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Electronics and Computer Project Report Template and Guidelines 2020.pdf

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AmritSapkota9

This document appears to be a project report template for students at the Institute of Engineering, Thapathali Campus in Tribhuvan University, Nepal. It includes sections for the project title, student and supervisor names, declarations of original work, approvals, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, and suggested subsections for an introduction, literature review, requirements analysis, system design, implementation details, results and analysis, future enhancements, and conclusion. Appendices are also included for additional materials like diagrams, specifications, or code.

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Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (12, Bold, Center Justified) INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING THAPATHALI CAMPUS A Project Report (12, Bold, Center Justified) On [Project Title] Submitted By: (12, Bold, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) (14, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) Submitted To: (12, Bold, Center Justified) Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Thapathali Campus (12, Center Justified) Kathmandu, Nepal July, 2019 (12, Center Justified)
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (12, Bold, Center Justified) INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING THAPATHALI CAMPUS A Project Report (12, Bold, Center Justified) On [Project Title] Submitted By: (12, Bold, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) (12, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) Submitted To: (12, Bold, Center Justified) Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Thapathali Campus Kathmandu, Nepal (12, Center Justified) In partial fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. (12, Center Justified) Under the Supervision of (12, Bold, Center Justified) [Supervisor’s Name] (12, Center Justified) July, 2019 (12, Center Justified)
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 i DECLARATION We hereby declare that the report of the project entitled “Project Title” which is being submitted to the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus, in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering, is a bonafide report of the work carried out by us. The materials contained in this report have not been submitted to any University or Institution for the award of any degree and we are the only author of this complete work and no sources other than the listed here have been used in this work. Bimal Aryal (Class Roll No: 070/BEX/101) ________________________ [Student Name] (Class Roll No: [070/BEX/101]) ________________________ [Student Name] (Class Roll No: [070/BEX/101]) ________________________ [Student Name] (Class Roll No: [070/BEX/101]) ________________________ Date: July, 2019
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 ii CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus, a minor project work entitled “Project Title” submitted by Student Name, Student Name, Student Name and Student Name in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. The Project was carried out under special supervision and within the time frame prescribed by the syllabus. We found the students to be hardworking, skilled and ready to undertake any related work to their field of study and hence we recommend the award of partial fulfillment of Bachelor’s degree of Electronics and Communication Engineering. Project Supervisor Mr. Saroj Shakya Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus External Examiner Prof. Dr. Shashidhar Ram Joshi Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus Project Co-ordinator Mr. Umesh Kanta Ghimire Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus Mr. Kiran Chandra Dahal Head of the Department, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus July, 2019
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 iii COPYRIGHT The author has agreed that the library, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus, may make this report freely available for inspection. Moreover, the author has agreed that the permission for extensive copying of this project work for scholarly purpose may be granted by the professor/lecturer, who supervised the project work recorded herein or, in their absence, by the head of the department. It is understood that the recognition will be given to the author of this report and to the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus in any use of the material of this report. Copying of publication or other use of this report for financial gain without approval of the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus and author’s written permission is prohibited. Request for permission to copy or to make any use of the material in this project in whole or part should be addressed to department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement here. (1 – 5 paragraphs) Sujan Dhungana (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/142) [Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111) [Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111) [Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111)
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 v ABSTRACT Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. (a paragraph) Keywords: [most frequently used terms in your report (may be technology, algorithms etc.) (Italic, alphabetical order)
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 vi Table of Contents DECLARATION...........................................................................................................i CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL..............................................................................ii COPYRIGHT............................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................iv ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................v List of Figures........................