Economics file
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The document summarizes the state of the Indian economy, focusing on agriculture, industry, foreign trade, and key social and economic problems. It notes that after independence, India shifted from a poor agricultural system to one using advanced technologies. The industrial sector also developed after suffering under British rule. Foreign trade composition changed and an inward-looking strategy was adopted. Ongoing issues include poverty, unemployment, inflation, and overexploitation of natural resources.
Economics file
- 1. 2012-2013 ECONOMICS PRESENTATION “India- A great Country” Hamara Desh Mahan….. SUBMITTED TO :- Mrs. Anu Sharma SUBMITTED BY :- MANISHA, MEGHA NAYYAR ,TANISH,MEGHA VERMA , REETIKA GOYAL ,MANDEEP KAUR.
- 2. Project offers some preliminary information about the state of Indian Economy. It focuses on: •State of agriculture •Industrial Sector •Foreign Trade •Social and Economic Problems oPoverty oUnemployment oInflation oExploitation of Natural Resources oInfrastructure
- 3. State of Indian Agriculture Earlier Indian agriculture was marked with low level of technology, lack of irrigation facilities, no use of fertilizers, no use of new technologies. We were just dependent on rainfall for agricultural production. Farmers used to produce just for their self sufficiency. After independence we started developing and there was a great shift in the agriculture. From poor agriculture we move to a advanced technological agriculture. We started adopting new technologies, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation facilities, Etc. That was just how we move from poor agriculture to Advanced Technological Agriculture AND now we are able to produce not just for self-sufficiency but also for Trade
- 4. State Of Industrial Sector Indian industry (as dominated by handicrafts) which at one time enjoyed global reputation, suffered a systematic destruction during the British rule. It was largely owing to discriminatory Tariff policy of the British government. Handicraft in India lost both domestic as well as international market. After independence we progressed a lot and our industrial sector faced development and around half of the Indian population indulged in industrial sector.
- 5. Foreign Trade International trade of India took a hit in two ways :- •It was monopolized by the British govt. ,ending multinational exports from India. •Composition of trade showed a shift from the export of finished goods to the export of raw material and from the import of gold and silver to the import of finished industrial products, largely from Britain. After Independence, the volume of trade recorded a perceptible rise, composition of trade under went a perceptible change and direction of foreign trade become much more diverse then ever before. There was a substantial change in the composition of India's international trade. Inwards looking trade strategy was also launched.
- 6. Social and Economic Problem EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES It means environmental problem related to excessive exploitation of natural resources. In order to achieve economic growth ,man needs natural capital along with physical capital. There are two basic problem related to environment :- Problem of Pollution Problem of Excessive Exploitation or Degradation of Natural Resources.
- 7. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT It means development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. For the development we are using available resources in excess which need to conserve the resources.
- 9. Despite the growth and development of the Indian economy during the last couple of decades, poverty is, parallel, increasing in absolute terms. The bare fact is that nearly 27.5 % of India’s population still lives below the poverty line, and 75 % of this, lives in rural areas. A recent report laments that 77 % of Indians live on a daily income of Rs.20 only.
- 10. UNEMPLOYMENT A man is unemployed only when he is both without a job or not employed and also desires to be employed. In our country problem of unemployment has taken serious turn which is a curse . In our country unemployment is caused by rapid growth of population, decline of cottage and small industries, agriculture, a seasonal industry, defective education, less saving an investment, slow economic growth, temporary and migratory character of labour and all these causes result in increase in poverty, social problems, exploitation of labourers.
- 12. INFRASTUCTURE TRANSPORT: ROADS AND CIVIL AVIATION
- 13. It is a core element of economic and social change which serve as supportive system to production activity in the economy . In the absence of economic infrastructure the economic growth is not possible. Infrastucture was very poor on the time of colonial rule. Now India has developed a lot. India is considered as polio free country in the world. But now also it need a lot of efforts for growth and development. Infrastructure focuses on
- 15. • Inflation generally means rise in prices. • Inflation is an increase in the price of a basket of goods and services that is representative of the economy as a whole. • It is a persistence and substantial rise in general level of prices after full employment level of output.
- 16. CONCLUSION In the nutshell,it is concluded that we have inherited a backward economy from the Britisher. Indian economy was subjected to a massive colonial exploitation during British rule. Then the govt. of India intitiated a slew of Economic Reform, which come to be known as New Economic Policy. But In the path of Growth, some major problem are problem are in the Economy.i.e. Poverty, Unemployment, Inflation, Adulteration. Exploitation which was so deep-rooted that after Independence ,it needed a big push in terms of planned development Programmes by the govt. in India.