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PDF/.../E-‐Waste_publicaAon_screen_FINALVERSION-‐sml.pdf>
8
February
2011.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ewastedisposalinchinapresentation-13062832797647-phpapp01-110524193226-phpapp01/85/E-Waste-Disposal-In-China-Presentation-11-320.jpg)
E Waste Disposal In China Presentation
- 1. E-‐Waste Disposal in China: Lead Exposure in E-‐Waste Workers Dan Halpert ES27: Public Health Engineering
- 2. Lead ContaminaAon • Natural heavy metal – ParAculate, solid metal, dissolved or parAAoned – Cannot breakdown further • Human toxicity – InhalaAon, ingesAon, dermal exposure • Adult BLL: 20 μg lead/dL blood is dangerous • Child BLL: 10 μg lead/dL blood is dangerous – Damage to nervous, renal, reproducAve, and cardiovascular systems • Children: developmental affects • Common in computers and electronics
- 3. E-‐Waste • Any electronic trash • US exports 70% of e-‐ waste – It is illegal to do so! • China: largest e-‐waste importer – Guiyu Region, China – 100,000 e-‐Waste workers
- 4. Does this look safe?
- 5. What is the Result? Location Description Sample Type Lead Conc (ppm) Workshop A Floor dust 51000 Workshop B Floor dust 66350 Workshop C Floor dust 31300 Beilin, China Stored Dust Floor dust 76000 Workshop A Solder 375000 Workshop C Solder 385000 Solder Worker Home dust 719 Guiyu Town, China Solder Worker Home dust 4110 Non-Ewaste Worker Home dust 182 Discharge Gully Sediment 12000 Whole region Groundwater 0.063 Guiyu Region Discharge Channel, Sediment 4505 start Discharge Channel, Sediment 10000 end • WHO Standard for lead in drinking water: 0.015 ppm • Guiyu imports drinking water
- 6. What is the Result in Children? Location Age Number BLL Mean ± SD Range No. (%) > 10 ug/ dL 1-4 22 12.88 ± 4.88 4.40–22.09 16 (72.7) 4-5 49 14.01 ± 6.06 4.90–30.25 35 (71.4) Guiyu Town 5-6 94 16.54 ± 5.56 4.50–32.67 84 (89.4) Total 165 15.30 ± 5.79 4.40–32.67 135 (81.8) 1-4 14 10.02 ± 3.03 5.72–14.23 6 (42.9) 4-5 20 9.46 ± 3.82 4.09–23.10 5 (25.0) Chendian 5-6 27 10.27 ± 4.73 4.52–22.18 12 (44.4) Total 61 9.94 ± 4.05 4.09–23.10 23 (37.7) Shantou City1 Total 19 7.9 ± 3.6 N/A N/A • Hazard quoAent of 50.2
- 7. Health Problems for E-‐Waste Workers • 80% of Guiyu • Many cases of – respiratory infecAons – kidney stones – verAgo – headaches – nausea • Incidence is common among residents – Higher among e-‐waste workers • Risk characterizaAon: high
- 8. Risk Management • 1982: US Fed. Code of RegulaAons 40 CFR 262.E • 2005: NaAonal Computer Recycling Act of 2005 – Rep Michael D. Thompson (D – CA) “establish a grant and fee program through the Environmental Protec8on Agency to encourage and promote the recycling of used computers and to promote the development of a na8onal infrastructure for the recycling of used computers” • 2009: US HOR funds research • Similar laws in China (less enforced though)
- 9. Failure of Risk Management • Export/import laws are loosely enforced – 3% of all containers are inspected • Companies may not be honest – ExecuAve Recycling
- 10. Improving Risk Management • In the US: – Unequivocally stop exporAng e-‐waste – Establish a compeAAve e-‐waste recycling industry • In China: – Improve safety of working condiAons – Provide educaAon and training in occupaAonal and environmental health
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Environmental Programme, Sustainable Innova8on and Technology Transfer Industrial Sector Studies. <hip://calrecycle.ca.gov/Electronics/WhaAsEwaste/>. <www.unep.org/PDF/.../E-‐Waste_publicaAon_screen _FINALVERSION-‐sml.pdf> 8 February 2011. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. United States Department of Health and United States House of RepresentaAves (HOR). 111th Congress. House Commiiee On Science Human Services. Toxicological Profile for Lead.. By Henry Abadin. [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and and Technology. Agenda Overview. Vol. 111th Congress. Print. Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2007. Print. "Where Can I Donate or Recycle My Old Computer and Other Electronic Products? | Greenpeace InternaAonal. “Recycling of Electronic Wastes in China and India: Workplace and ECycling | US EPA." US Environmental Protec8on Agency. 17 Dec. 2010. Web. 07 Apr. 2011. <hip:// Environmental ContaminaAon Report.” K. 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