Earth-and-Life-Science-Q1-Week-722.pdf
- 1. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE for Earth and Life Science/Grade11 Quarter1/ Week 7 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek7_v2
- 2. 2 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek7_v2 FOREWORD This Self-Learning Kit introduces the concept of geologic time scale being divided into time segments that will explain the major events in Earth's history. Moreover, dating methods will be discuss in this learning kit, to reconstruct clues from the history of rocks, minerals, and other materials on earth in order to understand the subdivisions of geologic time scale. Hence, this learning kit will be very helpful in enriching your knowledge and ideas on the science concepts.
- 3. 3 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 LEARNING COMPTENCIES: ➢ Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time(S11/12ES -Ie-27) ➢ Describe how the Earth's history can be interpreted from the geologic time scale(S11/12ES -Ie-29) OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, you will be able to: K: Describe each division of time in the history of life on Earth; S: Determine the subdivisions of geologic time using the dating methods; and A: Appreciate the use relative and absolute dating to determine the subdivisions of geologic time. 1.
- 4. 4 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 I. WHAT HAPPENED Activity 1: IT’S show TIME! Calculate the length of time of each of the Eras and Precambrian Time and write it in your science notebook. Hint: Focus on the time divisions between the eras and subtract to find out how long each era lasted) PERIOD MILLIONSOF YEARS AGO CENOZOIC ERA QUATERNARY __________________1.6_____ NEOGENE __________________23_____ PALEOGENE __________________66_____ MESOZOIC ERA CREATACIOUS __________________146_____ JURASSIC __________________200_____ TRIASSIC __________________251_____ PALEOZOIC ERA PERMIAN __________________299_____ CARBONIFEROUS __________________359_____ DEVONIAN __________________416_____ SILURIAN __________________444_____ ORDOVICIAN __________________488_____ CAMBRIAN __________________542_____ PRECAMBRIAN TIME 4,600
- 5. 5 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 I. Complete the information below with your correct answer and write it in your science notebook. Find out how long each Era lasted million years ago? Cnezoic = ___ Mesozoic = ___ Paleozoic = ____ Precambrian= ____ II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW Scientists created the geologic time scale based on fossil evidence. It divides Earth’s history into blocks of time with each block separated by important events, such as the disappearance of a species of fossil from the rock record. In the geologic time scale, the youngest ages are on the top and the oldest on the bottom. The time scale is based upon relative times, therefore there aren’t any specific times listed with each era. The timescale is divided into eons, each eon into eras, each era into periods, and each period into epochs. Geologic Time
- 6. 6 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 Living things play critical roles in the development of geologic time scales, because they have undergone evolutionary changes over geologic time. Moreover, particular kinds of organisms are characteristic of particular parts of the geologic record. By correlating the strata in which certain types of fossils are found, the geologic history of various regions—and of Earth as a whole—can be reconstructed. The relative geologic time scale developed from the fossil record has been numerically quantified by means of absolute dates obtained with radiometric dating methods. https://www.britannica.com/science/geologic-time The extensive interval of time occupied by the geologic history of Earth. Formal geologic time began at the start of the Archean Eon (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) and continues to the present day. Modern geologic time scales additionally often include the Hadean Eon, which is an informal interval that extends from about 4.6 billion years ago (corresponding to Earth’s initial formation to 4.0 billion years ago. Geologic time is, in effect, that segment of Earth history that is represented by and recorded in the planet’s rock strata.The geologic time scale is the “calendar” for events in Earth history. It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration— eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. The enumeration of those geologic time units is based on stratigraphy, which is the and classification of rock strata. The fossil forms that occur in the rocks, however, provide the chief means of establishing a geologic time scale, with the timing of the emergence and disappearance of widespread species from the fossil record being used to delineate the beginnings and endings of ages, epochs, periods, and other intervals. One of the most widely used standard charts showing the relationships between the various intervals of geologic time is the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.
- 7. 7 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 Dating Methods: Establishing the Evolution of Earth To reconstruct the history of rocks, minerals, and other materials on earth geologists use two kinds of dating methods. 1. Relative dating Relative dating is a method that determines the order of geologic event is used to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave behind, in a sequence. The method of reading the order is called stratigraphy (layers of rock are called strata). Relative dating does not provide actual numerical dates for the rocks. Timeline of Earth's history Significant moments in Earth's history.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Christine McCabe Grand Canyon rock layering The steep walls of the Grand Canyon contain a number of layers of sedimentary rock laid over millions of years. The lower formations belong to the early Precambrian age, while the upper layers are of the Paleozoic age. The line between the two sets of formations is called the Great Unconformity.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Rock layers and relative dating The image on the left shows cliffs near Whanganui. The diagram on the right shows how the original, horizontal rock layers have changed due to tectonic activity. Relative dating puts the sequences of rocks layers into chronological order. Although the layers are no longer horizontal, geologists able to determine their order.