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ...............................................................................................................ix List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................1 1.1 Background..................................................................................................1 1.2 Motivation ...................................................................................................1 1.3 Problem Definition ......................................................................................1 1.4 Project Objectives........................................................................................1 1.5 Project Scope and Applications...................................................................1 1.6 Report Organization ....................................................................................2 2. LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................3 2.1 Sub-heading 1..............................................................................................3 2.2 Sub-heading 2 and so on..............................................................................3 3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ............................................................................4 3.1 Sub-heading 1 – Project Requirement (may be Hardware and Software Requirements) ........................................................................................................4 3.2 Sub-heading 2 – Feasibility Study...............................................................4 4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND METHODOLOGY ..................................5 4.1 Sub-heading 1 – Block Diagram/Architecture ............................................5 4.2 Sub-heading 2 – Flowcharts/Algorithms (and other design methods) ........5 5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS .......................................................................6
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 vii 5.1 Sub-heading 1 for e.g. Hardware Components............................................6 5.2 Sub-heading 2..............................................................................................6 5.2.1 Sub-heading of 5.2..............................................................................6 6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS...............................................................................7 6.1 Sub-heading 1..............................................................................................7 6.1.1 Sub-heading 1 of 6.1 ........................................................................7 6.2 Sub-heading 2..............................................................................................7 7. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT.................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................8 9. APPENDICES ......................................................................................................9 Appendix A: Circuit Diagram ................................................................................9 Appendix B: PCB Diagram..................................................................................10 Appendix C: Zigbee Module Specification..........................................................12 Appendix D: Used Linux Commands ..................................................................13 References...................................................................................................................16
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 viii List of Figures Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of abc .................................................................................5 Figure 4-2: Flowchart of xyz .........................................................................................5 Figure 6-1: figure xyz ....................................................................................................7 Figure 9-1: Circuit Diagram of AVR with sensors and XBee.......................................9 Figure 9-2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay...............................................9 Figure 9-3: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Top Layer).....................10 Figure 9-4: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Bottom Layer) ...............10 Figure 9-5: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Top Layer)............................11 Figure 9-6: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Bottom Layer) ......................11
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 ix List of Tables Table 9-1: XBee S2 Pin Description............................................................................12 Table 9-2: XBee S2 General Features .........................................................................12
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 x List of Abbreviations AC Alternating Current ADC Analog to Digital Converter API Application Programming Interface BCM Broadcom CMOS Complementary Metallic Oxide Semiconductor CMS Center Monitoring System CSS Cascading Style Sheets DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol et al. And Others FTP File Transfer Protocol FTPS File Transfer Protocol Secure GIS Geographic Information System GPIO General Purpose Input Output GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Global Positioning System GPU Graphics Processor Unit GUI Graphical User Interface HDMI High Definition Media Interface HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTML Hypertext Markup Language IDLE Integrated Development Environment IP Internet Protocol IOT Internet Of Things ISP Internet Service Provider ISR Interrupt Service Routine IT Information Technology
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 1 1. INTRODUCTION Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.1 Background Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.2 Motivation Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.3 Problem Definition Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.4 Project Objectives The main objectives of our project are listed below (maximum 2 points and to the point):  point 1  point 2 1.5 Project Scope and Applications Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 2 1.6 Report Organization Briefly explains all the chapters and their focus. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter contains all the existing works that have already been carried out in the field related to your project topic. This chapters tells how much you researched before completing your project. You have to explain each of the works as a separate sub-topic with following details:  What is the work of existing/researched related topic?  How it is done? used methods, techniques, technology, algorithms and any new innovations of existing/researched related topic)  Its importance or applications existing/researched related topic  drawbacks and limitations existing/researched related topic  Criticize the work of existing/researched related topic  Link these criticisms on the existing/researched related topic to the motivation explained in previous chapter.  Each information should be properly sited. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here [1]. 2.1 Sub-heading 1 Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here [2]. 2.2 Sub-heading 2 and so on Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here [3].
