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- 1. E-WASTE
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. • E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original users.
- 3. CAUSES • E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. • It is a crisis of not quantity alone but also a crisis born from toxics ingredients, posing a threat to the occupational health as well as the environment. • Rapid technology change, changes in media (tapes, software, MP3), falling prices, low initial cost, high obsolescence rate have resulted in a fast growing problem around the globe.
- 4. A GLOBAL CHALLENGE • An estimated 50 million tons of E-waste are produced each year. • The USA discards 30 million computers each year and 100 million phones are disposed of in Europe each year. • The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that only 15-20% of e- waste is recycled, the rest of these electronics go directly into landfills and incinerators • the amount of e-waste being produced - including mobile phones and computers - could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next decade in some countries, such as India. • The United States is the world leader in producing electronic waste, tossing away about 3 million tons each year. • China already produces about 2.3 million tons (2010 estimate) domestically, second only to the United States. And, despite having banned e-waste imports, China remains a major e-waste dumping
- 6. ELECTRONIC WASTE DUMP OF THE WORLD: GUIYU, CHINA • It is often referred to as the “e-waste capital of the world.” • The city employs over 150,000 e-waste workers that work through 16- hour days disassembling old computers and recapturing whatever metals and parts they can reuse or sell. • Soaring levels of toxic heavy metals and organic contaminants in the soil. • 82% of the Guiyu children had blood/lead levels of more than 100. • The highest concentrations of lead were found in the children of parents whose workshop dealt with circuit boards and the lowest was among those who recycled plastic.
- 7. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT In industries management of e-waste should begin at the point of generation. This can be done by waste minimization techniques and by sustainable product design. Waste minimization in industries involves adopting: • inventory management, • production-process modification, • volume reduction, • recovery and reuse.
- 8. RECOVERY AND REUSE • This technique could eliminate waste disposal costs, reduce raw material costs and provide income from a salable waste. • Waste can be recovered on-site, or at an off-site recovery facility, or through inter industry exchange. • For example, a printed-circuit board manufacturer can use electrolytic recovery to reclaim metals from copper and tin-lead plating bath.
- 9. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT • Governments should set up regulatory agencies in each state, which are vested with the responsibility of coordinating and consolidating the regulatory functions of the various government authorities regarding hazardous substances. • Governments must encourage research into the development and standard of hazardous waste management, environmental monitoring and the regulation of hazardous waste-disposal. • Governments should enforce strict regulations and heavy fines levied on industries, which do not practice waste prevention and recovery in the production facilities. • Governments should enforce strict regulations against dumping e- waste in the country by outsiders. • Governments should explore opportunities to partner with manufacturers and retailers to provide recycling services.
- 10. RESPONSIBILITY AND ROLE OF INDUSTRIES • Use label materials to assist in recycling (particularly plastics). • Standardize components for easy disassembly. • Re-evaluate 'cheap products' use, make product cycle 'cheap' and so that it • has no inherent value that would encourage a recycling infrastructure. • Create computer components and peripherals of biodegradable materials. • Utilize technology sharing particularly for manufacturing and de manufacturing. • Encourage / promote / require green procurement for corporate
- 11. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CITIZEN • Recycling raw materials from end-of-life electronics is the most effective solution to the growing e-waste problem. • E-wastes should never be disposed with garbage and other household wastes. This should be segregated at the site and sold or donated to various organizations. • Reuse, in addition to being an environmentally preferable alternative, also benefits society. By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organizations, and lower-income families can afford to use equipment that they otherwise could not afford. • Gather any unwanted chargers, accessories or batteries to recycle –find national recycling center of the company
- 12. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN • Minimization of hazardous wastes should be at product design stage itself keeping in mind the following factors • Rethink the product design • Use of renewable materials and energy(e.g. use of Bio- based plastics) • Use of non-renewable materials that are safer (ensure the product is built for re-use, repair and/or upgradeability)