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The document provides guidelines on business etiquette and manners. It emphasizes the importance of arriving on time, dressing appropriately, speaking kindly to coworkers, avoiding gossip, showing interest when interacting with others, maintaining proper body language like a firm handshake, introducing yourself and others, and not interrupting when someone is speaking. The overall message is that demonstrating respect, consideration, and good communication skills through business etiquette can help build strong professional relationships.

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Que. 1 Explain definitionandImportance of Interpersonal Skill? Definition Interpersonal skillsare capabilitiestoeffectivelycommunicate,socialize,connect, andcooperate with people inlife,whetheritbe anindividualora group.One thing'sfor sure:takingthe time andeffortto become proficientinthisskill set cantremendouslybenefityourrelationshipsinlife andmayimprove your professional success. Importance of interpersonal Skill Without interpersonal skills everyday business would be very difficult, since almost all aspectsof work involve communication.Manyjobsalsoinvolve collaborationandinteractionwith differenttypesof people, andinterpersonalskillsare vital tomake thishappen. Interpersonal skillsfall intothe category of ‘softskills’, meaningthese are inherentskillspossessed,not the kinda personcan generallylearnfromreadingtextbooks.Interpersonal skills are defined asthe skills“usedbya persontoproperlyinteractwithothers,”andstill be able toget the jobdone. These skills,whichincludeimportantworkplace traitssuchascommunicationskills,accurately interpretingotherpeople’semotions,sensitivity,abilitytomanage conflict,positiveattitudeand good manners,all fall underthe realm of interpersonal skills. 1. CommunicationSkill:Communicationisvital inthe workplace,nolongerare employees workingsolitary,there isahighlevel of personalinteractionoccurringinorganizational settings nowadaysandthisis a critical interpersonalskill. 2. Interpreting other’s emotions: Having an inherent ability to understand others is another interpersonal skill. Not that a person should be a mind-reader, however when another individual expresses themselves, understanding how they are feeling is important. 3. Sensitivity: Sensitivity perhaps goes hand-in-hand with empathy. While listening to others, especiallyinacustomerservice ormanagerial role,itisof the essence tobe able toeffectively sympathize where appropriate. 4. Conflictmanagement:Conflictisinevitable;however,there are appropriatewaystodeal with conflict and inappropriate methods. Those who have strong interpersonal skills often can successfully diffuse a situation before it explodes, or in some cases, implodes. 5. Positive attitude:One’sattitude helpsshapesorganizationalculture.If aworkplace isplagued by negativity, this can have an overall impact on how the people within the organization act with each other and external relationships tied to the company. 6. Good manners: While good manners are often assumed, not everyone has them. Those who are strong withtheir‘softskills’typicallyare polite. Inthe modernworkplace,these traitsare valuable because the dynamics have changed.
Que. 2 Explain Behavioral traits required for evaluating Interpersonal skill? Though these interpersonal skills are to some extent inherent in oneself, they can be nurtured and developed with effort. 1. Resolving Conflict: There are chances of interpersonal conflict if a number of people work together on aproject. One can make a mark in such cases by beingan effectivemediator,whotakesa neutral position.The main concern, in such instances, should be to look at the overall interest of the organization without creating any bitterness in the people or team that hold opposing views. 2. A Smiling Face: A smiling face is alwayspreferable to a gloomy coffee-pot face. When dealing with team mates, one can get great results just with the help of a cool demeanor and a smiling face. It costs nothingbut pays much to keepa cheerful attitude.Itcan create an infectiousaurawithin the team leading to a positive, energizing and productive ambience. 3. Appreciative Attitude: If one wants to get the best out of team mates and co-workers, one should appreciate the workthe teammembershave beendoing.A small partin the back or a simple remarksuchas,‘well done,‘way to go’,‘carry onthe goodwork’,etc.,can go a longwaytoincrease theirenthusiasm andpromptthem to work more efficiently. 4. Assertive Nature: Even when appreciating others,one should be assertive. One shouldbe very specific—clearly stating the expectation and the reasons behind it, or else it may come across as hollow and superficial. The views should be asserted firmly without being rude. 5. Communication Skills: Thisisone of the mostimportantskills.Communicatingwithoutambiguityisthe cornerstone of strong performers and leaders. It is possible to avoid many conflicts and be an effective leader by communicating crisply. 6. ListeningSkills: While communicating with anyone, proper attention should be paid to what others have to say. Listeningisavital skill.Itplaysanimportantrole inimprovingrelationshipsandteamingina corporate setting. 7. DevelopingEmpathy: The word ’empathy’ simply means to understand and appreciate another person’s position. In other
words, it implies putting oneself in somebody else’s shoes and trying to understand how one would have felt if he were in the same position as the recipient of the situation. Que. 3 Explain Intercultural managerial communication. 1.3.1 DimensionsofCultural Differences PsychologistDr.GeertHofstede publishedhisculturaldimensionsmodel atthe endof the 1970s, based on a decade of research.Since then,it'sbecome aninternationallyrecognizedstandardfor understandingcultural differences. Hofstede studiedpeople whoworkedforIBMinmore than 50 countries.Initially,he identifiedfour dimensionsthatcoulddistinguishone culture fromanother.Later,he addedfifthandsixthdimensions, incooperationwithDrsMichael H. Bond and Michael Minkov. These are: 1. PowerDistance Index (highversuslow). 2. Individualism versus Collectivism. 3. Masculinity versusFemininity. 4. UncertaintyAvoidance Index(highversuslow). 5. PragmaticVersusNormative. 6. Indulgence versusRestraint. 1. PowerDistance Index (PDI) A highPDIscore indicatesthata societyacceptsanunequal,hierarchical distributionof power,andthat people understand"theirplace"inthe system.A low PDIscore meansthatpowerissharedand iswidely dispersed,andthatsocietymembersdonotaccept situationswherepowerisdistributedunequally. 2. Individualism versus Collectivism(IDV) A highIDV score indicatesweakinterpersonal connectionamongthose whoare notpart of a core "family."Here,people take lessresponsibilityforothers'actions andoutcomes. In a collectivistsociety,however,people are supposedtobe loyal tothe groupto whichtheybelong, and,in exchange,the groupwill defendtheirinterests.The groupitself isnormallylarger,andpeople take responsibilityforone another'swellbeing. 3. Masculinity versusFemininity(MAS) Demonstratingyoursuccess,andbeingstrongandfast,are seenaspositive characteristics. Infeminine societies,however,there isagreatdeal of overlapbetweenmale andfemaleroles,andmodestyis perceivedasavirtue.Greaterimportance isplacedongoodrelationshipswithyourdirectsupervisors, or workingwithpeople whocooperatewellwithone another. The gap betweenmen'sandwomen'svaluesislargestinJapanandAustria,withMASscores of 95 and 79 respectively.
4. UncertaintyAvoidance Index(UAI) In societiesthatscore highlyforUncertaintyAvoidance,people attempttomake life aspredictable and controllable aspossible.If theyfindthattheycan'tcontrol theirownlives,they maybe temptedtostop trying.These people mayreferto"mañana,"orput theirfate "inthe handsof God." 5. PragmaticversusNormative (PRA) ThisdimensionisalsoknownasLong-TermOrientation.Itreferstothe degree towhichpeople needto explainthe inexplicable,andisstronglyrelatedtoreligiosityandnationalism. However,ingeneral terms,countriesthatscore highlyforPRA tendtobe pragmatic,modest,long-term oriented,andthriftier.Self-enhancementisalsoimportanthere,alongwithaperson'sdesire toplease theirparents. 6. Indulgence versusRestraint(IVR) Hofstede'ssixthdimension,discoveredanddescribedtogetherwithMichael Minkov,isalsorelatively new,andis therefore accompaniedbylessdata. CountrieswithahighIVRscore alloworencourage relativelyfreegratificationof people'sowndrives and emotions,suchasenjoyinglife andhavingfun.Inasocietywitha low IVRscore,there ismore emphasisonsuppressinggratificationandmore regulationof people'sconductandbehavior,andthere are strictersocial norms. 1.3.2 Beinga GoodIntercultural Communicator 8 Habitsof Successful InterculturalCommunicators Nothavingthe same cultural scriptsmakesit necessaryforusto consciouslyreflectuponthe behavior that we are usinginorderto reduce the chance of creatingmisunderstandingstoa minimum. In otherwords — we are forcedtosuddenlyactivelythinkaboutourbehaviorasopposedto Simply beingable toactbasedon our gut feeling. Habitslike these directlytranslate intoeffectivebehaviorsince theyare automaticresponsestocertain internal feelings,ratherthana particularexternal situation. Habit #1: After everyintercultural communication situation,carefullyreflectabout its outcomes Perhapsyoucan’t affordto dothiswhenyouwere dealingwithpeople fromyourowncountry,butin intercultural communicationsituationsyousimplyhave toif youwantto gain anysignificantlearnings fromthem. Habit #2: Always try to understand the other side’smotivationsbehindeverybehavior Keepinmindthatone of the primaryreasonswhyintercultural communicationsituationsfail isbecause the two sideshave completelydifferentbelief-andvalue systems. One of the mostdifficultaspectsof intercultural communicationistherefore tounderstandthe beliefs whichare underlyingthe otherside’sbehavior.