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 4 3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS Enumerate & describe why and where in your project the hardware components / instruments & software are required. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis [4]. 3.1 Sub-heading 1 – may be Hardware/Software Requirements Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. 3.2 Sub-heading 2 – may be Dataset analysis Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 5 4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND METHODOLOGY Explain the system block diagram along with the purpose of each block & how the blocks interact with each other. Explain any flowcharts / algorithms / methods that your project follows. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Center Justified Figure Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of abc 4.1 Sub-heading 1 – Block Diagram/Architecture (Explain all the building blocks of your system in details explaining what and how it does the things)Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Center Justified Figure Figure 4-2: Flowchart of xyz 4.2 Sub-heading 2 – Flowcharts/Algorithms (and other design methods) Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 6 5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS Describe how the hardware components / instruments & software function in your project. Describe the calibration process required for correct operation of each module. Describe the interfacing technicalities / protocol of each module used in your project. Explain in detail how all components are interconnected to make a functioning system. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. 5.1 Sub-heading 1 for e.g. Hardware Components Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. 5.2 Sub-heading 2 Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. 5.2.1 Sub-heading of 5.2 Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 7 6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS (It contains the results/outputs of your project. The output can be numeric or graphical based. Present the outputs of your project in the form of tables / graphs / charts / figures and explain their behavior. You can also represent or write down the results in tabular form if applicable and analyze that by using graphs or charts. Perform error analysis, comparisons (theory, simulation, practical) and validate your output. Discuss the sources of errors in your project that caused your outputs to deviate from expected values. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. 6.1 Sub-heading 1 6.1.1 Sub-heading 1 of 6.1 Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Center justified Figure Figure 6-1: figure xyz 6.2 Sub-heading 2 Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 8 7. CONCLUSION Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 9 8. APPENDICES It may contains the additional topics or data sheets or reference sheets or even user manual. Project Budget (Detailed Breakdown of Costs), Project Timeline (Gantt chart), Circuit Diagrams (Should be Clear and Legible), PCB Designs (Should be Clear and Legible), Module Specifications (Should be brief - Keep only necessary tables and figures), Details of Dataset can be included here. The appendix name should be given as follows. Appendix A: Circuit Diagram Figure 8-1: Circuit Diagram of AVR with sensors and XBee Figure 8-2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 10 Appendix B: PCB Diagram Figure 8-3: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Top Layer) Figure 8-4: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Bottom Layer)
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 11 Figure 8-5: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Top Layer) Figure 8-6: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Bottom Layer)
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 12 Appendix C: Zigbee Module Specification Table 8-1: XBee S2 Pin Description [4] Table 8-2: XBee S2 General Features [4]
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 13 Appendix D: Used Linux Commands [3] General Commands  apt-get update: Updates your version of Raspbian.  apt-get upgrade: Upgrades all of the software packages you have installed.  clear: Clears the terminal screen of previously run commands and text.  Data: Prints the current date.  date -s "3 Sep 2015 10:18:00": Reset time and date  /etc/init.d/ntp start: restart npt.  find / -name example.txt: Searches the whole system for the file example.txt and outputs a list of all directories that contain the file.  nano example.txt: Opens the file example.txt in “Nano”, the Linux text editor.  poweroff: To shutdown immediately.  raspi-config: Opens the configuration settings menu.  reboot: To reboot immediately.  shutdown -h now: To shutdown immediately.  shutdown -h 01:22: To shutdown at 1:22 AM.  startx: Opens the GUI (Graphical User Interface).
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 14 File/Directory Commands  cat example.txt: Displays the contents of the file example.txt.  cd /abc/xyz: Changes the current directory to the /abc/xyz directory.  cp XXX: Copies the file or directory XXX and pastes it to a specified location; i.e. cp examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies examplefile.txt in the current directory and pastes it into the /home/pi/ directory. If the file is not in the current directory, add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp /home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies the file from the documents directory to the office directory).  ls -l: Lists files in the current directory, along with file size, date modified, and permissions.  mkdir example_directory: Creates a new directory named example_directory inside the current directory.  mv XXX: Moves the file or directory named XXX to a specified location. For example, mv examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ moves examplefile.txt in the current directory to the /home/pi/office directory. If the file is not in the current directory, add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp /home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ moves the file from the documents directory to the office directory). This command can also be used to rename files (but only within the same directory). For example, mv examplefile.txt newfile.txt renames examplefile.txt to newfile.txt, and keeps it in the same directory.  