effect of war
- 1. EFFECTS OF WAR BY KUNAL ANAND BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ECONOMICS 2ND YEAR (4TH SEMESTER) An Integrated Assignment Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ECONOMICS Department of Economics St. Xavier’s College of Management & Technology, Patna MAY, 2019
- 2. War seems to benefit everyone (except the ones who die fighting in it) – patriots, politicians, arms industry, profiteers. Can there be an economic justification of a war? Can, and should, economic decisions be made in moral vacuum?
- 3. Introduction The use of violence and force between two or more sate to resolve a matter of dispute is known as war. A war generally involves the use of weapons, a military organization and soldiers. There is no any benefits from war. Kargil war (1999) The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict,(I) signifies an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir. According to Pakistan 1600 Indian army died in the war where India claimed 527. Pakistan says that it lost 357–453 army. India says that more than 700 died in the battle. Army of both country are died there is no gain from war in both country. Region of war : There is rarely one single, clear cause of conflict and, ultimately, war. The causes of a war are usually numerous, and several reasons for a conflict can be intertwined in a complicated way. 1. Economic Gain 2. Religion 3. Nationalism 4. Revenge 5. Defensive War Economic gain - Often wars are caused by one country's wish to take control of another country's wealth. Whatever the other reasons for a war may be, there is almost always an economic motive underlying most conflicts, even if the stated aim of the war is presented to the public. In modern times, the resources that are hoped
- 4. to be gained from war take the form of things like oil, minerals, or materials used in manufacturing. In pre-industrial times, the gains desired by a warring country might be precious materials such as gold and silver, or livestock such as cattle and horses. Religion - Religious wars can often be tied to other reasons for conflict, such as nationalism or revenge for a perceived historical slight in the past. While different religions fighting against each other can be a cause of war, different sects within a religion (for example, Protestant and Catholic, or Sunni and Shiite) Nationalism - Nationalism in this context essentially means attempting to prove that your country is superior to another by violent subjugation for Example: World War I Revenge - Seeking to punish, redress a grievance, or simply strike back for a perceived slight can often be a factor in the waging of war. Revenge also relates to nationalism, as the people of a country which has been wronged are motivated to fight back by pride and spirit. For example: World War II, war on terror. Defensive War - the modern world, where military aggression is more widely questioned, countries will often argue that they are fighting in a purely defensive capacity against an aggressor, or potential aggressor, and that their war is therefore a “just” war for example: cold war Negative impact of War: Government will focus more on war less on people. All the Taxpayer’s money will be used for Arms and ammunition. Chaos at all the grocery stores and shopping malls. Rupee will fall to lowest in years.
- 5. Government will focus more on war less on people - When a conflict leads to higher governmental expenditures, the population financing the war is either paying directly (and immediately) or indirectly (and maybe delayed). Hence, war finance is can be divided into two categories: Direct or indirect financing. The former comprises taxes through which the population bears directly the burden, the latter includes borrowing or increasing the money supply. All the Taxpayer’s money will be used for Arms and ammunition - Except from the productivity point of view, the different finance methods have various effects. For the taxation method of financing, we can focus on the political point of view. As people know that increasing the taxation would make them poorer, and enables them to consume and invest less, they probably won't be willing to pay such taxes Chaos at all the grocery stores and shopping malls - At the time of war producer can’t produce that much amount of goods & services because lack of money and heavy taxes. Rupee will fall to lowest in years – At the time of war the value of currency fall. The external value of the domestic currency depreciates while the internal value remains the same, such situation is known as the devaluation of the domestic currency. Profiteer Company from War War is good for few and bad for most. Every occurrence that happens in this world, there is always a gain or a loss. War is an inclusive event that involves some organizations profiting from it on a very high level. Organizations that profit from war are called war profiteer, they profit from warfare, and also from the sales of weapons and other related goods to parties during a war.