Habit #3: Questionyour beliefsandassumptionson a regularbasis Beinggroundedinone’score beliefsisone veryimportantaspectof havingasolidsense of self. Almostall assumptionswe are makingaboutthe worldare subjectiveandaresultof the cultural conditioningthatwe have receivedbylivinginaparticularenvironment. In otherwords,while beingconfrontedwithpeople fromothercultural backgrounds,bydefinitionwe will constantlyface situationswhereourownbeliefsdiffersignificantlyfromthose of the otherside. Habit #4: Seek out uncomfortable situations Withinthe realmof intercultural communication,discomfortusuallymeansone of twothings:youare facinga situationwhere yourownbeliefsare beingputintoquestion Anotherperson’sbehaviorsare displayingacompletelydifferentsetof valuesthananythingyouhave everexperienced Eitherway,theyare bothlearningopportunities.Seekthemoutactivelyandlearntoappreciate discomfortassomethingthatcan helpyoutogrow. Habit #5: Practice mindfulness Mindfulnessisanincrediblyimportantskillforintercultural communicators.Itallowsustopayclose attentiontoa large numberof factors, eventhe smallestof whichcanhave enormousimpactsonthe outcomesof our communicationprocess. Habit #6: SuspendJudgment In these situations,itiseasytojudge certainbehaviorsorwaysof thinkingof the otherculture by placingnegative labelsuponthem.Whetheritis‘foolish’,‘wrong’or‘stupid’,eitherof these negative labelswill preventyoufromgainingareal understandingof the otherculture. Habit #7: Always double-checkany assumptionyou are making about another culture It isnatural thatwe dohave thistendencyasit helpsusverymuchin dealingwithpeople fromourown cultural background.Ourexperiencesinthiscultural environmentmakesourintuitionquite strongin predictingotherpeople’swayof thinking. Evenif you have spenta significantamountof time reflectingonthe behaviorof people fromanother culture,youshouldstill remaincautiousaboutcomingtoanyfinal conclusionsonyourown. Habit #8: Constantly ask for feedback One verycommonoutcome of intercultural communicationsituationsisthatwhile we personallyhave perceiveditassuccessful,we donotnotice thatthe otherside perceivesthingscompletelydifferently. In otherwords,we are misinterpretingthe otherside’sperceptionof ourselves,ourbehaviorandthe outcome of the communicationprocess. Consequently,one veryimportanthabittodevelopistoregularlyaskotherpeople fromthe other culture withwhomwe are interactingabouthow our behaviorcame acrossto them.
1.3.3 DevelopingInter-culturallySensitive Managers The importance of developingaculture-sensitive management Havingcultural sensitivityisimportantwhenyoutravel,of course.Youwantto demonstrate respectand appreciationforthe culture of the people inthe place you’re visiting.Thishelpsgrow your understandingof yournewsurroundings,andmakesyourtime spentthere more meaningful. Large corporationsnowinclude cultural sensitivitytrainingintheiremployee on-boardingprocess.Many publishershire teamstoreviewcontentforvariouscultural interpretationspriortorelease.Evenmajor retail brandssuchas Nike have beguntoproduce/promote productsthatare inclusiveof anincreasingly diverse customerbase’sneed.Checkouttheirawesome new ProHijabasan example. The most importantthingwhenitcomestoacting ina culturallysensitive wayisthatyourememberto groundeach interactionyouhave withothersinthe understandingthattheir background,experiences, and valuesnaturallyvaryfrom yourown.Thiswill helpyoutoleadwithunderstandingandempathy, rather thanjudgment,whichisanincrediblyimportantshift.
Que. 4 Explain Businessetiquettesandmanners The basisof businessetiquette isaboutbuildingstrongrelationshipsinyourfieldbyfosteringbetter communication.Thiscanonlyhappenwhenthose youworkwithfeel secure andcomfortable.Although basicbusinessetiquettemayvaryfromcountry to country,some principlesstandthe testof time and geography. Arrive on Time In the businessworld,itisbesttoobserve the oldrule,“Five minutesearlyislate.”Allowyourself enoughtime toarrive promptly,take off yourcoat,and settle ina bit.Arrivingata meetingexactlyat the appointedtime canmake youfeel rushed,andyouwill lookit.Time isacommodity;bybeing punctual,youshowyourespectothers. Dress Appropriately While appropriate dresscertainlyvariesfromfieldtofieldandclimate toclimate,some thingsremain the same.Clean,pressedclothingwithout anyloose threadsortagsand relativelypolished,closed-toe shoesare a must.Lookat the people aroundyouforideasonwhatsort of clothingisstandard.The adage,“Dressfor the job youwant,not the jobyou have,”isa good rule tofollow.Whenindoubt,ask humanresourcespersonnelwhenyougetthe jobor discreetlyasksomeone youworkwith. Speak Kindly Takingcare to greetyourco-workersandrememberingtosay“please”and“thankyou”make a tremendousdifference inthe waytheyperceive you.Yourgoodmannersshow thatyouacknowledge those aroundyouand are considerate of theirpresence.Avoiddiscussingpolitical orreligiousmatters. Keepthe conversationfocusedonnoncontroversialtopics,soyourco- workersfindyoueasyto talkto. That sort of diplomacyisthe basicideaof businessetiquette. Avoid Gossipor Eavesdropping Gossipand eavesdroppingare childishbehaviorsthathave noplace inthe workplace.If youheara rumor aboutsomeone inthe workplace,donotpassit on.People don’talwaysknow orrememberwho starts a rumor,but theyalwaysrememberwhospreadsit.If youwalkintoanarea, and itseemsyourco- workersdon'tknowyouare there,make sure to greetthempolitelytoremove anychance thatyou accidentallyeavesdropontheirconversation. Show Interest Showinginterestgoesbeyondbusinessetiquette intogeneral politeness,butitbearsrepeating:When speakingwithsomeone,show youare trulyengaged.Donotplayonyour phone or computer,andif you have to answera communicationsay,“Excuse me one moment;I'msosorry.” Maintainfriendlyeye contact. Listen.Peoplewillrememberhow youmake themfeel,andnobodywantstofeel asif theyare ignored. Watch Your Body Language In the Westernworld,ahandshake isstill the typical greeting.Sayhellowithafirmbutquickhandshake. Thishandshake isthe extentof howmuchyou shouldevertouchaco-worker– whenitdoubts,just
don’ttouch.Hugs or othertypesof affectionthatyoushare withfriendsandfamilyare outof place in the workplace. Introduce YourselfandOthers Sometimesyoucantell peopledonotrememberyourname orposition.Introduce orreintroduce yourself quicklyif thatseemstobe the case.If youare witha co-workerwhoisnew,take the time to introduce himtoothers.It helpstohave a friendlypersonmake youfeel comfortable inthe office. Don’t Interrupt Whenyouhave a greatideaor suddenlyremembersomethingimportant,itcanbe temptingtoblurtit out.Do not do this.Interruptingthe personwhoisspeakingsendsthe messagethatwhatshe issaying isn'tas importantas whatyou have to say.Demonstratingyouare an attentive listeneristhe backbone of diplomacy. MindYour Mouth Usingvulgar language isa surefire waytobecome unpopularinyourworkplace.Vulgarlanguage includesswearwordsandjudgmentallanguage.Businessetiquette requiresbeingconstantlymindful that youare ina diverse environmentwithpeople youdonotknow on a personal level.Speakasthough someone fromhumanresourcesisalwayslistening. Consume Correctly If you attendan after-hoursworkevent,donotdrinktoomuchalcohol.Whenat work,take care not to bringparticularlymalodorousfoodsthateveryone inthe office can'thelpbutsmell.Don'tmake noises duringor afteryou eat;no one wantsto hear that. At the heartof these 10 basicsof businessetiquette isdiplomacy.Takingcare totreat everyone asthe valuable people theyare saysalot aboutwhoyou are as a person.Thatis the kindof care people notice and wantto be around.Embrace the basicsof businessetiquette tobecome alastingemployeeorto advance throughthe corporate ranks.