rm example.txt: Deletes the file example.txt.  rmdir example_directory: Deletes the directory example_directory (only if it is empty).  scp user@10.0.0.32:/some/path/file.txt: Copies a file over SSH. Can be used to download a file from a desktop/laptop to the Raspberry Pi.  touch: Creates a new, empty file in the current directory.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 15 Networking/Internet Commands  ifconfig: To check the status of the wireless connection you are using (to see if wlan0 has acquired an IP address).  iwconfig: To check which network the wireless adapter is using.  iwlist wlan0 scan: Prints a list of the currently available wireless networks.  iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID: Use grep along with the name of a field to list only the fields you need (for example to just list the ESSIDs).  nmap: Scans your network and lists connected devices, port number, protocol, state (open or closed) operating system, MAC addresses, and other information.  ping: Tests connectivity between two devices connected on a network. For example, ping 10.0.0.32 will send a packet to the device at IP 10.0.0.32 and wait for a response. It also works with website addresses.  wget http://www.website.com/example.txt: Downloads the file example.txt from the web and saves it to the current directory. System Information Commands  cat /proc/meminfo: Shows details about your memory.  cat /proc/partitions: Shows the size and number of partitions on your SD card or hard drive.  cat /proc/version: Shows you which version of the Raspberry Pi you are using.  df -h: Shows information about the available disk space.  df /: Shows how much free disk space is available.  dpkg –get-selections | grep XXX: Shows all of the installed packages that are related to XXX.  dpkg –get-selections: Shows all of your installed packages.  free: Shows how much free memory is available.  hostname -I: Shows the IP address of your Raspberry Pi.  lsusb: Lists USB hardware connected to your Raspberry Pi.  vcgencmd measure_temp: Shows the temperature of the CPU.  vcgencmd get_mem arm && vcgencmd get_mem gpu: Shows the memory split between the CPU and GPU.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 16 References (Use IEEE format as follows. Note: This is auto generated reference, do not try to type manually. Should be left justified.) [1] B. A., "Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Agriculture," June 2005. [2] C. Ayday and S. Safak, "Application of Wireless Sensor Networks with GIS on the Soil Moisture Distribution Mapping," January 2009. [3] Circuitbasics.com, "Useful Raspberry Pi Commands," [Online]. Available: http://www.circuitbasics.com/useful-raspberry-pi-commands/. [Accessed Aug 2015]. [4] Digi.com, "Documentation for XBee ZB (S2B) Modules," [Online]. Available: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90000976_W.pdf. [Accessed Jun 2015]. [5] P. Wood, "Raspberry Pi and Custard for Schools," [Online]. Available: http://www.rs-online.com/designspark/electronics/blog/raspberry-pi-and-custard- for-schools. [Accessed 02 Sept 2015]. [6] B. Corporation, "Broadcam BCM2835 ARM Peripherals," Feb 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1521578.pdf. [Accessed 2015 Jun 05]. [7] Raspberrypi.org, "GPIO: RASPBERRY PI MODELS A AND B," [Online]. Available: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/. [Accessed Jun 2015]. [8] J. E. K. B. a. S. K. Vongsagon Boonsawat, "XBee Wireless Sensor Networks for Temperature," 2010.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 17 GUIDELINES  Language must be English Language.  You must use “Times New Roman” font with “Bold” and “Italic” variants whenever needs (except in exported image/diagrams, screenshot of tables etc.).  For Cover page (First page of this document) and Title page (Second page of this document), use the font size and style as indicated in First page and Second page.  From page number ‘i’ to end of the report, use proper headings and paragraph styles.  For HEADING 1, use font size 12, style BOLD, UPPERCASE, Spacing (before: 0, after: 12, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 2, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 10, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 3, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 8, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 4, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 6, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 5, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 6, Line Spacing: 1.5) and so on.  For Normal Paragraph, use font size 12, Spacing (before: 0, after: 18, Line Spacing: 1.5).  You can use font size 11 or 12 for labeling the figure and table.  All Headings must be Left Justified.  All normal paragraphs must be left and right justified that is fully justified.  All the tables and figures must be centered justified.  Page size must be standard A4 size.  Page margin must be 1.5” at left and all other of 1”.  Page number must be 0.5” from the bottom and centered at the bottom of the page  Prefatory pages (before INTRODUCTION) should be numbered in Arabic numbers (i, ii, iii…) and body part should be numbered in style (1, 2, 3…)  You can start the numbering from title page but must not number the cover page.
Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 18  For extensive table of contents and list of figures, you can use 1 line spacing instead of 1.5 (For extensive Table of contents and list of figures only, otherwise use 1.5 line spacing as normal paragraph)  All the figures, tables, charts, equations etc. used in the reports must be numbered using insert caption under reference of MS Word.  Reference must be used in ascending order (It means if you use [1] reference in page 5 and reference [2] in page 6 then you must not use reference [3] in page 4) using IEEE format.  Reference should not be numbered as chapter.

