![Conclusion[EEG]
► EEG is vital for understanding brain
function and neurological disorders.
► It is a non-invasive and versatile
diagnostic tool.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/eegpresentation4-250324124516-c2601fe2/85/EEG_Presentation-4-pptx-biotechnology-all-concepts-and-materials-23-320.jpg)
EEG_Presentation[4}.pptx biotechnology all concepts and materials
- 1. Understanding EEG: Parts and Types SUBMITTED BY- HANSIKA ROLL NO. - 9
- 2. Introduction to EEG ► EEG stands for Electroencephalography. ► It records electrical activity of the brain. ► Measures brain waves using electrodes placed on the scalp. ► Provides real-time monitoring of brain activity, crucial in neuroscience research.
- 3. Neurons communicate with each other via electrical events called 'action potentials' and chemical neurotransmitters.
- 4. Synaptic Transmission Arrival at the axon terminal: triggers the release of neurotransmitters stored in synaptic vesicles. Neurotransmitter release: Calcium ions enter the terminal, causing release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Receptor binding: The neurotransmitters diffuses across the synapse and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, triggering a new electrical signal in the receiving neuron.
- 6. An EEG device records electrical signals from the brain, specifically postsynaptic potentials of neurons, through electrodes
- 7. How EEG Works? ► Electrodes detect electrical signals from neurons. ► Signals are amplified and recorded as waveforms. ► EEG captures different brain wave patterns: alpha, beta, theta, delta. ► Non-invasive and painless procedure. ► External interferences like muscle movement or eye blinking are filtered out for accuracy.
- 8. PARTS OF AN EEG MACHINE
- 9. Parts of an EEG System 1. Electrodes: 1.Sensors placed on the scalp to detect electrical signals. 2.Types include disc, cup, and needle electrodes. 3.Arranged according to standardized placement systems like the 10-20 system.
- 10. .
- 12. Ground Electrode and Refrence Electrode ► A "ground electrode" is used to eliminate electrical noise by providing a common reference point. ► A "reference electrode" is the specific point on the scalp that is used to measure the voltage difference against the active recording electrode.
- 13. . Ground electrode: ► Primarily used to reduce electrical interference from power lines and other external sources. ► Often placed on a neutral area of the body like the forehead. ► Does not directly contribute to the recorded brain activity. Reference electrode: ► Placed on a specific scalp location, typically near the recording electrode. ► Used to calculate the voltage difference between the active recording electrode and this reference point, providing the actual EEG signal. ► The choice of reference electrode can affect the interpretation of the EEG data.
- 14. Recording and analysis through electrodes
- 15. Parts of an EEG System 2.Amplifier: 1. Boosts weak electrical signals from the brain for clearer recording. 2. Modern amplifiers include built-in filters to enhance clarity. 3.Filters: 1. Remove unwanted artifacts or noise. 2. Types: High-pass, low-pass, and notch filters to manage specific signal ranges.
- 16. Parts of an EEG System 4.Display/Recorder: 1. Converts amplified signals into waveforms visible on digital monitors. 2. Displays distinct brain wave patterns in real-time. 5.Electrode Cap: 1. Preconfigured caps with embedded electrodes for faster and uniform placement.
- 17. Parts of an EEG System 6.Ground and Reference Electrodes: 1. Ground electrode stabilizes the system and reduces interference. 2. Reference electrode provides a baseline for signal comparison. 7.EEG Gel or Paste: 1. Conductive medium applied to improve signal transmission between skin and electrodes.
- 18. Parts of an EEG System 8.Signal Processing Unit: 1. Converts raw electrical data into readable formats for analysis.
- 19. Types of EEG ► Routine EEG: A basic test lasting 20–30 minutes. ► Ambulatory EEG: Portable device for long-term monitoring. ► Video EEG: Combines EEG with video recording for detailed observation. ► Sleep EEG: Conducted during sleep to study disorders. ► Invasive EEG: Electrodes placed inside the skull. ► Quantitative EEG (qEEG): Analyzes brain wave patterns digitally.
- 20. Brain Waves and Their Significance ► Alpha Waves: Relaxed and calm state (8–13 Hz). ► Beta Waves: Active thinking, focus (13–30 Hz). ► Theta Waves: Light sleep, relaxation (4–8 Hz). ► Delta Waves: Deep sleep, restorative state (0.5–4 Hz). ► Gamma Waves: Cognitive function, memory (30+ Hz). ► Brain waves shift due to factors like stress, medication, or neurological conditions.
- 22. Applications of EEG ► Medical Diagnosis: Epilepsy, brain tumors, stroke, and sleep disorders. ► Research: Cognitive neuroscience and brain- computer interfaces. ► Monitoring: During surgery or in the ICU for critical care. ► Mental Health: Analysis of anxiety, depression, ADHD, etc. ► -Detects brain death or coma states in critical care settings.
- 23. Conclusion[EEG] ► EEG is vital for understanding brain function and neurological disorders. ► It is a non-invasive and versatile diagnostic tool.