Earthquake resistant structure
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The document discusses earthquakes, their types, causes, and the importance of seismic design to improve resilience in buildings. It outlines techniques such as shear walls, base isolation, and energy dissipation devices that can enhance earthquake resistance. The emphasis is on adhering to construction standards and fostering a culture of safety to minimize earthquake-related disasters.
Earthquake resistant structure
- 1. Presented by: Vikrant Sabat Karan Shirsat K.J.Somaiya Polytechnic , Vidyavihar Mumbai-77 s
- 2. What is Earthquake? Types of Earthquake How Earthquake Occurs? Causes and Effects of Earthquake Seismic Waves Seismic Performance and Design Improving Earthquake Resistant Of The Minor Building Shear Walls Advantages of Shear Walls Earthquake Resisting Structure Techniques Base Isolation Method Energy Dissipation Device ( Seismic Dampers) Keeping Building Up thrust Conclusion
- 3. They are natural disasters of a generally unpredictable nature It is the shaking of earth due to the movement of earth’s crust A sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rocks beneath the earth surface.
- 4. There are two types of earthquake: Inter plate earthquake Intra-plate earthquake In both types of earthquake, during earthquake at fault strike slip(horizontal movement) & dip slip (vertical movement)
- 5. Because of Earth's rotation and other energy factors different shells or the rock layers constantly move or slid past each other. Different continental mass fragments of lesser densities float and move overriding the denser rock layers. This causes earthquake.
- 6. Earthquakes are causally related to compression or tensional stresses . Volcanic eruptions, rock fall, landslides, and explosions can also cause a quake.
- 7. A fault is nothing but a crack or weak zone inside the Earth. When two blocks of rock or two plates rub against each other along a fault, they don’t just slide smoothly. As the tectonic forces continue to prevail, the plate margins exhibit deformation as seen in terms of bending, compression, tension and friction. The rocks eventually break giving rise to an earthquake, because of building of stresses beyond the limiting elastic strength of the rock.
- 8. SIESMIC WAVES They are of two types: • Body waveso ‘P’ waves:- travels through solids and fluids. o ‘S’ waves:- travels through solids surface waves:Slowest and damaging
- 9. Ground motion Landslides Ground displacement Liquefaction Tsunamis Aftershocks
- 10. Earthquake Do Not Kill People Improperly Designed Structures Do!
- 11. SEISMIC PERFORMANCE Ability of structure to sustain its function viz. safety and serviceability at earthquake. SEISMIC dESIgN It is Authorized engineering : Procedure Principles Criteria To design structures subject to earthquake exposure
- 12. Size of building “Simpler the Plan, Better the Performance” Construction materials “R.C.C. preferable than P.C.C”
- 13. “Strong-column, weak-beam” “Horizontal Band necessary throughout the masonry” “latur earthquake incident”
- 14. “ Avoid soft storey-continue walls in ground storey” Bhuj incident
- 16. Special care is needed in construction to ensure that the elements meant to be ductile are indeed provided with features that give adequate ductility. Thus, strict adherence to prescribed standards of construction materials and construction processes is essential in assuring an earthquake-resistant building.
- 17. 1.Regular testing of construction materials at qualified laboratories (at site or away) 2. Periodic training of workmen at professional training houses, and 3. On-site evaluation of the technical work
- 18. Vertically oriented wide beams It carries seismic loads down to the bottom of foundation Provides large strength and stiffness to buildings Thickness generally varies from 150mm to 400mm in high rise buildings.
- 19. Should be symmetrical in plan along both the axes The opening provided in shear walls should be symmetrical Effective when located along the exterior perimeter of building
- 20. Efficient in terms of: Cost Effectiveness Construction Helps in minimizing the effect on nonstructural elements. E.g. Glass, Windows It is said that:“We cannot afford to build concrete buildings meant to resist severe earthquakes without SHEAR WALL”
- 21. Base Isolation Method Energy Dissipation Device – (Seismic Dampers) Keeping Building Up thrust
- 22. Introduces flexibility to the structures Building is rested on flexible pads (Base Isolators) When earthquake strikes the building does not moves It is suitable for hard soil only
- 23. Lead-Rubber Bearing: Frequently used for base isolation made from layers of rubber sandwiched together with layers of steel Very stiff and strong in the vertical direction Flexible in horizontal direction.
- 24. Spherical Sliding Isolation: It uses bearing pads that have a curved surface and low-friction materials similar to Teflon During an earthquake the building is free to slide both horizontally and vertically It will return to its original position after the ground shaking stops.
- 25. • In India base isolation technique was first demonstrated after 1993 Killari EQ • Two single storey building were built with rubber base isolators resting on hard ground • The four storey bhuj hospital building was built with base isolation technique after 2001 bhuj EQ
- 26. These are used in place of structural elements such as diagonal braces Acts like the hydraulic shock absorbers in cars When seismic energy is transmitted through them, dampers absorb part of it, and thus damp the motion of the building.
- 27. Viscous Dampers (energy is absorbed by silicone-based fluid passing between piston cylinder arrangement) Friction Dampers (energy is absorbed by surfaces with friction between them rubbing against each other), Yielding Dampers (energy is absorbed by metallic components that yield). Viscoelastic Dampers (energy is absorbed by utilizing the controlled shearing of solids)
- 28. Recently discovered technique of Japan It has found to be survived even in extreme earthquakes
- 29. CONCEPT When the quakes strikes the system dissipates energy in the building cores and exteriors The frames are free to rock up and down within fittings fixed at their bases
- 30. IS 1893 (Part I), 2002, Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (5th Revision) IS 4326, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings (2nd Revision) IS 13827, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings IS 13828, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings IS 13920, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
- 31. While Earthquake Are Inevitable, Each earthquake Need Not Convert Into A Disaster… As What Comes In Between Is The Culture of Safety And Prevention Let us Work Together to Build a Culture of Prevention !
Editor's Notes
- #16: Buildings with one of their overall sizes much larger or much smaller than the other two, or very large buildings, do not perform well during earthquakes.