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Electronics and Computer Project Report Template and Guidelines 2020.pdf

  • 1. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (12, Bold, Center Justified) INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING THAPATHALI CAMPUS A Project Report (12, Bold, Center Justified) On [Project Title] Submitted By: (12, Bold, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) (14, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) Submitted To: (12, Bold, Center Justified) Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Thapathali Campus (12, Center Justified) Kathmandu, Nepal July, 2019 (12, Center Justified)
  • 2. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (12, Bold, Center Justified) INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING THAPATHALI CAMPUS A Project Report (12, Bold, Center Justified) On [Project Title] Submitted By: (12, Bold, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) (12, Center Justified) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) [Student Name] ([Student Exam Roll No.]) Submitted To: (12, Bold, Center Justified) Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Thapathali Campus Kathmandu, Nepal (12, Center Justified) In partial fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. (12, Center Justified) Under the Supervision of (12, Bold, Center Justified) [Supervisor’s Name] (12, Center Justified) July, 2019 (12, Center Justified)
  • 3. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 i DECLARATION We hereby declare that the report of the project entitled “Project Title” which is being submitted to the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus, in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering, is a bonafide report of the work carried out by us. The materials contained in this report have not been submitted to any University or Institution for the award of any degree and we are the only author of this complete work and no sources other than the listed here have been used in this work. Bimal Aryal (Class Roll No: 070/BEX/101) ________________________ [Student Name] (Class Roll No: [070/BEX/101]) ________________________ [Student Name] (Class Roll No: [070/BEX/101]) ________________________ [Student Name] (Class Roll No: [070/BEX/101]) ________________________ Date: July, 2019
  • 4. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 ii CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus, a minor project work entitled “Project Title” submitted by Student Name, Student Name, Student Name and Student Name in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. The Project was carried out under special supervision and within the time frame prescribed by the syllabus. We found the students to be hardworking, skilled and ready to undertake any related work to their field of study and hence we recommend the award of partial fulfillment of Bachelor’s degree of Electronics and Communication Engineering. Project Supervisor Mr. Saroj Shakya Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus External Examiner Prof. Dr. Shashidhar Ram Joshi Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus Project Co-ordinator Mr. Umesh Kanta Ghimire Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus Mr. Kiran Chandra Dahal Head of the Department, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus July, 2019
  • 5. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 iii COPYRIGHT The author has agreed that the library, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus, may make this report freely available for inspection. Moreover, the author has agreed that the permission for extensive copying of this project work for scholarly purpose may be granted by the professor/lecturer, who supervised the project work recorded herein or, in their absence, by the head of the department. It is understood that the recognition will be given to the author of this report and to the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus in any use of the material of this report. Copying of publication or other use of this report for financial gain without approval of the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus and author’s written permission is prohibited. Request for permission to copy or to make any use of the material in this project in whole or part should be addressed to department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, IOE, Thapathali Campus.
  • 6. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement here. Your acknowledgement here. (1 – 5 paragraphs) Sujan Dhungana (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/142) [Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111) [Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111) [Student Name] (Class Roll No.: 070/BEX/111)
  • 7. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 v ABSTRACT Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. Your abstract here. (a paragraph) Keywords: [most frequently used terms in your report (may be technology, algorithms etc.) (Italic, alphabetical order)
  • 8. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 vi Table of Contents DECLARATION...........................................................................................................i CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL..............................................................................ii COPYRIGHT............................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................iv ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................v List of Figures........................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ...............................................................................................................ix List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................1 1.1 Background..................................................................................................1 1.2 Motivation ...................................................................................................1 1.3 Problem Definition ......................................................................................1 1.4 Project Objectives........................................................................................1 1.5 Project Scope and Applications...................................................................1 1.6 Report Organization ....................................................................................2 2. LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................3 2.1 Sub-heading 1..............................................................................................3 2.2 Sub-heading 2 and so on..............................................................................3 3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ............................................................................4 3.1 Sub-heading 1 – Project Requirement (may be Hardware and Software Requirements) ........................................................................................................4 3.2 Sub-heading 2 – Feasibility Study...............................................................4 4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND METHODOLOGY ..................................5 4.1 Sub-heading 1 – Block Diagram/Architecture ............................................5 4.2 Sub-heading 2 – Flowcharts/Algorithms (and other design methods) ........5 5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS .......................................................................6