- 8. 8 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 Fossils and relative dating Fossils are organisms that have existed, disappeared and become extinct whose remains are left in sedimentary rocks. They are important in showing the relative ages of sedimentary rocks. Geologists have studied the order in which fossils appeared and disappeared through time and rocks as biostratigraphy. Fossils are helpful guide to match rocks of the same age, even when they a long way apart. This process is called correlation, an important matching process in constructing geological timescales. Using index fossils Trilobites lived at a different time to ammonites and belemnites. Finding a trilobite fossil in a rock tells you the rock was formed in the Palaeozoic era. A particular useful in correlating rocks is an index fossil. A good index fossil needs to have lived during one specific time period, be easy to identify and have been abundant and found in many places. The ammonites for instance have lived in the Mesozoic era. If you find ammonites in a rock in the South Island and also in the North Island, you can say that both rocks are Mesozoic. Various species of ammonites lived at different times within the Mesozoic, therefore identifying a fossil species can help tell when a rock was formed.
- 9. 9 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 2. Absolute dating Geologists use the absolute method also known as numerical rating in giving the rocks actual date or date range in number of years. This is in contrast to relative dating which only gives the order of time to geological events. Absolute dating is helpful in determining which sediments settled first and in providing their approximate age. This method uses radioactive materials that calculate the age of rocks. There are isotopes in these radioactive materials that breaks or decay at a constant rate. When the rates of decay of the parent and daughter isotopes is measured, then when the rocks were formed can be calculated. Each element has a unique rate of decay that will tell a particular age range. For instance, rocks older than 1 million years is determined based on the decay of isotope Ur-238 to Pb-206.
- 10. 10 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED Activity 2.1 Activity 2.2 : Wazz Up in the Chart? Directions: Identify in which characteristic corresponds to the type of dating method. Place a check mark (√) in the correct column to indicate your answer. Use the discussion above or other reference materials if necessary for your answer. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE AND THE DATING METHOD Evidence Relative Dating Method Absolute Dating Method 1. layers in the rocks 2. radioactive isotopes determine rocks older than 1 myo 3. actual date of parent and daughter formation in rocks 4. ammonites lived in the Mesozoic era
- 11. 11 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 REFERENCES “Absolute dating”. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1486-absolute- datingPublished 20 May 2011. Retrieve from Science Learning Hub July 10, 2020. “Back to the Past with the Geologic Time Scale”. Florida State University. https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Previe w/43470. Retrieved from Science Learning HubJuly 10, 2020. “Dating the Past”. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1478- dating-the - past-introduction. Published 11 May 2011. Retrieve from Science Learning Hub July 10, 2020. “Relative dating”. Curious Minds by New Zealand Government. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1485-relative- dating. Retrieve from Science Learning Hub July 10, 2020.
- 12. 12 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Acting CID Chief ADOLF P. AGUILAR OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D. OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent ROSELA R. ABIERA Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS) ARNOLD R. JUNGCO Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH) MARICEL S. RASID Librarian II (LRMDS) ELMAR L. CABRERA PDO II (LRMDS) WINDA D. OBEDENCIO Writer/ILLUSTRATOR WINDA D. OBEDENCIO RAFAEL REX B. FELISILDA LAY-OUT ARTISTS BETA QA TEAM ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY MERCY G. DAGOY RANJEL D. ESTIMAR MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT ARJIE T. PALUMPA ALPHA QA TEAM LIEZEL A. AGOR EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR. JOAN Y. BUBULI MA.OFELIA BUSCATO DEXTER D. PAIRA LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
- 13. 13 NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek8_v2 This engaging module discusses the significant events of the earth’s history through the Geologic time scale. The timescale is divided into eons, each eon into eras, each era into periods, and each period into epochs. The dating methods namely the relative dating and absolute dating validates the certainty of each subdivisions in the geologic time scale. SYNOPSIS ABOUT THE AUTHOR WINDA D. OBEDENCIO is a senior high school teacher at Sibulan National High School and the Teacher-in-Charge of the same school. She graduated at Silliman University with the Bachelors Degree in Secondary Education major in General Science. She finished her graduate studies at Southwestern University in Cebu City with Master of Arts in Teaching Science.