ELN 102 Revised Presentation
- 1. PRINCIPLES OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING By Victoria Ortiz
- 2. Agenda • Multimedia Principle • Contiguity Principle • Modality Principle • Redundancy Principle • Coherence Principle • Personalization Principle
- 3. Introduction • The following principles are used for media in eLearning.
- 4. Multimedia Principle • People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone
- 5. Multimedia Principle Violations To many bullet points Bullet points are not consistent Font sizes are different sizes Violations: Too many different fonts The box colors are too similar The are no arrows indicating the process Violations: The background does not need a pattern The red circle does not indicate anything Violations:
- 6. Multimedia Principle Revisions The information was separated into two slides The images are enlarged All font sizes are consistent All bullet points are consistent Corrections: Adding the arrows to show the process All text are consistent All the boxes are different colors Corrections: Added an arrow Added the text Emphasized in red what you are looking at Removed the background pattern Corrections:
- 7. Contiguity Principle • People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen. • People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than successively.
- 8. Contiguity Principle Violations This slide shows only the different the levels Violation: The levels and the corresponding information are separated. Scrolling two screens to put the information together Violation:
- 9. Contiguity Principle Revision Both levels and descriptions are on one slide. Using an arrow to connect the description to each level. The colors for the boxes, arrows and text also correspond to each level. Corrections:
- 10. Modality Principle • People learn better from animation and narration than from animation and on-screen text.
- 11. Modality Principle Violation With too much information that describes each process on one screen that might be too much to understand if it is fast-paced. Violation:
- 12. Redundancy Principle • People learn better from animation and narration than from animation, narration, and on on-screen text. • People learn better when the words include cues about the organization of the presentation.
- 13. Redundancy Principle Violations Showing the same information but in different formats Having concurrent information and the audio and visual of the same thing can be overwhelming and distracting. Violations:
- 14. Modality and Redundancy Principle Revisions Cleaning up the slide with no text to read. Just listening the audio as it is narrating through the each step of the process The attention is being focused on understanding the process and not being distracted or overwhelmed with the both the audio and the text. Corrections:
- 15. Coherence Principle • People learn better when extraneous words, pictures, and sounds are excluded rather than included.
- 16. Coherence Principle Violations The use of the graphics, fonts styles and on screen text are all irrelevant and distracting. Violations:
- 17. Coherence Principle Revision Cleaning up the slide with no distracting images and irrelevant wording. Corrections:
- 18. Personalization Principle • People learn better when the words are in conversational style rather than formal style. • People learn better when words are spoken in a standard- accented human voice than in a machine voice or foreign- accented human voice. • People do not necessarily learn better from a multimedia lesson when the speaker’s image is added to the screen.
- 19. Personalization Principle Violation The pedagogical agent does not narrate the information in a conversational style. Violation:
- 20. Personalization Principle Revision The pedagogical agent is friendly and conversational. Correction:
- 21. Summary • Now you should be able to correctly apply all the principles for multimedia learning.