  • 9. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 vii 5.1 Sub-heading 1 for e.g. Hardware Components............................................6 5.2 Sub-heading 2..............................................................................................6 5.2.1 Sub-heading of 5.2..............................................................................6 6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS...............................................................................7 6.1 Sub-heading 1..............................................................................................7 6.1.1 Sub-heading 1 of 6.1 ........................................................................7 6.2 Sub-heading 2..............................................................................................7 7. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT.................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................8 9. APPENDICES ......................................................................................................9 Appendix A: Circuit Diagram ................................................................................9 Appendix B: PCB Diagram..................................................................................10 Appendix C: Zigbee Module Specification..........................................................12 Appendix D: Used Linux Commands ..................................................................13 References...................................................................................................................16
  • 10. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 viii List of Figures Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of abc .................................................................................5 Figure 4-2: Flowchart of xyz .........................................................................................5 Figure 6-1: figure xyz ....................................................................................................7 Figure 9-1: Circuit Diagram of AVR with sensors and XBee.......................................9 Figure 9-2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay...............................................9 Figure 9-3: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Top Layer).....................10 Figure 9-4: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Bottom Layer) ...............10 Figure 9-5: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Top Layer)............................11 Figure 9-6: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Bottom Layer) ......................11
  • 11. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 ix List of Tables Table 9-1: XBee S2 Pin Description............................................................................12 Table 9-2: XBee S2 General Features .........................................................................12
  • 12. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2020 x List of Abbreviations AC Alternating Current ADC Analog to Digital Converter API Application Programming Interface BCM Broadcom CMOS Complementary Metallic Oxide Semiconductor CMS Center Monitoring System CSS Cascading Style Sheets DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol et al. And Others FTP File Transfer Protocol FTPS File Transfer Protocol Secure GIS Geographic Information System GPIO General Purpose Input Output GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Global Positioning System GPU Graphics Processor Unit GUI Graphical User Interface HDMI High Definition Media Interface HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTML Hypertext Markup Language IDLE Integrated Development Environment IP Internet Protocol IOT Internet Of Things ISP Internet Service Provider ISR Interrupt Service Routine IT Information Technology
  • 13. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 1 1. INTRODUCTION Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.1 Background Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.2 Motivation Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.3 Problem Definition Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. 1.4 Project Objectives The main objectives of our project are listed below (maximum 2 points and to the point):  point 1  point 2 1.5 Project Scope and Applications Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here.
  • 14. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 2 1.6 Report Organization Briefly explains all the chapters and their focus. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here. Your introduction here.
  • 15. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter contains all the existing works that have already been carried out in the field related to your project topic. This chapters tells how much you researched before completing your project. You have to explain each of the works as a separate sub-topic with following details:  What is the work of existing/researched related topic?  How it is done? used methods, techniques, technology, algorithms and any new innovations of existing/researched related topic)  Its importance or applications existing/researched related topic  drawbacks and limitations existing/researched related topic  Criticize the work of existing/researched related topic  Link these criticisms on the existing/researched related topic to the motivation explained in previous chapter.  Each information should be properly sited. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here [1]. 2.1 Sub-heading 1 Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here [2]. 2.2 Sub-heading 2 and so on Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here. Your literature review here [3].
  • 16. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 4 3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS Enumerate & describe why and where in your project the hardware components / instruments & software are required. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis [4]. 3.1 Sub-heading 1 – may be Hardware/Software Requirements Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. 3.2 Sub-heading 2 – may be Dataset analysis Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis. Description of requirement analysis
  • 17. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 5 4. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND METHODOLOGY Explain the system block diagram along with the purpose of each block & how the blocks interact with each other. Explain any flowcharts / algorithms / methods that your project follows. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Center Justified Figure Figure 4-1: Block Diagram of abc 4.1 Sub-heading 1 – Block Diagram/Architecture (Explain all the building blocks of your system in details explaining what and how it does the things)Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Center Justified Figure Figure 4-2: Flowchart of xyz 4.2 Sub-heading 2 – Flowcharts/Algorithms (and other design methods) Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here. Your system and architecture here.
  • 18. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 6 5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS Describe how the hardware components / instruments & software function in your project. Describe the calibration process required for correct operation of each module. Describe the interfacing technicalities / protocol of each module used in your project. Explain in detail how all components are interconnected to make a functioning system. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. 5.1 Sub-heading 1 for e.g. Hardware Components Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. 5.2 Sub-heading 2 Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. 5.2.1 Sub-heading of 5.2 Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here. Your system components description here.