Que. 5 Explain Resume Writing Resume Writing Step– 1 Step– 2 Step– 3 Choose From3 Formats How to Orderyour Information How to Style yourResume of Pages Reverse-Chronological Contact Information FontSizes Functional Resume Introduction Lines Combination ProfessionalExperience Margins Education Additional Sections Your goal is to gethiringmanagersto buyintowhatyou’re selling –whichmeansgivingyouan interview.Toaccomplishthat,youneedtosee itas your marketingtool,yourtrustybeltbuckle of tricks. Withoutityou are powerless. There are some whoinsistotherwise,butevencertifiedprofessional resume writerswilladmitthat,“a guidingprincipleof the résumé writingprofessionisthatthere are no hard andfast rules.”Withthat beingsaid,beloware some tipsandguidelinestohelpyouwrite one thatbestpresentsyourcareer goals. Step 1: 1. Choose From 3 Formats So,you are staringat a blankpage on your computerwondering,“Where doIstart?” Hundredsaskthis same questioneverydayandthe reasonismostlikelydue tothe fact that there is nostandard rule for formattinga resume. Your formattingdecisioncomesdownto3choices:Reverse-Chronological,Functional,and Combination.Eachformathastheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.Below,youwillfindwhichone isbestfor you. 2. Reverse-Chronological Thisis the more traditional formatandiswhat youare mostlikelytocome across.Chronological format isflexible andcanbe usedfor applicantswithanylevel of experience. 3. Functional While chronological placesemphasisoncareer progression,afunctional formatfocusesonyourabilities and skills.Since itheavilyemphasizesthe applicant’squalifications,functional formatismore suitable for those withanexpertlevel of experience.
4. Combination As youcan probablyguessthe combinationformatmergesbitsandpiecesfrombothchronological and functional formats.Like the functional format,itfocusesonspecificqualifications,yetthe bodyof the documentcontainsprofessionalexperiencesimilartochronological format.This formatisgenerally reservedforthose withagreat deal of experience inaparticularindustry. Step 2: 1. The Order of Information Before delvingintowhatinformation,youshouldadd,it’simportanttorememberthatthe information youinclude will largelydependonthe formatyouchoose.Withthatbeingsaid,below isageneral guide to whatinformationyoushouldaddandthe orderin whichyoushouldaddit. 2. Contact Information The contact informationsectionisprettyself-explanatory.Thissectiondoesnotrequire alabel (Contact InformationorContactDetails).Whenlistingyourcontactdetails,youshouldfollow thisorder: A. Name (largestfontonpage,middle initialisoptional) MailingAddress B. Telephone Number(Checkthatyouhave an appropriate voicemail message) C. Email Address(make sure it’sappropriate,don’tuse yoursexypanda45@gmail.comaccount.) Linkto online portfolio(optional,ensure itisrelevanttothe position) D. LinkedInProfile 3. Resume Introduction Like formats,jobseekershave 3choicesfortheirresume introduction:aqualificationssummary,career objective,andprofessional profile. a. QualificationsSummary Withregards to format,the qualificationssummaryisabulletpointlist(rangingfrom4to 6 points) of your mostoutstandingcareerachievements.Avoidusinggenericstatementsandtryto listyourskillsin a way reflectsyourunique voice. b. Career Objective A resume objective,alsoreferredtoasa careerobjective,isa2-3 sentence statementthatprovidesan overviewof yourskillsandexperience.Thisresumeintroductionisbestforentry- level candidates. c. Professional Profile The professional profileisacombinationof boththe careerobjective andqualificationssummary.Itis alsothe most flexibleof the three stylesasitcan be formattedasshort paragraph of bullet-pointlist.
4. Professional Experience The sectionisthe core of yourresume,where youare taskedwithprovingthe skillsyouhave listedin the qualification’ssummaryorcareer objective.Whenitcomestolabelingthissection,some use “RelevantExperience,”or“Work Experience”asan alternative to“Professional Experience.” 5. Education Havinga solideducationsectionhelpstodisplaythe foundationof yourknowledgeandexpertise. Dependingonyourprofessional experience,youmaywantto considerswitchingthe orderof the professionalexperienceandeducationsections. 6. Additional Sections By nowyou’ve alreadyaddedthe nutsandboltsto yourresume.Below are afew sectionsyoumaywant to consideraddingtohelpstrengthenit. a. Publications Addinga publicationssectionsispertinentforgraduate studentswhohave publishedarticlesthatare relevanttothe jobtheyare applyingto.Listyourarticlesinreverse chronological orderbypublishing date.You may label these as“WorksinProgress”or “SubmittedforPublication.”Here isanexample of howa publicationssectionsshouldbe formatted. b. Awards/Honors/Activities Thissectionaddsanotherlayerof customizationtoyourresume byprovidingevidence of yourabilities. Addingrelevantawardsandactivitieshelpsyoustandoutfromyour competition.If thissection becomestoolengthy,feel free tobreakthemupintosmallersections.Here are some itemstoconsider adding:Grants,AcademicHonors,Scholarships,Volunteerpositions,Professional Affiliations c. Technical Skills Some careers,suchas those inthe IT or Engineeringfields,require specializedknowledge andhands-on skills.Withinthe ITindustry,asoftware manager’sresponsibilitieswill differfrom companytocompany. A technical skillssectionishelpful inshowcasingyourknowledge of specificsystems. d. Additional Skills Includinganadditional skillssectionmaybe worthconsidering.Anadditional skillssection isashortand concise listof skillsrelevanttoyourindustry.Thissectionissimilaratechnical skill,butisoftenusedfor industriesthatdonotspecificallyrequireadvancedskills. Step 3: 1. How to Style your Resume of Pages Thisis the mostarguedpointof resume writing.Some professionalsvigorouslydiscourageapplicants fromgoingoverone page,while othersargue thatinsome instancesitisacceptable.The bottomline is this:if you have informationthatishighlyrelevanttothe positionyouare applyingforthengoahead and add an extrapage.
2. Font and SizingDos and Don’ts Fontstyle andsize islargelydependentonyourpreference.Youcanneverbe sure what the hiring managerpreferssoyouhave to go withyour gut.However,there are some Dosand Don’tswhenit comesto choosingyourfontand sizes. Thisis byno meansa rule,butrather a guidelinetoconsiderfollowing.Justremembertokeepthe readabilityinmindwhenchoosingsizes.If the hiringmanagerneedstoputon theirglassesjusttomake out yourexperience,thenyourapplicationwill be onone-waytriptothe trashcan. 3. Lines Linesare great to use to helpbreakupthe resume andallow potential employerstobetterprocessthe information.Line breakscommonlybeginafterthe careerobjective orqualificationssummary.From there,theyare usedto breakeachsubsequentsection.How youdivide itisupto you,butjustdon’tgo page breakcrazy foreverybitof information.Toomanypage breakswill ruinitsreadability. 4. Margins Margins are the firstthinga potential employerwillnotice aboutyourresume,soit’simportantthat theyare appropriatelyset.One-inchmarginsare the safe betforapplicantsthatlackexperience.If you have a wealthof experience thatyouare tryingto fitto one page thenit isacceptable toreduce to the margins.