- 6. I. Raytheon ($1.9 billion)weapon company II. BAE Systems($2.6 billion) weapon company III. Hugo boss ( $262,183,000) uniform company IV. Roche ($46.8 billion) pharma company Benefits Of War : A. Politicians : Politicians use the concept of war to increase their vote banks. Politician uses the sentiments of people. Politicians promises in their manifesto that if their government comes they spend more money for defence and if the war is happening then the country will reply bravely and diplomatically B. Arms industries: Arms industries is a global industry which manufactures and sells weapons and military technology. It consists of a commercial industry involved in the research and development, engineering, production, and servicing of military material, equipment, and facilities. If the war is happening, then the both countries needs the arms and the demand of the arms and ammunition is high and then there is increase in production of arms industries and if the increase in arms industries then the arms and ammunition also increased. Effect of war: 1. On the economy: Many circumstances, war can lead to inflation – which leads to loss of people’s savings, rise in uncertainty and loss of confidence in the financial system. For example, in the US civil war, the Confederacy struggled financially to meet the cost of the war. Therefore, they started printing money to pay soldiers salaries. But, as they printed money, the value of money soon declined. High inflation hits middle-income savers the most as they see the value of their savings wiped out.
- 7. 2. On the society : Most wars have resulted in a significant loss of life. Conflict characterizes a major obstacle for the Development. Obstacle for development are like displacement of people or forced migration results most often during a time of war and adversely affect both the community and an individual. When a war breaks out, many people leaving their homes in fear of losing their lives and their families, and as a result, they become misplaced either internally or externally. when a country is in an economic crisis there is an increase in poverty which results in the decline of education. In the case of Iraq, boys were pulled out of school to work for their families, and therefore the education gap for men and women shrank. The effect of war is for long time interval and there is mass killing. 3. On the environment: Military activity has significant impacts on the environment. Not only can war be destructive to the social environment, but military activities produce extensive amounts of greenhouse gases which cause global warming and climate change. Military campaigns require large quantities of explosive weapons, a fraction of which will not detonate properly and leave unexploded weapons. This creates a serious physical and chemical hazard for the civilian populations living in areas which were once war zones, due to the possibility of detonation after the conflict, as well as the leaching of chemicals into the soil and groundwater war is not justified because of its aftermath, war causes death, destruction, loss and suffering one of the result of war is the loss of innocent people, destroying their homeland and making people live in constant fear of being attacked. Fighting in name of bringing peace cannot be justified
- 8. because it contradicts the meaning of peace itself. The most common argument is that war is acceptable when it is in self-defense. If war can save more people than killing them, then war can be justified. Looking back at the two major war that is First World War and Second World War that is long for four years more than 40 countries participated in the war and both war resulted over 37 million causalities with properties is damaged. Scholars justify war using the principle of utilitarianism; they believe that war will improve the lives of many people, however, in reality; many innocent citizens are the ones who die. Most people go to war to win not to lose. Therefore, they will use all the lethal weapons like bombs that will affect innocent people like in the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The outcome of any war is destruction that includes people, habitat, infrastructure, livelihoods, and relationships. We should all know that human lives are too precious to be measured by personal agendas. If we cannot prevent wars, we do not have the morals to justify war itself. I do believe that war is not justified at all and it is not necessary. Nobody has the right to kill people in the name of restoring peace or protecting its citizens from potential threat.
- 9. Conclusion War has detrimental effects on society. Although war may financially benefit a country and stimulate the economy, it has detrimental effects on politics, economics and society. War also include mass destruction of cities and have long lasting effects on a country's economy. Armed conflict have important indirect negative consequences on, infrastructure, public health provision, and social order. Therefore, war is not justified at all and nobody has the right to kill the people in the name of restoring peace or protecting it citizen from potential threat. War decision is last option. War has also psychological effect Death, injury, sexual violence, malnutrition, illness, and disability are some of the most threatening physical consequences of war, depression and anxiety are some of the emotional effects. War is good for few and bad for many.
- 10. References I. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37084533/Airpo wer_at_18_000__The_Indian_Air_Force_in_the_Kargil_War_- _Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace.pdf?AWSAccessKe yId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1555251146&Signat ure=KmQ6lAx9w7h%2FsrrC5LQ0X8wEt1M%3D&response- content- disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DAirpower_at_18_000_The_ Indian_Air_Force.pdf II. http://www.milsf.com/types-of-war/ III. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/cheaper-bacon-and-pricier- electronics-how-trade-war-with-china-impacts-you-2018-04-04 IV. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_war#History_of_war V. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companies_by_arms_sales