  • 19. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 7 6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS (It contains the results/outputs of your project. The output can be numeric or graphical based. Present the outputs of your project in the form of tables / graphs / charts / figures and explain their behavior. You can also represent or write down the results in tabular form if applicable and analyze that by using graphs or charts. Perform error analysis, comparisons (theory, simulation, practical) and validate your output. Discuss the sources of errors in your project that caused your outputs to deviate from expected values. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. 6.1 Sub-heading 1 6.1.1 Sub-heading 1 of 6.1 Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Center justified Figure Figure 6-1: figure xyz 6.2 Sub-heading 2 Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here. Your text here.
  • 20. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 8 7. CONCLUSION Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here. Your conclusion here.
  • 21. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 9 8. APPENDICES It may contains the additional topics or data sheets or reference sheets or even user manual. Project Budget (Detailed Breakdown of Costs), Project Timeline (Gantt chart), Circuit Diagrams (Should be Clear and Legible), PCB Designs (Should be Clear and Legible), Module Specifications (Should be brief - Keep only necessary tables and figures), Details of Dataset can be included here. The appendix name should be given as follows. Appendix A: Circuit Diagram Figure 8-1: Circuit Diagram of AVR with sensors and XBee Figure 8-2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay
  • 22. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 10 Appendix B: PCB Diagram Figure 8-3: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Top Layer) Figure 8-4: PCB Diagram of AVR with sensors and Xbee (Bottom Layer)
  • 23. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 11 Figure 8-5: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Top Layer) Figure 8-6: PCB Diagram of Motor Driver and Relay (Bottom Layer)
  • 24. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 12 Appendix C: Zigbee Module Specification Table 8-1: XBee S2 Pin Description [4] Table 8-2: XBee S2 General Features [4]
  • 25. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 13 Appendix D: Used Linux Commands [3] General Commands  apt-get update: Updates your version of Raspbian.  apt-get upgrade: Upgrades all of the software packages you have installed.  clear: Clears the terminal screen of previously run commands and text.  Data: Prints the current date.  date -s "3 Sep 2015 10:18:00": Reset time and date  /etc/init.d/ntp start: restart npt.  find / -name example.txt: Searches the whole system for the file example.txt and outputs a list of all directories that contain the file.  nano example.txt: Opens the file example.txt in “Nano”, the Linux text editor.  poweroff: To shutdown immediately.  raspi-config: Opens the configuration settings menu.  reboot: To reboot immediately.  shutdown -h now: To shutdown immediately.  shutdown -h 01:22: To shutdown at 1:22 AM.  startx: Opens the GUI (Graphical User Interface).
  • 26. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 14 File/Directory Commands  cat example.txt: Displays the contents of the file example.txt.  cd /abc/xyz: Changes the current directory to the /abc/xyz directory.  cp XXX: Copies the file or directory XXX and pastes it to a specified location; i.e. cp examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies examplefile.txt in the current directory and pastes it into the /home/pi/ directory. If the file is not in the current directory, add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp /home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies the file from the documents directory to the office directory).  ls -l: Lists files in the current directory, along with file size, date modified, and permissions.  mkdir example_directory: Creates a new directory named example_directory inside the current directory.  mv XXX: Moves the file or directory named XXX to a specified location. For example, mv examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ moves examplefile.txt in the current directory to the /home/pi/office directory. If the file is not in the current directory, add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp /home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ moves the file from the documents directory to the office directory). This command can also be used to rename files (but only within the same directory). For example, mv examplefile.txt newfile.txt renames examplefile.txt to newfile.txt, and keeps it in the same directory.  rm example.txt: Deletes the file example.txt.  rmdir example_directory: Deletes the directory example_directory (only if it is empty).  scp user@10.0.0.32:/some/path/file.txt: Copies a file over SSH. Can be used to download a file from a desktop/laptop to the Raspberry Pi.  touch: Creates a new, empty file in the current directory.