Que. 6 Explain typesof Interview. Everyemployerhasa preferredstyleof obtainingthe informationtheyneedfortheirhiringdecision. These are some basictypesof interviewstylesyoumayencounter.Some employersmaychoose to utilize acombinationof differentstyles,butaslongas you've preparedwell foryourinterview,you'llbe able to adaptto the situationtheypresent. 1. Structured Interview A structuredinterviewistypicallyformal andorganizedandmayinclude several interviewers,commonly referredtoas a panel interview.Aninterviewerwhohasa more structuredstyle will usuallybeginwith whatis knownas an “icebreaker”question.The icebreakerisusedtorelax youbefore the more serious questionsare asked.A discussionaboutthe weathermightbe usedorperhapsa questionaboutthe trafficon yourway to the office. Next,the interviewermaytalkfora fewminutesabout the company andthe position. Duringthistime, the interviewermaydescribe the day-to-dayworkresponsibilitiesandthe general companyphilosophy. He or she may thenaskyou a seriesof questionsregardingyourpasteducational,co-curricular,and workexperiences. 2. UnstructuredInterview The unstructuredinterviewiswhatthe name implies.The onlystructure tothe interview isthe one that youprovide.Basically,the interviewerisinterestedinhearingfromyou,soyoumaybe askeda variety of differentopen-endedquestions. You will findanunstructuredinterviewtobe more conversational andlessformal intone thana structuredinterview.Youmaybe askedquestionsaboutyourhobbies,whatyoudoon the weekends,or othercasual questionsdesignedtoputyouat ease.Many studentspreferthislaid-backstyle of interviewing,butyoumustbe cautious. Sometimesemployersintentionallyadoptthiscasual demeanorsothatyoufeel comfortable enoughto letdownyourguard and potentiallyrevealsomethingthatyou normallywouldnot.If youfindyourself inan unstructuredinterview,be friendlybutmaintainyourprofessionalism. 3. Stress Interview Thisstyle isusedprimarilybyinterviewerswhoare hiringforpositionswhere thereisahighlevel of dailystressin the workenvironment(i.e.,sales,stockbroker,etc.). The same questionsthatare askedduringastructuredor unstructuredinterview maybe askedfora stressinterview.However,theremaybe a difference inthe behaviorordemeanorof the interviewer. The interviewerduringastressinterview mayappeardistracted,contrary,orindifferenttoyou. The ideabehindthistype of interview istoassessyourreactiontothe pressure of indifference,rejection, and overall stress.Tobe successful inthe stressinterview,itisrecommendedthatyoufocusonthe questionthatisaskedandnot the mannerin whichitisasked.
Verballyconvey yourdecision-makingprocess.The interviewerwillbe lessfocusedonwhetherornot youcame to the “right” answerand more focusedonyour abilitytoproblem-solve andthinklogically. 4. Behavioral Interview Behavioral interviewingisawidelyusedmethodof jobinterviewing.Thisapproachisbasedonthe belief that past performance isthe bestpredictorof future behavior. In thistype of interview,youwill notbe askedhypothetical questionsabouthow youwouldhandlea situationif confrontedwithitinthe future.Insteadyouwill be askedhow youdidhandle aspecific situationwhenyouencountereditinthe past. Thistype of questionrequiresyoutotell storiesfromyourpast.These storieswill be evaluatedfor evidence of yourintellectual competence,leadership,teamwork,personal skills,adjustmentand flexibility,motivation,communicationskills,administrativeskills,andtechnical abilities. Duringthe interview,youmustbe able torecountthese circumstances,articulatelyand inamanner, whichshowcasesyourstrengths.A thoroughanswershoulddescribe the Situation,the Taskswithwhich youwere charged,the Actionyoutook,and the Resultof your action.We referto thisas the STAR Methodof respondingtobehavioralinterview questions. 5. ProblemSolvingor Case Interview Employersutilize thisstyleof questioningtotesta candidate'sanalytical abilityandcommunication skills.Inaproblemsolvingorcase interview,youwillbe presentedwithareal orsimulated problemto considerandsolve. You are notnecessarilyexpectedtoarrive atthe "correctanswer."What the interviewerismost concernedwithisyourthoughtprocess,sobe sure to "thinkoutloud"whenrespondingtothistype of question.Aneffective answerisone whichdemonstratesyourabilitytobreaka problemdowninto manageable piecesandtothinkclearlyunderpressure. 6. Panel Interview Employersoftenliketogatherthe opinionsof several membersof theirstaff priortodecidingwhich candidate tohire.To accomplishthis,panel interviewsare oftenusedwhere one candidate maybe interviewedbya fewpeople atonce.Ina panel interview,take note of eachinterviewer’sname,and referto thembytheirnames.Whengivingyouranswers,focusonthe personwhoaskedyouthe question,butmake eye contactwiththe othermembersinthe groupfromtime to time.Panel interviewscanvaryin style andtone,butgenerallytheywill be more formal andinclude behavioral basedquestions.
Que. 7 Explain InterviewTechniques. In the currentjob market,you'dbetterhave youract together,oryou won'tstand a chance againstthe competition.Be preparedtothe bestof yourability.There isnowayto predictwhatan interviewholds, but byfollowingthese importantrulesyouwillfeellessanxiousandwillbe readytopositivelypresent yourself.Checkyourself onthese 10basispointsbefore yougoonthat all-importantinterview. 1. Do your research Researchingthe companybefore the interview andlearningasmuchas possible aboutitsservices, products,customersandcompetitionwill give youanedge inunderstandingandaddressingthe company'sneeds.The more youknowaboutthe company andwhat itstands for,the betterchance you have of sellingyourself inthe interview.You alsoshouldfindoutaboutthe company'sculture togain insightintoyourpotential happinessonthe job. 2. Look sharp Selectwhatto wearto the interview.Dependingonthe industryandposition,getoutyourbest interview clothesandcheckthemoverfor spotsand wrinkles.Evenif the companyhasa casual environment,youdon'twantto looklike yousleptinyouroutfit.Above all,dressforconfidence.If you feel good,otherswill respondtoyouaccordingly. 3. Be prepared Bringalonga foldercontaining extracopiesof yourresume,acopyof yourreferencesandpapertotake notes.Youshouldalsohave questionspreparedtoaskat the endof the interview.Forextraassurance, printa copy of Monster'shandyinterview take-alongchecklist. 4. Be on time Neverarrive late toan interview.Allowextratime toarrive earlyinthe vicinity,allowingforfactorslike gettinglost.Enterthe building10to 15 minutesbefore the interview. 5. Show enthusiasm A firmhandshake andplentyof eye contactdemonstratesconfidence.Speakdistinctlyinaconfident voice,eventhoughyoumayfeel shaky. 6. Listen One of the mostneglectedinterview skillsislistening.Make sure youare not onlylistening,butalso readingbetweenthe lines.Sometimeswhatisnotsaidisjustas importantaswhat issaid. 7. Answerthe questionasked Candidatesoftendon'tthinkaboutwhethertheyare actuallyansweringthe questionstheirinterviewers ask.Make sure youunderstandwhatisbeingasked,andgetfurtherclarificationif youare unsure.
8. Give specificexamples One specificexample of yourbackgroundisworth50 vague stories.Prepare yourstoriesbefore the interview.Give examplesthathighlightyoursuccessesanduniqueness.Yourpastbehaviorcanindicate your future performance. 9. Ask questions Many intervieweesdon'taskquestionsandmissthe opportunitytofindoutvaluable information.The questionsyouaskindicate yourinterestinthe companyorjob. 10. Followup Whetherit'sthroughemail or regularmail,the interview follow-upisone more chance toremindthe interviewerof all the valuable traitsyoubringtothe job andcompany.Don't missthislastchance to marketyourself.

