ECOSYSTEM.pptx
- 1. ECOSYSTEM • A system formed by the interaction of living organisms and non-living things in an environment is called an ecosystem. • An ecosystem may be large, like a desert, or small, like a decaying log.Deserts,seashores,rivers,mountains,oceans, grasslands and rain forests are also some of the ecosystems.
- 3. Parts of an Ecosystem All ecosystems are made of two parts: • 1. The living or biotic part • 2. The non-living or abiotic part • All the plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms make the living or biotic part of their ecosystem. • Air, water, soil, sunlight and temperature make the non-living or abiotic part of an ecosystem.
- 5. Ecosystem and Community • The number of wolves in the forest is their population. • The wolves and all other animals, plants, microorganisms are included in the community of the forest ecosystem.
- 6. Habitat:derived from Latin World habitāre 'it inhabits’ • The place where an animal or plant lives and reproduces is called its habitat. • A habitat provides the things an organism needs, i.e. food, water, shelter, etc.
- 7. Kinds of Habitats • 1. The Grassland Habitat • 2. The Pond Habitat • 3. The Desert Habitat • 4. The Rainforest Habitat
- 8. The Grassland Habitat • Grassland is a grassy, windy, partly-dry area. • These areas receive a medium amount of rain. • The soil found here is very fertile. • Grasses are the producers in a grassland habitat. • Mostly grazing animals like the sheep, goats, cows, antelopes, buffaloes, and deer are a few examples that are found in a grassland. • A few flesh-eaters like cheetahs, foxes, wolves • and • a few birds like owls, eagles, hawks, etc. • Many kinds of insects are also found in this habitat
- 10. The Pond Habitat • A pond is an aquatic habitat which is rich in life. • Plants like algae, duckweed, water lily, etc. • The animals like fishes, pond skaters, wolf spiders, snails, frogs and • microscopic organisms are also found in the pond habitat
- 13. The Desert Habitat • Deserts are the driest land areas. • They receive very little rainfall. • Rainwater quickly drains away due to the sandy soil. • Some plants and animals have adapted to the limited supply of water. • Cacti, euphorbia, lizards, snakes, kangaroo rats, camels, etc. • are found in a desert habitat
- 15. The Rainforest Habitat • Rainforests are always wet. • They receive rain the whole year. • A large number of plant types (herbs, shrubs and trees) is found here. • Several varieties of butterflies, snakes, lizards, frogs, parrots, cockatoos, humming birds, cats and jaguars • are also found in this habitat
- 18. The Factors Causing Changes in a Habitat • (Natural Factors)(Abiotic) • Sunlight lightning • Temperature • Water • Migration • drought • earthquakes • floods
- 19. The Factors Causing Changes in a Habitat • (Human activities)(Biotic) • Water pollution • Litter • Air pollution
- 20. • Changes in these factors = Changes in the populations
- 21. Adaptations • An adaptation is a change in the organism’s body or behaviour that helps it to survive in its habitat. • Organisms that are not well adapted to their habitats may not survive.
- 22. Adaptations of Aquatic Habitats • Streamlined body shape • Webbed feet • floating leaves • submerged roots • air spaces • waxy covering
- 24. Adaptations of Land Habitats • thick fur • thick coat of feathers • tough, thick surfaces and thin, spiny leaves • large stomach
- 26. Adaptations of behaviour • Animals send and receive messages using sound • Bird song, the roars of lions, howling of wolves, etc. are the adaptations of behaviour. • Animals also comunicate through smell also.
- 27. • USAMA MANZOOR • 03407748904
- 28. Chameleon,s Adaptation • The chameleon can change its colour and has a long sticky- tipped tongue. • These adaptations help it to catch insects.
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- 30. Biotic Components and Their Relation with Food Chains and Food Webs • PRODUCER • The basic source of energy on Earth is sunlight. Plants use • sunlight and make food. Thus, plants are the producers. • CONSUMER • Animals cannot make their own food .They eat plants or other animals that • eat plants. Thus, animals are the consumers.
- 31. FOOD CHAIN feeding relationship among organisms is called a food chain. FOOD WEB A food web is the combination of all the food chains in an ecosystem
- 32. PRIMARY CONSUMERS SECONDARY CONSUMERS TERTIARY CONSUMERS PRODUCER In a grassland habitat a grasshopper eats grass. A snake may eat this grasshopper. This snake may become the food of a hawk.