  • 27. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 15 Networking/Internet Commands  ifconfig: To check the status of the wireless connection you are using (to see if wlan0 has acquired an IP address).  iwconfig: To check which network the wireless adapter is using.  iwlist wlan0 scan: Prints a list of the currently available wireless networks.  iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID: Use grep along with the name of a field to list only the fields you need (for example to just list the ESSIDs).  nmap: Scans your network and lists connected devices, port number, protocol, state (open or closed) operating system, MAC addresses, and other information.  ping: Tests connectivity between two devices connected on a network. For example, ping 10.0.0.32 will send a packet to the device at IP 10.0.0.32 and wait for a response. It also works with website addresses.  wget http://www.website.com/example.txt: Downloads the file example.txt from the web and saves it to the current directory. System Information Commands  cat /proc/meminfo: Shows details about your memory.  cat /proc/partitions: Shows the size and number of partitions on your SD card or hard drive.  cat /proc/version: Shows you which version of the Raspberry Pi you are using.  df -h: Shows information about the available disk space.  df /: Shows how much free disk space is available.  dpkg –get-selections | grep XXX: Shows all of the installed packages that are related to XXX.  dpkg –get-selections: Shows all of your installed packages.  free: Shows how much free memory is available.  hostname -I: Shows the IP address of your Raspberry Pi.  lsusb: Lists USB hardware connected to your Raspberry Pi.  vcgencmd measure_temp: Shows the temperature of the CPU.  vcgencmd get_mem arm && vcgencmd get_mem gpu: Shows the memory split between the CPU and GPU.
  • 28. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 16 References (Use IEEE format as follows. Note: This is auto generated reference, do not try to type manually. Should be left justified.) [1] B. A., "Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Agriculture," June 2005. [2] C. Ayday and S. Safak, "Application of Wireless Sensor Networks with GIS on the Soil Moisture Distribution Mapping," January 2009. [3] Circuitbasics.com, "Useful Raspberry Pi Commands," [Online]. Available: http://www.circuitbasics.com/useful-raspberry-pi-commands/. [Accessed Aug 2015]. [4] Digi.com, "Documentation for XBee ZB (S2B) Modules," [Online]. Available: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90000976_W.pdf. [Accessed Jun 2015]. [5] P. Wood, "Raspberry Pi and Custard for Schools," [Online]. Available: http://www.rs-online.com/designspark/electronics/blog/raspberry-pi-and-custard- for-schools. [Accessed 02 Sept 2015]. [6] B. Corporation, "Broadcam BCM2835 ARM Peripherals," Feb 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1521578.pdf. [Accessed 2015 Jun 05]. [7] Raspberrypi.org, "GPIO: RASPBERRY PI MODELS A AND B," [Online]. Available: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/. [Accessed Jun 2015]. [8] J. E. K. B. a. S. K. Vongsagon Boonsawat, "XBee Wireless Sensor Networks for Temperature," 2010.
  • 29. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 17 GUIDELINES  Language must be English Language.  You must use “Times New Roman” font with “Bold” and “Italic” variants whenever needs (except in exported image/diagrams, screenshot of tables etc.).  For Cover page (First page of this document) and Title page (Second page of this document), use the font size and style as indicated in First page and Second page.  From page number ‘i’ to end of the report, use proper headings and paragraph styles.  For HEADING 1, use font size 12, style BOLD, UPPERCASE, Spacing (before: 0, after: 12, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 2, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 10, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 3, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 8, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 4, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 6, Line Spacing: 1.5).  For HEADING 5, use font size 12, style BOLD, Spacing (before: 0, after: 6, Line Spacing: 1.5) and so on.  For Normal Paragraph, use font size 12, Spacing (before: 0, after: 18, Line Spacing: 1.5).  You can use font size 11 or 12 for labeling the figure and table.  All Headings must be Left Justified.  All normal paragraphs must be left and right justified that is fully justified.  All the tables and figures must be centered justified.  Page size must be standard A4 size.  Page margin must be 1.5” at left and all other of 1”.  Page number must be 0.5” from the bottom and centered at the bottom of the page  Prefatory pages (before INTRODUCTION) should be numbered in Arabic numbers (i, ii, iii…) and body part should be numbered in style (1, 2, 3…)  You can start the numbering from title page but must not number the cover page.
  • 30. Compiled by Saroj Shakya, IOE, Thapathali Campus | 2019 18  For extensive table of contents and list of figures, you can use 1 line spacing instead of 1.5 (For extensive Table of contents and list of figures only, otherwise use 1.5 line spacing as normal paragraph)  All the figures, tables, charts, equations etc. used in the reports must be numbered using insert caption under reference of MS Word.  Reference must be used in ascending order (It means if you use [1] reference in page 5 and reference [2] in page 6 then you must not use reference [3] in page 4) using IEEE format.  Reference should not be numbered as chapter.