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Elective cource que ans

  • 1. Que. 1 Explain definitionandImportance of Interpersonal Skill? Definition Interpersonal skillsare capabilitiestoeffectivelycommunicate,socialize,connect, andcooperate with people inlife,whetheritbe anindividualora group.One thing'sfor sure:takingthe time andeffortto become proficientinthisskill set cantremendouslybenefityourrelationshipsinlife andmayimprove your professional success. Importance of interpersonal Skill Without interpersonal skills everyday business would be very difficult, since almost all aspectsof work involve communication.Manyjobsalsoinvolve collaborationandinteractionwith differenttypesof people, andinterpersonalskillsare vital tomake thishappen. Interpersonal skillsfall intothe category of ‘softskills’, meaningthese are inherentskillspossessed,not the kinda personcan generallylearnfromreadingtextbooks.Interpersonal skills are defined asthe skills“usedbya persontoproperlyinteractwithothers,”andstill be able toget the jobdone. These skills,whichincludeimportantworkplace traitssuchascommunicationskills,accurately interpretingotherpeople’semotions,sensitivity,abilitytomanage conflict,positiveattitudeand good manners,all fall underthe realm of interpersonal skills. 1. CommunicationSkill:Communicationisvital inthe workplace,nolongerare employees workingsolitary,there isahighlevel of personalinteractionoccurringinorganizational settings nowadaysandthisis a critical interpersonalskill. 2. Interpreting other’s emotions: Having an inherent ability to understand others is another interpersonal skill. Not that a person should be a mind-reader, however when another individual expresses themselves, understanding how they are feeling is important. 3. Sensitivity: Sensitivity perhaps goes hand-in-hand with empathy. While listening to others, especiallyinacustomerservice ormanagerial role,itisof the essence tobe able toeffectively sympathize where appropriate. 4. Conflictmanagement:Conflictisinevitable;however,there are appropriatewaystodeal with conflict and inappropriate methods. Those who have strong interpersonal skills often can successfully diffuse a situation before it explodes, or in some cases, implodes. 5. Positive attitude:One’sattitude helpsshapesorganizationalculture.If aworkplace isplagued by negativity, this can have an overall impact on how the people within the organization act with each other and external relationships tied to the company. 6. Good manners: While good manners are often assumed, not everyone has them. Those who are strong withtheir‘softskills’typicallyare polite. Inthe modernworkplace,these traitsare valuable because the dynamics have changed.
  • 2. Que. 2 Explain Behavioral traits required for evaluating Interpersonal skill? Though these interpersonal skills are to some extent inherent in oneself, they can be nurtured and developed with effort. 1. Resolving Conflict: There are chances of interpersonal conflict if a number of people work together on aproject. One can make a mark in such cases by beingan effectivemediator,whotakesa neutral position.The main concern, in such instances, should be to look at the overall interest of the organization without creating any bitterness in the people or team that hold opposing views. 2. A Smiling Face: A smiling face is alwayspreferable to a gloomy coffee-pot face. When dealing with team mates, one can get great results just with the help of a cool demeanor and a smiling face. It costs nothingbut pays much to keepa cheerful attitude.Itcan create an infectiousaurawithin the team leading to a positive, energizing and productive ambience. 3. Appreciative Attitude: If one wants to get the best out of team mates and co-workers, one should appreciate the workthe teammembershave beendoing.A small partin the back or a simple remarksuchas,‘well done,‘way to go’,‘carry onthe goodwork’,etc.,can go a longwaytoincrease theirenthusiasm andpromptthem to work more efficiently. 4. Assertive Nature: Even when appreciating others,one should be assertive. One shouldbe very specific—clearly stating the expectation and the reasons behind it, or else it may come across as hollow and superficial. The views should be asserted firmly without being rude. 5. Communication Skills: Thisisone of the mostimportantskills.Communicatingwithoutambiguityisthe cornerstone of strong performers and leaders. It is possible to avoid many conflicts and be an effective leader by communicating crisply. 6. ListeningSkills: While communicating with anyone, proper attention should be paid to what others have to say. Listeningisavital skill.Itplaysanimportantrole inimprovingrelationshipsandteamingina corporate setting. 7. DevelopingEmpathy: The word ’empathy’ simply means to understand and appreciate another person’s position. In other
  • 3. words, it implies putting oneself in somebody else’s shoes and trying to understand how one would have felt if he were in the same position as the recipient of the situation. Que. 3 Explain Intercultural managerial communication. 1.3.1 DimensionsofCultural Differences PsychologistDr.GeertHofstede publishedhisculturaldimensionsmodel atthe endof the 1970s, based on a decade of research.Since then,it'sbecome aninternationallyrecognizedstandardfor understandingcultural differences. Hofstede studiedpeople whoworkedforIBMinmore than 50 countries.Initially,he identifiedfour dimensionsthatcoulddistinguishone culture fromanother.Later,he addedfifthandsixthdimensions, incooperationwithDrsMichael H. Bond and Michael Minkov. These are: 1. PowerDistance Index (highversuslow). 2. Individualism versus Collectivism. 3. Masculinity versusFemininity. 4. UncertaintyAvoidance Index(highversuslow). 5. PragmaticVersusNormative. 6. Indulgence versusRestraint. 1. PowerDistance Index (PDI) A highPDIscore indicatesthata societyacceptsanunequal,hierarchical distributionof power,andthat people understand"theirplace"inthe system.A low PDIscore meansthatpowerissharedand iswidely dispersed,andthatsocietymembersdonotaccept situationswherepowerisdistributedunequally. 2. Individualism versus Collectivism(IDV) A highIDV score indicatesweakinterpersonal connectionamongthose whoare notpart of a core "family."Here,people take lessresponsibilityforothers'actions andoutcomes. In a collectivistsociety,however,people are supposedtobe loyal tothe groupto whichtheybelong, and,in exchange,the groupwill defendtheirinterests.The groupitself isnormallylarger,andpeople take responsibilityforone another'swellbeing. 3. Masculinity versusFemininity(MAS) Demonstratingyoursuccess,andbeingstrongandfast,are seenaspositive characteristics. Infeminine societies,however,there isagreatdeal of overlapbetweenmale andfemaleroles,andmodestyis perceivedasavirtue.Greaterimportance isplacedongoodrelationshipswithyourdirectsupervisors, or workingwithpeople whocooperatewellwithone another. The gap betweenmen'sandwomen'svaluesislargestinJapanandAustria,withMASscores of 95 and 79 respectively.
  • 4. 4. UncertaintyAvoidance Index(UAI) In societiesthatscore highlyforUncertaintyAvoidance,people attempttomake life aspredictable and controllable aspossible.If theyfindthattheycan'tcontrol theirownlives,they maybe temptedtostop trying.These people mayreferto"mañana,"orput theirfate "inthe handsof God." 5. PragmaticversusNormative (PRA) ThisdimensionisalsoknownasLong-TermOrientation.Itreferstothe degree towhichpeople needto explainthe inexplicable,andisstronglyrelatedtoreligiosityandnationalism. However,ingeneral terms,countriesthatscore highlyforPRA tendtobe pragmatic,modest,long-term oriented,andthriftier.Self-enhancementisalsoimportanthere,alongwithaperson'sdesire toplease theirparents. 6. Indulgence versusRestraint(IVR) Hofstede'ssixthdimension,discoveredanddescribedtogetherwithMichael Minkov,isalsorelatively new,andis therefore accompaniedbylessdata. CountrieswithahighIVRscore alloworencourage relativelyfreegratificationof people'sowndrives and emotions,suchasenjoyinglife andhavingfun.Inasocietywitha low IVRscore,there ismore emphasisonsuppressinggratificationandmore regulationof people'sconductandbehavior,andthere are strictersocial norms. 1.3.2 Beinga GoodIntercultural Communicator 8 Habitsof Successful InterculturalCommunicators Nothavingthe same cultural scriptsmakesit necessaryforusto consciouslyreflectuponthe behavior that we are usinginorderto reduce the chance of creatingmisunderstandingstoa minimum. In otherwords — we are forcedtosuddenlyactivelythinkaboutourbehaviorasopposedto Simply beingable toactbasedon our gut feeling. Habitslike these directlytranslate intoeffectivebehaviorsince theyare automaticresponsestocertain internal feelings,ratherthana particularexternal situation. Habit #1: After everyintercultural communication situation,carefullyreflectabout its outcomes Perhapsyoucan’t affordto dothiswhenyouwere dealingwithpeople fromyourowncountry,butin intercultural communicationsituationsyousimplyhave toif youwantto gain anysignificantlearnings fromthem. Habit #2: Always try to understand the other side’smotivationsbehindeverybehavior Keepinmindthatone of the primaryreasonswhyintercultural communicationsituationsfail isbecause the two sideshave completelydifferentbelief-andvalue systems. One of the mostdifficultaspectsof intercultural communicationistherefore tounderstandthe beliefs whichare underlyingthe otherside’sbehavior.
