes: OrderID, OrderDate, TotalAmount, UserID
Relationship: Contains OrderItems, Made by User
4). OrderItem:
Attributes: OrderItemID, Quantity, Price, ProductID, OrderID
Relationship: Part of Order, Contains Product
5). Cart:
Attributes: CartID, UserID
Relationship: Holds Products, Belongs to User
6). Category:
Attributes: CategoryID, CategoryName

Relationship: Has Products
31.
Fig: E-R(Entity Relationship) DIAGRAM

32.
CHAPTER : 7: PROJECT
7.1 Project (Advanced Technologies)
Name: E-commerce Website
7.2 Technologies Used
 HTML
 CSS
 Bootstrap
 Core php
 Javascript
 JQuery
 Ajax
 Server :- Apache Xampp
 Database :- Mysql
 Operating System :- Windows 11
 Team Size :- 1
7.3 Technical details
Front end is designed using HTML, CSS and Bootsrap. Ajax used to perform behind
the screen requests and Javascript used to perform client side scripting.
Back end is based on PHP + MYSql based RDB(Relational Data Base) model.
The SQL queries are run using the CI SQL library functions.
Backend online host includes a centralized database resident on the server, the script
which is built in PHP used to SQL. Query the database on user’s request for
transaction of data.
The forms are made using the HTML, Bootstrap for designing and Php, sql for back-
end.
Javascript, AJAX and JQuery used for client side scripting and PHP for the server
side development.

Fig:8.1:- HOME PAGE
Fig: 8.2 CART PAGE
34.

Fig : - 8.3 Login PAGE
Fig: 8.4 REGISTER PAGE
35.

Fig :-8.5 CART PAGE
FIG:- 8.6 CHECKOUT PAGE
36.

FIG:- 8.7 CONTACT PAGE
FIG:- 8.8 ACCOUNT PAGE
37.
CHAPTER - 9: MAINTENANCE

Maintaining an e-commerce website is critical to ensure its smooth operation,
security, and optimal performance. Regular maintenance involves various tasks such
as updating software and plugins to the latest versions to protect against
vulnerabilities and enhance functionality. It also includes monitoring the website for
performance issues, ensuring fast load times, and minimizing downtime to provide a
seamless user experience.
Additionally, maintenance entails managing and backing up data to prevent loss and
ensure recovery in case of technical failures. It involves updating product information,
prices, and inventory regularly to keep the site accurate and up-to-date. Another key
aspect is SEO (Search Engine Optimization) maintenance, which involves updating
keywords, meta descriptions, and content to improve search engine rankings and drive
more traffic to the site. Overall, maintaining an e-commerce website is an ongoing
process that requires attention to detail and proactive measures to keep the site secure,
efficient, and user-friendly.
For maintenace of the website :
1. The database has to be updated regularly according to new available information.
2. Redundant and false information must be removed for the database.
3. New version of PHP and MYSQL can be used for up gradation of website and to
improve the overall performance of the system.
38.
CHAPTER : 10

FUTURE SCOPE & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT PROJECT NAME :-
E-COMMERCE WEBSITE
1).E-Commerce website would help each and every person to find any book via our
website and get it at home it will save their time.
2).It would provide huge collection of books of all fields.
3).Students will also get audio/video series of courses. I.e. they can learn
online/offline.
4).We will be providing some special courses both online and of provide.
39.
CHAPTER :- 11: CONClUSION

We have successfully implemented the site’E-COMMERCE WEBSITE’. with the
help of various links and tools, we have been able to provide a site which will be live
soon and running on the web. We have been succesfull in our attempt to take care of
the needs of both the user as well as the administrator. Finally we hope that this will
go a long way in popularizing.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.w3schools.com
www.php.net
www.fontawesome.io
Wikipedia
40.

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