Earth dynamic system
- 2. Earth System DynamicsAn introduction to Earth SystemSolid Earth SystemEarth MaterialGeologyCycleSolid EarthPlate tectonics Earth Space Planet ScienceClimatologyHydrology and HydrogeologyGeo-environment for Education7. Focus on biota 7.1 Structure of biosphere 7.2 Effect of life on earth system8. Case studyof applied technology 8.1 Hydrology and Hydrogeology 8.2 Earthquake 8.3 Geology 8.4 Biodiversity
- 3. Earth System Dynamics System and Structure components
- 4. Open System
- 5. Closed System
- 6. Earth Cycle
- 7. Hydrologic Cycle
- 8. Tectonic Cycle
- 9. Earth Circuit
- 11. El Nino and La Nina Phenomena
- 12. Atmospheric and Oceanic CirculationThe system concept:Certain boundary with components those relate or interact together The river is a system, lake is also a system. Together, they form a largersystem the watershed. The small volumes of water and sediment indicated by boxes are examples of smaller systems.
- 13. The interaction between subsystems conduct the Ecological System of Biosphere at the center. The four parts of the Earth system that most directly concern environmental geology: lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere.
- 14. Two Types of Systems are Open System and Closed system.Energy and mass can transfer through the boundary of the considered open system.Energy but not mass can transfer through the boundary of the closed system.
- 16. Closed System only energy can transfer.
- 17. Open System mass and energy can transfer. Energy from sun : Shortwave radiation transfer through the atmosphere and cloud to the earth surface.
- 18. Energy from earth surface and the atmosphere : Longwave radiation transfer through the atmosphere to space.
- 19. Open system energy and mass can transfer through. Energy (sunlight) and water (rainfall) reach an island from external sources. The energy leaves the island as long-wavelength radiation: the water either evaporates or drains into the sea.
- 20. Open system through Hydrologic Model. Depiction of the open system by a box model.
- 21. The Earth is essentially a closed system. Energy reaches the Earth form an external source and eventually returns to space as long wavelength radiation. Smaller systems within the Earth, such as the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, are open systems.
- 22. EARTH CYCLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSYSTEMS
- 23. Two major types of earth cycles are
- 24. Hydrologic cycle
- 25. Tectonic cycle
- 28. Hydrologic cycle : The cycle that shape the earth’s surface by water’s activities.
- 29. Shortwave energy from Sun is needed as well as longwave energy from earth.
- 30. To evaporate water into the atmosphere, then condense and coalesce together to form cloud.
- 31. Raindrops from cloud to impact soil, then infiltrate and runoff to the sea and ocean.
- 34. Tectonic Cycle : The cycle that conduct the mountain orogeny, subduction and diverge of the earth crust.Thermal energy in the asthenosphere and Upper mantle is needed to drive the cycle.Diverge plate on the continent create sea. Diverge plate in the sea create sea floor spreading.Converge plate in the sea conduct land
- 35. Tectonic Cycle
- 38. Earth Circuit
- 40. The Rock Cycle The relationship between Earth’s internal and external processes and how the three major rock groups are related.
- 42. High mountain : Glacial Environment
- 43. Bottom Slope :Fluvial EnvironmentLake Environment
- 44. Bottom Slope :Fluvial EnvironmentLake Environment
- 47. Depositional Environmental SubsystemsCoastal Area :Estuarine Environment (Estuary, delta) :Shore Environment (Beach, spit, bar, lagoon) :Shallow marine Environment (Submarine valley, Shelf) :Deep marine Environment (Submarine canyon)
- 49. Shore Environment(Beach, spit, bar, lagoon)
- 50. Shore Environment(Beach, spit, bar, lagoon)
- 51. Shore Environment(Beach, spit, bar, lagoon)
- 52. Deep marine Environment(Submarine canyon)
- 53. Environmental System need all components interact together to support all activities for running the system sustainably.
- 60. El Nino and La Nina Phenomena
- 61. Water surface velocity Equatorial drift 8-14km/days
- 62. North Atlantic Drift 19 km/days
- 63. Gulf Stream 190km/days
- 64. La NinaEl NinoWalker Circulation of El Nino and La Nina
- 65. El NinoThe term El Nino means 'Christ Child' and was first used by Peruvian fishermen in the late 1800's to describe the warm current appearing off the western coast of Ecuador and Peru around Christmas time. This was bad news for the fishermen, as they depended on cool water welling up from the deep carrying nutrients for the fish. No food – no fish!However, that was not all that happened. But more of that later! Let’s look at why?
- 66. The solar heating is uneven and at different latitudes: more sunlight falls in equatorial regions than strikes the poles Warm air rises and cool air sinks; a convection current forms in a room resulting from uneven heating and cooling
- 67. Atmospheric CirculationThe Trade Windsand Westerly Windsblow across theOcean surface. Friction between these two fluids of different density drags the surface of the ocean along, forming slow-moving ocean currents that flow at approximately 45to the direction of wind flow.
- 73. Ocean waves1. swell - waves of fairly equal height, length, and period which form as storm-generated waves become sorted according to size and period as they move away from the storm's center. Swell, in the photograph of the Oceanside, California coast, can travel thousands of miles before breaking along a distant shore.
- 74. 2. local wind waves - generally smaller and less organized than swell, local wind waves can be superimposed onto swell, making the ocean surface chaotic. Surfers dislike these smaller waves, referring to them as "wind chop", because they mess up the uniform swell waves.
- 75. 3. wave interference - the interactions of two sets of swell can result in waves much smaller than usual (destructive interference) or much larger than usual (constructive interference). (The latter possibility can form dangerous rogue waves on the open ocean or so-called "creeper waves" along a beach.) Wave interference can also occur where an incoming wave reflects off of a jetty. The reflected wave can then interfere with the next incoming wave to form a peaked wave of great height, such as the Wedge at Newport Beach.
- 76. 4. wave refraction - occurs as as a portion of an incoming wave begins to interact with the ocean floor, slowing some of the wave and bending it in one direction or another. This can focus a wave's energy on a submerged reef, forming an excellent surf locale such as Jaws off the coast of Maui, Hawaii. More typically, the wave's energy is focused on a small rocky island (stack) or a headland that juts out into the ocean. This photograph shows the refraction of waves as they enter Bluff Cove along the shore of Palos Verdes Peninsula, California.