  • 5. Habit #3: Questionyour beliefsandassumptionson a regularbasis Beinggroundedinone’score beliefsisone veryimportantaspectof havingasolidsense of self. Almostall assumptionswe are makingaboutthe worldare subjectiveandaresultof the cultural conditioningthatwe have receivedbylivinginaparticularenvironment. In otherwords,while beingconfrontedwithpeople fromothercultural backgrounds,bydefinitionwe will constantlyface situationswhereourownbeliefsdiffersignificantlyfromthose of the otherside. Habit #4: Seek out uncomfortable situations Withinthe realmof intercultural communication,discomfortusuallymeansone of twothings:youare facinga situationwhere yourownbeliefsare beingputintoquestion Anotherperson’sbehaviorsare displayingacompletelydifferentsetof valuesthananythingyouhave everexperienced Eitherway,theyare bothlearningopportunities.Seekthemoutactivelyandlearntoappreciate discomfortassomethingthatcan helpyoutogrow. Habit #5: Practice mindfulness Mindfulnessisanincrediblyimportantskillforintercultural communicators.Itallowsustopayclose attentiontoa large numberof factors, eventhe smallestof whichcanhave enormousimpactsonthe outcomesof our communicationprocess. Habit #6: SuspendJudgment In these situations,itiseasytojudge certainbehaviorsorwaysof thinkingof the otherculture by placingnegative labelsuponthem.Whetheritis‘foolish’,‘wrong’or‘stupid’,eitherof these negative labelswill preventyoufromgainingareal understandingof the otherculture. Habit #7: Always double-checkany assumptionyou are making about another culture It isnatural thatwe dohave thistendencyasit helpsusverymuchin dealingwithpeople fromourown cultural background.Ourexperiencesinthiscultural environmentmakesourintuitionquite strongin predictingotherpeople’swayof thinking. Evenif you have spenta significantamountof time reflectingonthe behaviorof people fromanother culture,youshouldstill remaincautiousaboutcomingtoanyfinal conclusionsonyourown. Habit #8: Constantly ask for feedback One verycommonoutcome of intercultural communicationsituationsisthatwhile we personallyhave perceiveditassuccessful,we donotnotice thatthe otherside perceivesthingscompletelydifferently. In otherwords,we are misinterpretingthe otherside’sperceptionof ourselves,ourbehaviorandthe outcome of the communicationprocess. Consequently,one veryimportanthabittodevelopistoregularlyaskotherpeople fromthe other culture withwhomwe are interactingabouthow our behaviorcame acrossto them.
  • 6. 1.3.3 DevelopingInter-culturallySensitive Managers The importance of developingaculture-sensitive management Havingcultural sensitivityisimportantwhenyoutravel,of course.Youwantto demonstrate respectand appreciationforthe culture of the people inthe place you’re visiting.Thishelpsgrow your understandingof yournewsurroundings,andmakesyourtime spentthere more meaningful. Large corporationsnowinclude cultural sensitivitytrainingintheiremployee on-boardingprocess.Many publishershire teamstoreviewcontentforvariouscultural interpretationspriortorelease.Evenmajor retail brandssuchas Nike have beguntoproduce/promote productsthatare inclusiveof anincreasingly diverse customerbase’sneed.Checkouttheirawesome new ProHijabasan example. The most importantthingwhenitcomestoacting ina culturallysensitive wayisthatyourememberto groundeach interactionyouhave withothersinthe understandingthattheir background,experiences, and valuesnaturallyvaryfrom yourown.Thiswill helpyoutoleadwithunderstandingandempathy, rather thanjudgment,whichisanincrediblyimportantshift.
  • 7. Que. 4 Explain Businessetiquettesandmanners The basisof businessetiquette isaboutbuildingstrongrelationshipsinyourfieldbyfosteringbetter communication.Thiscanonlyhappenwhenthose youworkwithfeel secure andcomfortable.Although basicbusinessetiquettemayvaryfromcountry to country,some principlesstandthe testof time and geography. Arrive on Time In the businessworld,itisbesttoobserve the oldrule,“Five minutesearlyislate.”Allowyourself enoughtime toarrive promptly,take off yourcoat,and settle ina bit.Arrivingata meetingexactlyat the appointedtime canmake youfeel rushed,andyouwill lookit.Time isacommodity;bybeing punctual,youshowyourespectothers. Dress Appropriately While appropriate dresscertainlyvariesfromfieldtofieldandclimate toclimate,some thingsremain the same.Clean,pressedclothingwithout anyloose threadsortagsand relativelypolished,closed-toe shoesare a must.Lookat the people aroundyouforideasonwhatsort of clothingisstandard.The adage,“Dressfor the job youwant,not the jobyou have,”isa good rule tofollow.Whenindoubt,ask humanresourcespersonnelwhenyougetthe jobor discreetlyasksomeone youworkwith. Speak Kindly Takingcare to greetyourco-workersandrememberingtosay“please”and“thankyou”make a tremendousdifference inthe waytheyperceive you.Yourgoodmannersshow thatyouacknowledge those aroundyouand are considerate of theirpresence.Avoiddiscussingpolitical orreligiousmatters. Keepthe conversationfocusedonnoncontroversialtopics,soyourco- workersfindyoueasyto talkto. That sort of diplomacyisthe basicideaof businessetiquette. Avoid Gossipor Eavesdropping Gossipand eavesdroppingare childishbehaviorsthathave noplace inthe workplace.If youheara rumor aboutsomeone inthe workplace,donotpassit on.People don’talwaysknow orrememberwho starts a rumor,but theyalwaysrememberwhospreadsit.If youwalkintoanarea, and itseemsyourco- workersdon'tknowyouare there,make sure to greetthempolitelytoremove anychance thatyou accidentallyeavesdropontheirconversation. Show Interest Showinginterestgoesbeyondbusinessetiquette intogeneral politeness,butitbearsrepeating:When speakingwithsomeone,show youare trulyengaged.Donotplayonyour phone or computer,andif you have to answera communicationsay,“Excuse me one moment;I'msosorry.” Maintainfriendlyeye contact. Listen.Peoplewillrememberhow youmake themfeel,andnobodywantstofeel asif theyare ignored. Watch Your Body Language In the Westernworld,ahandshake isstill the typical greeting.Sayhellowithafirmbutquickhandshake. Thishandshake isthe extentof howmuchyou shouldevertouchaco-worker– whenitdoubts,just
  • 8. don’ttouch.Hugs or othertypesof affectionthatyoushare withfriendsandfamilyare outof place in the workplace. Introduce YourselfandOthers Sometimesyoucantell peopledonotrememberyourname orposition.Introduce orreintroduce yourself quicklyif thatseemstobe the case.If youare witha co-workerwhoisnew,take the time to introduce himtoothers.It helpstohave a friendlypersonmake youfeel comfortable inthe office. Don’t Interrupt Whenyouhave a greatideaor suddenlyremembersomethingimportant,itcanbe temptingtoblurtit out.Do not do this.Interruptingthe personwhoisspeakingsendsthe messagethatwhatshe issaying isn'tas importantas whatyou have to say.Demonstratingyouare an attentive listeneristhe backbone of diplomacy. MindYour Mouth Usingvulgar language isa surefire waytobecome unpopularinyourworkplace.Vulgarlanguage includesswearwordsandjudgmentallanguage.Businessetiquette requiresbeingconstantlymindful that youare ina diverse environmentwithpeople youdonotknow on a personal level.Speakasthough someone fromhumanresourcesisalwayslistening. Consume Correctly If you attendan after-hoursworkevent,donotdrinktoomuchalcohol.Whenat work,take care not to bringparticularlymalodorousfoodsthateveryone inthe office can'thelpbutsmell.Don'tmake noises duringor afteryou eat;no one wantsto hear that. At the heartof these 10 basicsof businessetiquette isdiplomacy.Takingcare totreat everyone asthe valuable people theyare saysalot aboutwhoyou are as a person.Thatis the kindof care people notice and wantto be around.Embrace the basicsof businessetiquette tobecome alastingemployeeorto advance throughthe corporate ranks.
