ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR MPHARM IST SEM

This document discusses elemental analysis techniques used to identify potential elemental impurities in pharmaceuticals. It describes speciation analysis, which separates and quantifies different chemical forms of an element. Several instrumental methods are discussed for identifying elemental impurities, including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The principles, instrumentation, and sample analysis procedures of AAS and XRF are explained in further detail.