Electronics module
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1) The document discusses the uses and workings of the cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). It describes how cathode rays are emitted and their properties. 2) It explains the basic structure of the CRO including labeled diagrams of its components and their functions. Equations are provided to measure voltage and time intervals using a CRO. 3) The document also covers semiconductors and diodes. It describes the doping process and defines n-type and p-type semiconductors. Diodes are defined as components that allow current to flow in one direction. The structure and symbol of a semiconductor diode are shown.
Electronics module
- 1. Physics Module Form 5 Chapter 4- Electronics GCKL 2010 4-1 UNDERSTANDING THE USES OF THE CATHODE RAY O S C I L L O S C O P E ( C . R . O . ) What is thermionic emission? __________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Label the figure of a vacuum tube: (b) ………… emitted are accelerated ………….. the anode by the high …………………… between the cathode and anode. What is cathode rays? A beam of electrons moving at high speed in a vacuum Properties of Cathode Rays 1. What is the characteristics of the cathode rays? (i) …………………………………………………………………….. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………. (iii) …………………………………………………………………… What it working principle of the cathode ray oscilloscope ? Structure of the Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 1. Label all parts of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope below. 4.1 Figure 9.1 .
- 2. Physics Module Form 5 Chapter 4- Electronics GCKL 2010 4-2 2. Fill in the blank all components and its functions. Figure 9.3
- 3. Physics Module Form 5 Chapter 4- Electronics GCKL 2010 4-3 What is the energy change? eVchangeEnergyPotential The principle of conservation of energy is the change of ____________ electric energy to ________ energy. eVmv 2 2 1 , How to measure voltage? How to measure short time intervals? To measure a D.C voltage: The unknown voltage, V = (Y-gain) × h To measure a A.C voltage: Peak-to-peak voltage, Vpp = (Y-gains) × h Peak voltage, Vp = (Y-gains) 2 1 (h) Short time intervals, t = no. of divisions between two pulses × time-base value. Examples 1. The diagram shows the trace on the screen of a CRO when an a.c voltage is connected to the Y-input. The Y-gain control is set at 2 V/div and the time base is off. Calculate the value of : (a) Peak-to-peak voltage, Vpp (b)Peak voltage, Vp. Solution: 2. An ultrasound signal is transmitted vertically down to the sea bed. Transmitted and reflected signals are input into an oscilloscope with a time base setting of 150 ms cm-1 . The diagram shows the trace of the two signals on the screen of the oscilloscope. The speed of sound in water is 1200 ms-1 . What is the depth of the sea? Solution: 2 2 1 changeEnergyKinetic mv Figure 9.11
- 4. Physics Module Form 5 Chapter 4- Electronics GCKL 2010 4-4 4.2 UNDERSTANDING SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES What is semiconductor? It is ……………………………………………………………………………................................. …………………………………………............................................................................................ What is the “doping” process? What is semiconductors diodes? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Fill in the blank for the statement below. (a) n-type semiconductor Silicon like Silicon doped with ………………atoms such as …………… or phosphorus. The phosphorus atoms have …….. valence electrons. The fifth electron is free to move through the silicon. The silicon has ….………………….. as majority charge-carriers and it thus known as an n-type semiconductor. (b) p-type semiconductors Semiconductor like Silicon doped with ……………….. atoms such as ………… or indium has more positive holes. The Boron atoms have only …………. valence electrons with missing an electron. The majority charge-carriers in this semiconductor are the ……..................... and this semiconductor known as a p-type semiconductor.
- 5. Physics Module Form 5 Chapter 4- Electronics GCKL 2010 4-5 What is the function of diodes? Semiconductor Diode A diode is a component (device) that allows _______________to flow in ________ direction only. A diode acts like a one-way valve to electric current. The following figure shows structure and the symbol of a semiconductor diode : Draw the symbol for a semiconductor diode. How does the p-n junction diode work? Any further movement of _____________ across the boundary in the depletion layer will be repelled by the charges in the layer. The layer of the negative charge in the p-type region will prevent the majority charge carriers from the __________ region(the electrons) from crossing the boundary. Similarly , the positive charge layer in the n-type region will prevent the majority charge carriers from the __________region(the holes) from crossing the boundary in the opposite direction.