  • 9. Que. 5 Explain Resume Writing Resume Writing Step– 1 Step– 2 Step– 3 Choose From3 Formats How to Orderyour Information How to Style yourResume of Pages Reverse-Chronological Contact Information FontSizes Functional Resume Introduction Lines Combination ProfessionalExperience Margins Education Additional Sections Your goal is to gethiringmanagersto buyintowhatyou’re selling –whichmeansgivingyouan interview.Toaccomplishthat,youneedtosee itas your marketingtool,yourtrustybeltbuckle of tricks. Withoutityou are powerless. There are some whoinsistotherwise,butevencertifiedprofessional resume writerswilladmitthat,“a guidingprincipleof the résumé writingprofessionisthatthere are no hard andfast rules.”Withthat beingsaid,beloware some tipsandguidelinestohelpyouwrite one thatbestpresentsyourcareer goals. Step 1: 1. Choose From 3 Formats So,you are staringat a blankpage on your computerwondering,“Where doIstart?” Hundredsaskthis same questioneverydayandthe reasonismostlikelydue tothe fact that there is nostandard rule for formattinga resume. Your formattingdecisioncomesdownto3choices:Reverse-Chronological,Functional,and Combination.Eachformathastheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.Below,youwillfindwhichone isbestfor you. 2. Reverse-Chronological Thisis the more traditional formatandiswhat youare mostlikelytocome across.Chronological format isflexible andcanbe usedfor applicantswithanylevel of experience. 3. Functional While chronological placesemphasisoncareer progression,afunctional formatfocusesonyourabilities and skills.Since itheavilyemphasizesthe applicant’squalifications,functional formatismore suitable for those withanexpertlevel of experience.
  • 10. 4. Combination As youcan probablyguessthe combinationformatmergesbitsandpiecesfrombothchronological and functional formats.Like the functional format,itfocusesonspecificqualifications,yetthe bodyof the documentcontainsprofessionalexperiencesimilartochronological format.This formatisgenerally reservedforthose withagreat deal of experience inaparticularindustry. Step 2: 1. The Order of Information Before delvingintowhatinformation,youshouldadd,it’simportanttorememberthatthe information youinclude will largelydependonthe formatyouchoose.Withthatbeingsaid,below isageneral guide to whatinformationyoushouldaddandthe orderin whichyoushouldaddit. 2. Contact Information The contact informationsectionisprettyself-explanatory.Thissectiondoesnotrequire alabel (Contact InformationorContactDetails).Whenlistingyourcontactdetails,youshouldfollow thisorder: A. Name (largestfontonpage,middle initialisoptional) MailingAddress B. Telephone Number(Checkthatyouhave an appropriate voicemail message) C. Email Address(make sure it’sappropriate,don’tuse yoursexypanda45@gmail.comaccount.) Linkto online portfolio(optional,ensure itisrelevanttothe position) D. LinkedInProfile 3. Resume Introduction Like formats,jobseekershave 3choicesfortheirresume introduction:aqualificationssummary,career objective,andprofessional profile. a. QualificationsSummary Withregards to format,the qualificationssummaryisabulletpointlist(rangingfrom4to 6 points) of your mostoutstandingcareerachievements.Avoidusinggenericstatementsandtryto listyourskillsin a way reflectsyourunique voice. b. Career Objective A resume objective,alsoreferredtoasa careerobjective,isa2-3 sentence statementthatprovidesan overviewof yourskillsandexperience.Thisresumeintroductionisbestforentry- level candidates. c. Professional Profile The professional profileisacombinationof boththe careerobjective andqualificationssummary.Itis alsothe most flexibleof the three stylesasitcan be formattedasshort paragraph of bullet-pointlist.
  • 11. 4. Professional Experience The sectionisthe core of yourresume,where youare taskedwithprovingthe skillsyouhave listedin the qualification’ssummaryorcareer objective.Whenitcomestolabelingthissection,some use “RelevantExperience,”or“Work Experience”asan alternative to“Professional Experience.” 5. Education Havinga solideducationsectionhelpstodisplaythe foundationof yourknowledgeandexpertise. Dependingonyourprofessional experience,youmaywantto considerswitchingthe orderof the professionalexperienceandeducationsections. 6. Additional Sections By nowyou’ve alreadyaddedthe nutsandboltsto yourresume.Below are afew sectionsyoumaywant to consideraddingtohelpstrengthenit. a. Publications Addinga publicationssectionsispertinentforgraduate studentswhohave publishedarticlesthatare relevanttothe jobtheyare applyingto.Listyourarticlesinreverse chronological orderbypublishing date.You may label these as“WorksinProgress”or “SubmittedforPublication.”Here isanexample of howa publicationssectionsshouldbe formatted. b. Awards/Honors/Activities Thissectionaddsanotherlayerof customizationtoyourresume byprovidingevidence of yourabilities. Addingrelevantawardsandactivitieshelpsyoustandoutfromyour competition.If thissection becomestoolengthy,feel free tobreakthemupintosmallersections.Here are some itemstoconsider adding:Grants,AcademicHonors,Scholarships,Volunteerpositions,Professional Affiliations c. Technical Skills Some careers,suchas those inthe IT or Engineeringfields,require specializedknowledge andhands-on skills.Withinthe ITindustry,asoftware manager’sresponsibilitieswill differfrom companytocompany. A technical skillssectionishelpful inshowcasingyourknowledge of specificsystems. d. Additional Skills Includinganadditional skillssectionmaybe worthconsidering.Anadditional skillssection isashortand concise listof skillsrelevanttoyourindustry.Thissectionissimilaratechnical skill,butisoftenusedfor industriesthatdonotspecificallyrequireadvancedskills. Step 3: 1. How to Style your Resume of Pages Thisis the mostarguedpointof resume writing.Some professionalsvigorouslydiscourageapplicants fromgoingoverone page,while othersargue thatinsome instancesitisacceptable.The bottomline is this:if you have informationthatishighlyrelevanttothe positionyouare applyingforthengoahead and add an extrapage.
  • 12. 2. Font and SizingDos and Don’ts Fontstyle andsize islargelydependentonyourpreference.Youcanneverbe sure what the hiring managerpreferssoyouhave to go withyour gut.However,there are some Dosand Don’tswhenit comesto choosingyourfontand sizes. Thisis byno meansa rule,butrather a guidelinetoconsiderfollowing.Justremembertokeepthe readabilityinmindwhenchoosingsizes.If the hiringmanagerneedstoputon theirglassesjusttomake out yourexperience,thenyourapplicationwill be onone-waytriptothe trashcan. 3. Lines Linesare great to use to helpbreakupthe resume andallow potential employerstobetterprocessthe information.Line breakscommonlybeginafterthe careerobjective orqualificationssummary.From there,theyare usedto breakeachsubsequentsection.How youdivide itisupto you,butjustdon’tgo page breakcrazy foreverybitof information.Toomanypage breakswill ruinitsreadability. 4. Margins Margins are the firstthinga potential employerwillnotice aboutyourresume,soit’simportantthat theyare appropriatelyset.One-inchmarginsare the safe betforapplicantsthatlackexperience.If you have a wealthof experience thatyouare tryingto fitto one page thenit isacceptable toreduce to the margins.
  • 13. Que. 6 Explain typesof Interview. Everyemployerhasa preferredstyleof obtainingthe informationtheyneedfortheirhiringdecision. These are some basictypesof interviewstylesyoumayencounter.Some employersmaychoose to utilize acombinationof differentstyles,butaslongas you've preparedwell foryourinterview,you'llbe able to adaptto the situationtheypresent. 1. Structured Interview A structuredinterviewistypicallyformal andorganizedandmayinclude several interviewers,commonly referredtoas a panel interview.Aninterviewerwhohasa more structuredstyle will usuallybeginwith whatis knownas an “icebreaker”question.The icebreakerisusedtorelax youbefore the more serious questionsare asked.A discussionaboutthe weathermightbe usedorperhapsa questionaboutthe trafficon yourway to the office. Next,the interviewermaytalkfora fewminutesabout the company andthe position. Duringthistime, the interviewermaydescribe the day-to-dayworkresponsibilitiesandthe general companyphilosophy. He or she may thenaskyou a seriesof questionsregardingyourpasteducational,co-curricular,and workexperiences. 2. UnstructuredInterview The unstructuredinterviewiswhatthe name implies.The onlystructure tothe interview isthe one that youprovide.Basically,the interviewerisinterestedinhearingfromyou,soyoumaybe askeda variety of differentopen-endedquestions. You will findanunstructuredinterviewtobe more conversational andlessformal intone thana structuredinterview.Youmaybe askedquestionsaboutyourhobbies,whatyoudoon the weekends,or othercasual questionsdesignedtoputyouat ease.Many studentspreferthislaid-backstyle of interviewing,butyoumustbe cautious. Sometimesemployersintentionallyadoptthiscasual demeanorsothatyoufeel comfortable enoughto letdownyourguard and potentiallyrevealsomethingthatyou normallywouldnot.If youfindyourself inan unstructuredinterview,be friendlybutmaintainyourprofessionalism. 3. Stress Interview Thisstyle isusedprimarilybyinterviewerswhoare hiringforpositionswhere thereisahighlevel of dailystressin the workenvironment(i.e.,sales,stockbroker,etc.). The same questionsthatare askedduringastructuredor unstructuredinterview maybe askedfora stressinterview.However,theremaybe a difference inthe behaviorordemeanorof the interviewer. The interviewerduringastressinterview mayappeardistracted,contrary,orindifferenttoyou. The ideabehindthistype of interview istoassessyourreactiontothe pressure of indifference,rejection, and overall stress.Tobe successful inthe stressinterview,itisrecommendedthatyoufocusonthe questionthatisaskedandnot the mannerin whichitisasked.
  • 14. Verballyconvey yourdecision-makingprocess.The interviewerwillbe lessfocusedonwhetherornot youcame to the “right” answerand more focusedonyour abilitytoproblem-solve andthinklogically. 4. Behavioral Interview Behavioral interviewingisawidelyusedmethodof jobinterviewing.Thisapproachisbasedonthe belief that past performance isthe bestpredictorof future behavior. In thistype of interview,youwill notbe askedhypothetical questionsabouthow youwouldhandlea situationif confrontedwithitinthe future.Insteadyouwill be askedhow youdidhandle aspecific situationwhenyouencountereditinthe past. Thistype of questionrequiresyoutotell storiesfromyourpast.These storieswill be evaluatedfor evidence of yourintellectual competence,leadership,teamwork,personal skills,adjustmentand flexibility,motivation,communicationskills,administrativeskills,andtechnical abilities. Duringthe interview,youmustbe able torecountthese circumstances,articulatelyand inamanner, whichshowcasesyourstrengths.A thoroughanswershoulddescribe the Situation,the Taskswithwhich youwere charged,the Actionyoutook,and the Resultof your action.We referto thisas the STAR Methodof respondingtobehavioralinterview questions. 5. ProblemSolvingor Case Interview Employersutilize thisstyleof questioningtotesta candidate'sanalytical abilityandcommunication skills.Inaproblemsolvingorcase interview,youwillbe presentedwithareal orsimulated problemto considerandsolve. You are notnecessarilyexpectedtoarrive atthe "correctanswer."What the interviewerismost concernedwithisyourthoughtprocess,sobe sure to "thinkoutloud"whenrespondingtothistype of question.Aneffective answerisone whichdemonstratesyourabilitytobreaka problemdowninto manageable piecesandtothinkclearlyunderpressure. 6. Panel Interview Employersoftenliketogatherthe opinionsof several membersof theirstaff priortodecidingwhich candidate tohire.To accomplishthis,panel interviewsare oftenusedwhere one candidate maybe interviewedbya fewpeople atonce.Ina panel interview,take note of eachinterviewer’sname,and referto thembytheirnames.Whengivingyouranswers,focusonthe personwhoaskedyouthe question,butmake eye contactwiththe othermembersinthe groupfromtime to time.Panel interviewscanvaryin style andtone,butgenerallytheywill be more formal andinclude behavioral basedquestions.
  • 15. Que. 7 Explain InterviewTechniques. In the currentjob market,you'dbetterhave youract together,oryou won'tstand a chance againstthe competition.Be preparedtothe bestof yourability.There isnowayto predictwhatan interviewholds, but byfollowingthese importantrulesyouwillfeellessanxiousandwillbe readytopositivelypresent yourself.Checkyourself onthese 10basispointsbefore yougoonthat all-importantinterview. 1. Do your research Researchingthe companybefore the interview andlearningasmuchas possible aboutitsservices, products,customersandcompetitionwill give youanedge inunderstandingandaddressingthe company'sneeds.The more youknowaboutthe company andwhat itstands for,the betterchance you have of sellingyourself inthe interview.You alsoshouldfindoutaboutthe company'sculture togain insightintoyourpotential happinessonthe job. 2. Look sharp Selectwhatto wearto the interview.Dependingonthe industryandposition,getoutyourbest interview clothesandcheckthemoverfor spotsand wrinkles.Evenif the companyhasa casual environment,youdon'twantto looklike yousleptinyouroutfit.Above all,dressforconfidence.If you feel good,otherswill respondtoyouaccordingly. 3. Be prepared Bringalonga foldercontaining extracopiesof yourresume,acopyof yourreferencesandpapertotake notes.Youshouldalsohave questionspreparedtoaskat the endof the interview.Forextraassurance, printa copy of Monster'shandyinterview take-alongchecklist. 4. Be on time Neverarrive late toan interview.Allowextratime toarrive earlyinthe vicinity,allowingforfactorslike gettinglost.Enterthe building10to 15 minutesbefore the interview. 5. Show enthusiasm A firmhandshake andplentyof eye contactdemonstratesconfidence.Speakdistinctlyinaconfident voice,eventhoughyoumayfeel shaky. 6. Listen One of the mostneglectedinterview skillsislistening.Make sure youare not onlylistening,butalso readingbetweenthe lines.Sometimeswhatisnotsaidisjustas importantaswhat issaid. 7. Answerthe questionasked Candidatesoftendon'tthinkaboutwhethertheyare actuallyansweringthe questionstheirinterviewers ask.Make sure youunderstandwhatisbeingasked,andgetfurtherclarificationif youare unsure.
  • 16. 8. Give specificexamples One specificexample of yourbackgroundisworth50 vague stories.Prepare yourstoriesbefore the interview.Give examplesthathighlightyoursuccessesanduniqueness.Yourpastbehaviorcanindicate your future performance. 9. Ask questions Many intervieweesdon'taskquestionsandmissthe opportunitytofindoutvaluable information.The questionsyouaskindicate yourinterestinthe companyorjob. 10. Followup Whetherit'sthroughemail or regularmail,the interview follow-upisone more chance toremindthe interviewerof all the valuable traitsyoubringtothe job andcompany.Don't missthislastchance to marketyourself.